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Pugazhendhi AS, Seal A, Hughes M, Kumar U, Kolanthai E, Wei F, Schwartzman JD, Coathup MJ. Extracellular Proteins Isolated from L. acidophilus as an Osteomicrobiological Therapeutic Agent to Reduce Pathogenic Biofilm Formation, Regulate Chronic Inflammation, and Augment Bone Formation In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302835. [PMID: 38117082 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a challenging complication that can occur following joint replacement surgery. Efficacious strategies to prevent and treat PJI and its recurrence remain elusive. Commensal bacteria within the gut convey beneficial effects through a defense strategy named "colonization resistance" thereby preventing pathogenic infection along the intestinal surface. This blueprint may be applicable to PJI. The aim is to investigate Lactobacillus acidophilus spp. and their isolated extracellular-derived proteins (LaEPs) on PJI-relevant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Escherichia coli planktonic growth and biofilm formation in vitro. The effect of LaEPs on cultured macrophages and osteogenic, and adipogenic human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation is analyzed. Data show electrostatically-induced probiotic-pathogen species co-aggregation and pathogenic growth inhibition together with LaEP-induced biofilm prevention. LaEPs prime macrophages for enhanced microbial phagocytosis via cathepsin K, reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced DNA damage and receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa B ligand expression, and promote a reparative M2 macrophage morphology under chronic inflammatory conditions. LaEPs also significantly augment bone deposition while abating adipogenesis thus holding promise as a potential multimodal therapeutic strategy. Proteomic analyses highlight high abundance of lysyl endopeptidase, and urocanate reductase. Further, in vivo analyses are warranted to elucidate their role in the prevention and treatment of PJIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anouska Seal
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | | | - Udit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
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Jackson JJ, Heyer S, Bell G. Sortase-encoding genes, srtA and srtC, mediate Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF persistence in the Helicoverpa zea gastrointestinal tract. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1322303. [PMID: 38562482 PMCID: PMC10982312 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1322303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal and opportunistic pathogen in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of mammals and insects. To investigate mechanisms of bacterial persistence in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), we developed a non-destructive sampling model using Helicoverpa zea, a destructive agricultural pest, as host to study the role of bacterial sortase enzymes in mitigating persistence in the gastrointestinal tract. E. faecalis OG1RF ΔsrtA and E. faecalis OG1RF ΔsrtC, isogenic E. faecalis OG1RF sortase mutants grew similarly under planktonic growth conditions relative to a streptomycin-resistant E. faecalis OG1RFS WT in vitro but displayed impaired biofilm formation under, both, physiological and alkaline conditions. In the H. zea GI model, both mutants displayed impaired persistence relative to the WT. This represents one of the initial reports in which a non-destructive insect model has been used to characterize mechanisms of bacterial persistence in the Lepidopteran midgut and, furthermore, sheds light on new molecular mechanisms employed by diverse microorganisms to associate with invertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerreme J. Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, United States
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Contente D, Díaz-Formoso L, Feito J, Hernández PE, Muñoz-Atienza E, Borrero J, Poeta P, Cintas LM. Genomic and Functional Evaluation of Two Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Two Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains, Isolated from a Rearing Tank of Rotifers ( Brachionus plicatilis), as Probiotics for Aquaculture. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:64. [PMID: 38254954 PMCID: PMC10815930 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture plays a crucial role in meeting the increasing global demand for food and protein sources. However, its expansion is followed by increasing challenges, such as infectious disease outbreaks and antibiotic misuse. The present study focuses on the genetic and functional analyses of two Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (BF3 and RT4) and two Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (BF12 and WT12) strains isolated from a rotifer cultivation tank used for turbot larviculture. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatics analyses confirmed their probiotic potential, the absence of transferable antibiotic resistance genes, and the absence of virulence and pathogenicity factors. Bacteriocin mining identified a gene cluster encoding six plantaricins, suggesting their role in the antimicrobial activity exerted by these strains. In vitro cell-free protein synthesis (IV-CFPS) analyses was used to evaluate the expression of the plantaricin genes. The in vitro-synthesized class IIb (two-peptide bacteriocins) plantaricin E/F (PlnE/F) exerted antimicrobial activity against three indicator microorganisms, including the well-known ichthyopathogen Lactococcus garvieae. Furthermore, MALDI-TOF MS on colonies detected the presence of a major peptide that matches the dimeric form of plantaricins E (PlnE) and F (PlnF). This study emphasizes the importance of genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis for evaluating aquaculture probiotic candidates. Moreover, it provides valuable insights into their genetic features and antimicrobial mechanisms, paving the way for their application as probiotics in larviculture, which is a major bottleneck in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Contente
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (P.E.H.); (E.M.-A.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Lara Díaz-Formoso
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (P.E.H.); (E.M.-A.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Javier Feito
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (P.E.H.); (E.M.-A.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (P.E.H.); (E.M.-A.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Estefanía Muñoz-Atienza
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (P.E.H.); (E.M.-A.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Juan Borrero
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (P.E.H.); (E.M.-A.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luis M. Cintas
- Grupo de Seguridad y Calidad de los Alimentos por Bacterias Lácticas, Bacteriocinas y Probióticos (SEGABALBP), Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.C.); (L.D.-F.); (P.E.H.); (E.M.-A.); (J.B.); (L.M.C.)
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Walsh C, Owens RA, Bottacini F, Lane JA, van Sinderen D, Hickey RM. HMO-primed bifidobacteria exhibit enhanced ability to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232173. [PMID: 38163079 PMCID: PMC10757668 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of gut commensals to adhere to the intestinal epithelium can play a key role in influencing the composition of the gut microbiota. Bifidobacteria are associated with a multitude of health benefits and are one of the most widely used probiotics for humans. Enhanced bifidobacterial adhesion may increase host-microbe, microbe-nutrient, and/or microbe-microbe interactions, thereby enabling consolidated health benefits to the host. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) to enhance bifidobacterial intestinal adhesion in vitro. This study assessed the colonisation-promoting effects of HMOs on four commercial infant-associated Bifidobacterium strains (two B. longum subsp. infantis strains, B. breve and B. bifidum). HT29-MTX cells were used as an in vitro intestinal model for bacterial adhesion. Short-term exposure of four commercial infant-associated Bifidobacterium strains to HMOs derived from breastmilk substantially increased the adherence (up to 47%) of these probiotic strains. Interestingly, when strains were incubated with HMOs as a four-strain combination, the number of viable bacteria adhering to intestinal cells increased by >90%. Proteomic analysis of this multi-strain bifidobacterial mixture revealed that the increased adherence resulting from exposure to HMOs was associated with notable increases in the abundance of sortase-dependent pili and glycosyl hydrolases matched to Bifidobacterium bifidum. This study suggests that HMOs may prime infant gut-associated Bifidobacterium for colonisation to intestinal epithelial cells by influencing the expression of various colonization factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clodagh Walsh
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
- Health and Happiness Group, H&H Research, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Francesca Bottacini
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Biological Sciences and ADAPT Research Centre, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rita M. Hickey
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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5
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Suissa R, Olender T, Malitsky S, Golani O, Turjeman S, Koren O, Meijler MM, Kolodkin-Gal I. Metabolic inputs in the probiotic bacterium Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus contribute to cell-wall remodeling and increased fitness. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:71. [PMID: 37752249 PMCID: PMC10522624 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a Gram-positive beneficial bacterium that resides in the human intestinal tract and belongs to the family of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This bacterium is a widely used probiotic and was suggested to provide numerous benefits for human health. However, as in most LAB strains, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the competitiveness of probiotics under different diets remain unknown. Fermentation is a fundamental process in LAB, allowing the oxidation of simple carbohydrates (e.g., glucose, mannose) for energy production under oxygen limitation, as in the human gut. Our results indicate that fermentation reshapes the metabolome, volatilome, and proteome architecture of LGG. Furthermore, fermentation alters cell envelope remodeling and peptidoglycan biosynthesis, which leads to altered cell wall thickness, aggregation properties, and cell wall composition. In addition, fermentable sugars induced the secretion of known and novel metabolites and proteins targeting the enteric pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Overall, our results link simple carbohydrates with cell wall remodeling, aggregation to host tissues, and biofilm formation in probiotic strains and connect them with the production of broad-spectrum antimicrobial effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Suissa
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Tsviya Olender
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Michael M Meijler
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
- The Scojen Institute for Synthetic Biology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel.
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Secretome Analysis of the Plant Biostimulant Bacteria Strains Bacillus subtilis (EB2004S) and Lactobacillus helveticus (EL2006H) in Response to pH Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315144. [PMID: 36499471 PMCID: PMC9739546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that there is a high frequency of plant-growth-promoting strains in Bacillus subtilis and that these can be effective under both stressful and stress-free conditions. There are very few studies of this activity in the case of Lactobacillus helveticus. In this study, the effects of pH on the secretome (proteins) in the cell-free supernatants of two bacterial strains were evaluated. The bacteria were cultured at pH 5, 7 and 8, and their secretome profiles were analyzed, with pH 7 (optimal growth pH) considered as the "control". The results showed that acidity (lower pH 5) diminishes the detectable production of most of the secretome proteins, whereas alkalinity (higher pH 8) increases the detectable protein production. At pH 5, five (5) new proteins were produced by L. helveticus, including class A sortase, fucose-binding lectin II, MucBP-domain-containing protein, SLAP-domain-containing protein and hypothetical protein LHEJCM1006_11110, whereas for B. subtilis, four (4) types of proteins were uniquely produced (p ≤ 0.05), including helicase-exonuclease AddAB subunit AddB, 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, a cluster of ABC-F family ATP-binding-cassette-domain-containing proteins and a cluster of excinuclease ABC (subunit B). At pH 8, Bacillus subtilis produced 56 unique proteins. Many of the detected proteins were involved in metabolic processes, whereas the others had unknown functions. The unique and new proteins with known and unknown functions suggest potential the acclimatization of the microbes to pH stress.
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Frolova M, Yudin S, Makarov V, Glazunova O, Alikina O, Markelova N, Kolzhetsov N, Dzhelyadin T, Shcherbakova V, Trubitsyn V, Panyukov V, Zaitsev A, Kiselev S, Shavkunov K, Ozoline O. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: Occurrence in the Human Gut Microbiota and K-Mer-Based Assessment of Intraspecies Diversity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111246. [PMID: 34833122 PMCID: PMC8620312 DOI: 10.3390/life11111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alignment-free approaches employing short k-mers as barcodes for individual genomes have created a new strategy for taxonomic analysis and paved a way for high-resolution phylogeny. Here, we introduce this strategy for the Lacticaseibacillus paracasei species as a taxon requiring barcoding support for precise systematics. Using this approach for phylotyping of L. paracasei VKM B-1144 at the genus level, we identified four L. paracasei phylogroups and found that L. casei 12A belongs to one of them, rather than to the L. casei clade. Therefore, we propose to change the specification of this strain. At the genus level we found only one relative of L. paracasei VKM B-1144 among 221 genomes, complete or available in contigs, and showed that the coding potential of the genome of this "rare" strain allows its consideration as a potential probiotic component. Four sets of published metagenomes were used to assess the dependence of L. paracasei presence in the human gut microbiome on chronic diseases, dietary changes and antibiotic treatment. Only antibiotics significantly affected their presence, and strain-specific barcoding allowed the identification of the main scenarios of the adaptive response. Thus, suggesting bacteria of this species for compensatory therapy, we also propose strain-specific barcoding for selecting optimal strains for target microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Frolova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sergey Yudin
- Centre for Strategic Planning of Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.); (V.M.)
| | - Valentin Makarov
- Centre for Strategic Planning of Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (S.Y.); (V.M.)
| | - Olga Glazunova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Olga Alikina
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Natalia Markelova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Nikolay Kolzhetsov
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Timur Dzhelyadin
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Viktoria Shcherbakova
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (V.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Vladimir Trubitsyn
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (V.S.); (V.T.)
| | - Valery Panyukov
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS—The Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Alexandr Zaitsev
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS—The Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Sergey Kiselev
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Konstantin Shavkunov
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (O.O.)
| | - Olga Ozoline
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Cellular Stress, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia; (M.F.); (O.G.); (O.A.); (N.M.); (N.K.); (T.D.); (V.P.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (O.O.)
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Lactobacillus bile salt hydrolase substrate specificity governs bacterial fitness and host colonization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017709118. [PMID: 33526676 PMCID: PMC8017965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017709118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transformation of bile acids (BAs) by the gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important factor shaping host health. The prerequisite step of BA metabolism is carried out by bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), which are encoded by select gut and probiotic bacteria. Despite their prevalence, the utility of harboring a bsh is unclear. Here, we investigate the role of BSHs encoded by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri. We show that BA type and BSH substrate preferences affect in vitro and in vivo growth of both species. These findings contribute to a mechanistic understanding of bacterial survival in various BA-rich niches and inform future efforts to leverage BSHs as a therapeutic tool for manipulating the gut microbiota. Primary bile acids (BAs) are a collection of host-synthesized metabolites that shape physiology and metabolism. BAs transit the gastrointestinal tract and are subjected to a variety of chemical transformations encoded by indigenous bacteria. The resulting microbiota-derived BA pool is a mediator of host–microbiota interactions. Bacterial bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) cleave the conjugated glycine or taurine from BAs, an essential upstream step for the production of deconjugated and secondary BAs. Probiotic lactobacilli harbor a considerable number and diversity of BSHs; however, their contribution to Lactobacillus fitness and colonization remains poorly understood. Here, we define and compare the functions of multiple BSHs encoded by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri. Our genetic and biochemical characterization of lactobacilli BSHs lend to a model of Lactobacillus adaptation to the gut. These findings deviate from previous notions that BSHs generally promote colonization and detoxify bile. Rather, we show that BSH enzymatic preferences and the intrinsic chemical features of various BAs determine the toxicity of these molecules during Lactobacillus growth. BSHs were able to alter the Lactobacillus transcriptome in a BA-dependent manner. Finally, BSHs were able to dictate differences in bacterial competition in vitro and in vivo, defining their impact on BSH-encoding bacteria within the greater gastrointestinal tract ecosystem. This work emphasizes the importance of considering the enzymatic preferences of BSHs alongside the conjugated/deconjugated BA–bacterial interaction. These results deepen our understanding of the BA–microbiome axis and provide a framework to engineer lactobacilli with improved bile resistance and use probiotics as BA-altering therapeutics.
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9
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Susmitha A, Bajaj H, Madhavan Nampoothiri K. The divergent roles of sortase in the biology of Gram-positive bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:100055. [PMID: 34195501 PMCID: PMC8225981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2021.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial cell wall contains numerous surface-exposed proteins, which are covalently anchored and assembled by a sortase family of transpeptidase enzymes. The sortase are cysteine transpeptidases that catalyzes the covalent attachment of surface protein to the cell wall peptidoglycan. Among the reported six classes of sortases, each distinct class of sortase plays a unique biological role in anchoring a variety of surface proteins to the peptidoglycan of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. Sortases not only exhibit virulence and pathogenesis properties to host cells, but also possess a significant role in gut retention and immunomodulation in probiotic microbes. The two main distinct functions are to attach proteins directly to the cell wall or assemble pili on the microbial surface. This review provides a compendium of the distribution of different classes of sortases present in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria and also the noteworthy role played by them in bacterial cell wall assembly which enables each microbe to effectively interact with its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyath Susmitha
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harsha Bajaj
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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10
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Wang Y, Liang Q, Lu B, Shen H, Liu S, Shi Y, Leptihn S, Li H, Wei J, Liu C, Xiao H, Zheng X, Liu C, Chen H. Whole-genome analysis of probiotic product isolates reveals the presence of genes related to antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and toxic metabolites, posing potential health risks. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:210. [PMID: 33761872 PMCID: PMC7988973 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Safety issues of probiotic products have been reported frequently in recent years. Ten bacterial strains isolated from seven commercial probiotic products on market were evaluated for their safety, by whole-genome analysis. Results We found that the bacterial species of three probiotic products were incorrectly labeled. Furthermore, six probiotic product isolates (PPS) contained genes for the production of toxic metabolites, while another three strains contained virulence genes, which might pose a potential health risk. In addition, three of them have drug-resistance genes, among which two strains potentially displayed multidrug resistance. One isolate has in silico predicted transferable genes responsible for toxic metabolite production, and they could potentially transfer to human gut microflora or environmental bacteria. Isolates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis are associated with low risk for human consumption. Based on a comparative genome analysis, we found that the isolated Enterococcus faecium TK-P5D clustered with a well-defined probiotic strain, while E. faecalis TK-P4B clustered with a pathogenic strain. Conclusions Our work clearly illustrates that whole-genome analysis is a useful method to evaluate the quality and safety of probiotic products. Regulatory quality control and stringent regulations on probiotic products are needed to ensure safe consumption and protect human health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07539-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bian Lu
- Xiaoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 311201, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Shen
- NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Biological Inspection Department, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Dalian Customs District, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ya Shi
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Li
- China National Accreditation Institute for Conformity Assessment, Beijing, 100062, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Nordkapp Medical Group, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengzhi Liu
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailong Xiao
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Biological Inspection Department, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huan Chen
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Zhao M, Zhang H, Xu X, Li S, Xu H. A strategy for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight welan gum by eliminating capsule form of Sphingomonas strains. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:11-18. [PMID: 33636257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Welan gum is widely used in food, concrete additives, and oil recovery. Here we changed the capsule form of Sphingomonas strains by knocked out the sortase gene (srtW). The obtained welan gum was mainly composed of mannose, glucose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid at a molar ratio of 4.0:5.8:1.6:1, respectively. Meanwhile, the molecular weight of welan gum decreased sharply (about 68 kDa). Moreover, the low molecular weight (LMW) welan gum was characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The rheological results revealed that the LMW welan gum solution is a pseudoplastic fluid with a lower apparent viscosity. Furthermore, the oscillation test illustrated stable dynamic viscoelasticity within the temperature range of 5-68 °C and frequency range of 0.01-15 rad/s. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of LMW welan gum production and characterization. These results provide references for LMW welan gum applications, and likely applicable for other biopolymers production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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12
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In Vivo Transcriptome of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Colonization Impact on Murine Host Intestinal Gene Expression. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03399-20. [PMID: 33500337 PMCID: PMC7858073 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03399-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a probiotic strain commonly used in dairy products and dietary supplements. Postgenome in vitro studies of NCFM thus far have linked potential key genotypes to its probiotic-relevant attributes, including gut survival, prebiotic utilization, host interactions, and immunomodulatory activities. To corroborate and extend beyond previous in vivo and in vitro functional studies, we employed a dual RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptomic approach to identify genes potentially driving the gut fitness and activities of L. acidophilus NCFM in vivo, and in parallel, examine the ileal transcriptional response of its murine hosts during monocolonization. Spatial expression profiling of NCFM from the ileum through the colon revealed a set of 134 core genes that were consistently overexpressed during gut transit. These in vivo core genes are predominantly involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and nucleotides, along with mucus-binding proteins and adhesion factors, confirming their functionally important roles in nutrient acquisition and gut retention. Functional characterization of the highly expressed major S-layer-encoding gene established its indispensable role as a cell shape determinant and maintenance of cell surface integrity, essential for viability and probiotic attributes. Host colonization by L. acidophilus resulted in significant downregulation of several proinflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins. Genes related to redox signaling, mucin glycosylation, and circadian rhythm modulation were induced, suggesting impacts on intestinal development and immune functions. Metagenomic analysis of NCFM populations postcolonization demonstrated the genomic stability of L. acidophilus as a gut transient and further established its safety as a probiotic and biotherapeutic delivery platform.IMPORTANCE To date, our basis for comprehending the probiotic mechanisms of Lactobacillus acidophilus, one of the most widely consumed probiotic microbes, was largely limited to in vitro functional genomic studies. Using a germfree murine colonization model, in vivo-based transcriptional studies provided the first view of how L. acidophilus survives in the mammalian gut environment, including gene expression patterns linked to survival, efficient nutrient acquisition, stress adaptation, and host interactions. Examination of the host ileal transcriptional response, the primary effector site of L. acidophilus, has also shed light into the mechanistic roles of this probiotic microbe in promoting anti-inflammatory responses, maintaining intestinal epithelial homeostasis and modulation of the circadian-metabolic axis in its host.
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13
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Tytgat HLP, Rasinkangas P, Ritari J, Reunanen J, Aalvink S, Lin CW, Palva A, Douillard FP, de Vos WM. Selection and characterization of a SpaCBA pilus-secreting food-grade derivative of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1123-1131. [PMID: 33417041 PMCID: PMC7843469 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have established the functional properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, previously known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, marketed worldwide as a probiotic. The extraordinary capacity of L. rhamnosus GG to bind to human mucus and influence the immune system especially stand out. Earlier, we have shown the key role of its SpaCBA sortase-dependent pili encoded by the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster herein. These heterotrimeric pili consist of a shaft pilin SpaA, a basal pilin SpaB, and tip pilin SpaC that contains a mucus-binding domain. Here, we set out to characterize a food-grade non-GMO mutant of L. rhamnosus GG, strain PA11, which secretes its pilins, rather than coupling them to the cell surface, due to a defect in the housekeeping sortase A. The sortase-negative strain PA11 was extensively characterized using functional genomics and biochemical approaches and found to secrete the SpaCBA pili into the supernatant. Given the functional importance and uniqueness of the mucus-binding pili of L. rhamnosus GG, strain PA11 offers novel opportunities towards the characterization and further therapeutic application of SpaCBA pili and their low-cost, large-scale production. •Creation of pilus-secreting mutant (PA11) of the key probiotic LGG. •Strain PA11 is defective in a functional housekeeping sortase SrtA. •Strain PA11 opens novel biotherapeutic application avenues. Graphical abstract![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne L P Tytgat
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pia Rasinkangas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Jarmo Ritari
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Steven Aalvink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Airi Palva
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - François P Douillard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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14
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Klotz C, Goh YJ, O'Flaherty S, Barrangou R. S-layer associated proteins contribute to the adhesive and immunomodulatory properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:248. [PMID: 32787778 PMCID: PMC7425073 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface layers (S-layers) are two-dimensional crystalline arrays of repeating proteinaceous subunits that form the outermost layer of many bacterial cell envelopes. Within the Lactobacillus genus, S-layer presence is frequently associated with probiotic-relevant properties such as improved adherence to host epithelial cells and modulation of the immune response. However, recent studies have demonstrated that certain S-layer functions may be supplemented by a novel subset of proteins embedded within its lattice, termed S-layer associated proteins (SLAPs). In the following study, four Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM SLAPs (LBA0046, LBA0864, LBA1426, and LBA1539) were selected for in silico and phenotypic assessment. RESULTS Despite lacking any sequence similarity or catalytic domains that may indicate function, the genes encoding the four proteins of interest were shown to be unique to S-layer-forming, host-adapted lactobacilli species. Likewise, their corresponding deletion mutants exhibited broad, host-relevant phenotypes including decreased inflammatory profiles and reduced adherence to Caco-2 intestinal cells, extracellular matrices, and mucin in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data presented in this study collectively links several previously uncharacterized extracellular proteins to roles in the underlying host adaptive mechanisms of L. acidophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Klotz
- Genomic Sciences Graduate Program North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yong Jun Goh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sarah O'Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Genomic Sciences Graduate Program North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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15
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Wu Z, Wu J, Lang F, Cai Z, Zeng X, Guo Y, Liu X, Pan D. Characterization of the sortase A from Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 involved in adherence to intestinal cells. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:485-496. [PMID: 32476478 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Confirmation of the enzymatic activity of Class A sortase (SrtA) in probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus associated with the adhesion properties. Materials & methods: SrtA from L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 was purified and its enzymatic properties was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis approach and the sensitivity to metal ions was also detected. Results: SrtA of L. acidophilus ATCC4356 can recognize LPxTG and LPxTD sorting motifs. The active sites of SrtA include His137, Cys198 and Arg205. Furthermore, acacetin can increase the activity of SrtA, while phenyl vinyl sulfone could effectively inhibit the activity of SrtA with an IC50 of 143.32 μg/ml. The adhesion ability of L. acidophilus was also decreased resulting from the inhibition of SrtA activity. Conclusion: The unique properties of SrtA of L. acidophilus can provide some insights into the development of high-adhesion Lactobacillus strains in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Fengxuan Lang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhendong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China
| | - Xiaotao Liu
- Ningbo Dairy Group, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.,National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, PR China
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16
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S-layer protein modulates the stimulatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6074 by triggering PKC signaling cascade in RAW 264.7 cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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17
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Zuo F, Appaswamy A, Gebremariam HG, Jonsson AB. Role of Sortase A in Lactobacillus gasseri Kx110A1 Adhesion to Gastric Epithelial Cells and Competitive Exclusion of Helicobacter pylori. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2770. [PMID: 31849907 PMCID: PMC6902081 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Lactobacillus gasseri Kx110A1, a human stomach isolate, can colonize mouse stomach and reduce the initial colonization of Helicobacter pylori. Here, we investigated the role of sortase-dependent proteins (SDPs) involved in these functions by the construction of a mutant for srtA, the gene encoding the housekeeping sortase that covalently anchors SDPs to the cell surface. The srtA mutant showed a decrease in hydrophobicity and autoaggregation under acidic conditions, indicating the effect of SDPs on cell surface properties. Correspondingly, the srtA mutant lost the capacity to adhere to gastric epithelial cells, thus resulting in an inability to provide a physical barrier to prevent H. pylori adherence. These results indicate that sortase A is a key determinant of the cell surface properties of L. gasseri Kx110A1 and contributes to Lactobacillus-mediated exclusion of H. pylori. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which lactobacilli antagonize H. pylori might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies that take advantage of health-promoting bacteria and reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglei Zuo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amulya Appaswamy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna G Gebremariam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Beth Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Reanalysis of Lactobacillus paracasei Lbs2 Strain and Large-Scale Comparative Genomics Places Many Strains into Their Correct Taxonomic Position. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110487. [PMID: 31731444 PMCID: PMC6920896 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei are diverse Gram-positive bacteria that are very closely related to Lactobacillus casei, belonging to the Lactobacillus casei group. Due to extreme genome similarities between L. casei and L. paracasei, many strains have been cross placed in the other group. We had earlier sequenced and analyzed the genome of Lactobacillus paracasei Lbs2, but mistakenly identified it as L. casei. We re-analyzed Lbs2 reads into a 2.5 MB genome that is 91.28% complete with 0.8% contamination, which is now suitably placed under L. paracasei based on Average Nucleotide Identity and Average Amino Acid Identity. We took 74 sequenced genomes of L. paracasei from GenBank with assembly sizes ranging from 2.3 to 3.3 MB and genome completeness between 88% and 100% for comparison. The pan-genome of 75 L. paracasei strains hold 15,945 gene families (21,5232 genes), while the core genome contained about 8.4% of the total genes (243 gene families with 18,225 genes) of pan-genome. Phylogenomic analysis based on core gene families revealed that the Lbs2 strain has a closer relationship with L. paracasei subsp. tolerans DSM20258. Finally, the in-silico analysis of the L. paracasei Lbs2 genome revealed an important pathway that could underpin the production of thiamin, which may contribute to the host energy metabolism.
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19
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Probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains possess safety characteristics, antiviral activities and host adherence factors revealed by genome mining. EPMA J 2019; 10:337-350. [PMID: 31832110 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-019-00184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Probiotics belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp. have been exploited for their health benefits in treatment and prevention of many pathological conditions and promoting human health. Recent advances in understanding probiotics-human interaction through microbiome research in the context of various medical conditions suggest their provisional role in preventive, personalized, and predictive medicine. To streamline their application in disease prevention, development of personalized-based treatments, or their use as biomarkers for predictive diagnosis, in vitro screening for strains with potential probiotic properties should be performed. In this work, we aimed to emphasize the probiotic features of four Lactobacillus and two Bifidobacterium probiotic strains which showed antagonistic properties against microbial pathogens. Methods Firstly, cytotoxicity assessment of cell-free preparations from these strains was performed using a baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and cell viability was measured by means of sulfo-rhodamine B stain. Secondly, Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses which pose a great threat in infected poultry were used for assessing antiviral activity of probiotics. Thirdly, the genomes of six probiotic strains were used to identify genes encoding host adherence factors that mediate interaction with human tissues. Results Probiotic preparations exhibited insignificant toxicity as indicated by the high survival rate of BHK cells (surviving fraction varied from 0.82 to 0.99) as compared to the untreated control. Cell-free preparations of probiotics mixed with equal volume of ND and IBD viruses (106 and 104 Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50, respectively) reduced the titer of ND and IBD viruses on chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Genome mining analysis revealed that the draft genomes of these strains were predicted to encode LPXTG-containing proteins, surface layer proteins, tight adherence pili, sortase-dependent pili, fibronectin, or collagen binding proteins and other factors that adhere to human tissues such as mucus. Such adherence factors enable probiotic bacteria to interact and colonize the host. Conclusion Taken together, safety privileges, antiviral activities, and genomically encoded host interaction factors confirmed probiotic features of the six probiotic strains and their potential in promoting human health.
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20
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Wehrli PM, Uzelac I, Olsson T, Jacso T, Tietze D, Gottfries J. Discovery and development of substituted thiadiazoles as inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115043. [PMID: 31420255 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput screening of small-molecule libraries has led to the identification of thiadiazoles as a new class of inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus sortase A (SrtA). N-(5-((4-nitrobenzyl)thio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)nicotinamide (IC50 = 3.8 µM) was identified as a potent inhibitor of SrtA after synthetic modification of hit compounds. Additional ligands developed in this study displayed affinities in the low micromolar range without affecting bacterial growth in vitro. The study also suggest a new mode of action through covalent binding to the active site cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Wehrli
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivana Uzelac
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Jacso
- Structure & Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D, Sweden; Early Discovery, Department of Biology, Nuevolution AB, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tietze
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Gottfries
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Sortase-Dependent Proteins Promote Gastrointestinal Colonization by Enterococci. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00853-18. [PMID: 30804098 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00853-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is inhabited by a dense microbial community of symbionts. Enterococci are among the earliest members of this community and remain core members of the GIT microbiota throughout life. Enterococci have also recently emerged as opportunistic pathogens and major causes of nosocomial infections. Although recognized as a prerequisite for infection, colonization of the GIT by enterococci remains poorly understood. One way that bacteria adapt to dynamic ecosystems like the GIT is through the use of their surface proteins to sense and interact with components of their immediate environment. In Gram-positive bacteria, a subset of surface proteins relies on an enzyme called sortase for covalent attachment to the cell wall. Here, we show that the housekeeping sortase A (SrtA) enzyme promotes intestinal colonization by enterococci. Furthermore, we show that the enzymatic activity of SrtA is key to the ability of Enterococcus faecalis to bind mucin (a major component of the GIT mucus). We also report the GIT colonization phenotypes of E. faecalis mutants lacking selected sortase-dependent proteins (SDPs). Further examination of the mucin binding ability of these mutants suggests that adhesion to mucin contributes to intestinal colonization by E. faecalis.
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22
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Harnessing CRISPR-Cas systems for precision engineering of designer probiotic lactobacilli. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 56:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Abstract
The Klaenhammer group at North Carolina State University pioneered genomic applications in food microbiology and beneficial lactic acid bacteria used as starter cultures and probiotics. Dr. Todd Klaenhammer was honored to be the first food scientist elected to the National Academy of Sciences (2001). The program was recognized with the highest research awards presented by the American Dairy Science Association (Borden Award 1996), the Institute of Food Technologists (Nicholas Appert Medal, 2007), and the International Dairy Federation (Eli Metchnikoff Award in Biotechnology, 2010) as well as with the Outstanding Achievement Award from the University of Minnesota (2001) and the Oliver Max Gardner Award (2009) for outstanding research across the 16-campus University of North Carolina system. Dr. Klaenhammer is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Dairy Science Association, and the Institute of Food Technology. Over his career, six of his PhD graduate students were awarded the annual Kenneth Keller award for the outstanding PhD dissertation that year in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. He championed the use of basic microbiology and genomic approaches to set a platform for translational applications of beneficial microbes in foods and their use in food preservation and probiotics and as oral delivery vehicles for vaccines and biotherapeutics. Dr. Klaenhammer was also a founding and co-chief editor of the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Robert Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA;
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Anti-inflammatory activity of surface layer protein SlpA of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC 6074 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and DSS-induced mice colitis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Wu Z, Wang G, Wang W, Pan D, Peng L, Lian L. Proteomics Analysis of the Adhesion Activity ofLactobacillus acidophilusATCC 4356 Upon Growth in an Intestine-Like pH Environment. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700308. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; Marine Science School; Ningbo University; Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; Marine Science School; Ningbo University; Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; Marine Science School; Ningbo University; Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; Marine Science School; Ningbo University; Ningbo P. R. China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; Jinling College; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing P.R. China
| | - Liuyang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province; Marine Science School; Ningbo University; Ningbo P. R. China
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Sanders ME, Benson A, Lebeer S, Merenstein DJ, Klaenhammer TR. Shared mechanisms among probiotic taxa: implications for general probiotic claims. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 49:207-216. [PMID: 29128720 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Strain-specificity of probiotic effects has been a cornerstone principle of probiotic science for decades. Certainly, some important mechanisms are present in only a few probiotic strains. But scientific advances now reveal commonalities among members of certain taxonomic groups of probiotic microbes. Some clinical benefits likely derive from these shared mechanisms, suggesting that sub-species-specific, species-specific or genus-specific probiotic effects exist. Human trials are necessary to confirm specific health benefits. However, a strain that has not been tested in human efficacy trials may meet the minimum definition of the term 'probiotic' if it is a member of a well-studied probiotic species expressing underlying core mechanisms and it is delivered at an effective dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, United States.
| | - Andrew Benson
- Nebraska Food for Health Center and Department of Food Science and Technology, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, United States
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Todd R Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, United States
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High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus casei Strain Z11, Isolated from a Human Adult Intestinal Biopsy Sample. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/28/e00634-17. [PMID: 28705981 PMCID: PMC5511920 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00634-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several Lactobacillus casei strains are used as probiotics. L. casei strain Z11, isolated from a human colon biopsy sample, has been suggested as a probiotic candidate based on promising properties in vitro Here, we present a 2.74-Mbp high-quality draft genome sequence for this strain.
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Johnson BR, O'Flaherty S, Goh YJ, Carroll I, Barrangou R, Klaenhammer TR. The S-layer Associated Serine Protease Homolog PrtX Impacts Cell Surface-Mediated Microbe-Host Interactions of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1185. [PMID: 28713337 PMCID: PMC5491966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Health-promoting aspects attributed to probiotic microorganisms, including adhesion to intestinal epithelia and modulation of the host mucosal immune system, are mediated by proteins found on the bacterial cell surface. Notably, certain probiotic and commensal bacteria contain a surface (S-) layer as the outermost stratum of the cell wall. S-layers are non-covalently bound semi-porous, crystalline arrays of self-assembling, proteinaceous subunits called S-layer proteins (SLPs). Recent evidence has shown that multiple proteins are non-covalently co-localized within the S-layer, designated S-layer associated proteins (SLAPs). In Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, SLP and SLAPs have been implicated in both mucosal immunomodulation and adhesion to the host intestinal epithelium. In this study, a S-layer associated serine protease homolog, PrtX (prtX, lba1578), was deleted from the chromosome of L. acidophilus NCFM. Compared to the parent strain, the PrtX-deficient strain (ΔprtX) demonstrated increased autoaggregation, an altered cellular morphology, and pleiotropic increases in adhesion to mucin and fibronectin, in vitro. Furthermore, ΔprtX demonstrated increased in vitro immune stimulation of IL-6, IL-12, and IL-10 compared to wild-type, when exposed to mouse dendritic cells. Finally, in vivo colonization of germ-free mice with ΔprtX led to an increase in epithelial barrier integrity. The absence of PrtX within the exoproteome of a ΔprtX strain caused morphological changes, resulting in a pleiotropic increase of the organisms’ immunomodulatory properties and interactions with some intestinal epithelial cell components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant R Johnson
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Sarah O'Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Yong Jun Goh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Ian Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, United States.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States
| | - Todd R Klaenhammer
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, RaleighNC, United States.,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, United States
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29
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Selle K, Goh YJ, Johnson BR, O'Flaherty S, Andersen JM, Barrangou R, Klaenhammer TR. Deletion of Lipoteichoic Acid Synthase Impacts Expression of Genes Encoding Cell Surface Proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:553. [PMID: 28443071 PMCID: PMC5387067 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a well-characterized probiotic microorganism, supported by a decade of genomic and functional phenotypic investigations. L. acidophilus deficient in lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major immunostimulant in Gram-positive bacteria, has been shown to shift immune system responses in animal disease models. However, the pleiotropic effects of removing LTA from the cell surface in lactobacilli are unknown. In this study, we surveyed the global transcriptional and extracellular protein profiles of two strains of L. acidophilus deficient in LTA. Twenty-four differentially expressed genes specific to the LTA-deficient strains were identified, including a predicted heavy metal resistance operon and several putative peptidoglycan hydrolases. Cell morphology and manganese sensitivity phenotypes were assessed in relation to the putative functions of differentially expressed genes. LTA-deficient L. acidophilus exhibited elongated cellular morphology and their growth was severely inhibited by elevated manganese concentrations. Exoproteomic surveys revealed distinct changes in the composition and relative abundances of several extracellular proteins and showed a bias of intracellular proteins in LTA-deficient strains of L. acidophilus. Taken together, these results elucidate the impact of ltaS deletion on the transcriptome and extracellular proteins of L. acidophilus, suggesting roles of LTA in cell morphology and ion homeostasis as a structural component of the Gram positive cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Selle
- Functional Genomics Graduate Program, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yong J Goh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Brant R Johnson
- Microbiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Sarah O'Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Joakim M Andersen
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Functional Genomics Graduate Program, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
| | - Todd R Klaenhammer
- Functional Genomics Graduate Program, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA.,Microbiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State UniversityRaleigh, NC, USA
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30
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Bene KP, Kavanaugh DW, Leclaire C, Gunning AP, MacKenzie DA, Wittmann A, Young ID, Kawasaki N, Rajnavolgyi E, Juge N. Lactobacillus reuteri Surface Mucus Adhesins Upregulate Inflammatory Responses Through Interactions With Innate C-Type Lectin Receptors. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:321. [PMID: 28326063 PMCID: PMC5339304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate gut symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri exhibits strain-specific adhesion and health-promoting properties. Here, we investigated the role of the mucus adhesins, CmbA and MUB, upon interaction of L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 and ATCC 53608 strains with human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). We showed that mucus adhesins increased the capacity of L. reuteri strains to interact with moDCs and promoted phagocytosis. Our data also indicated that mucus adhesins mediate anti- and pro-inflammatory effects by the induction of interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 cytokines. L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 and ATCC 53608 were exclusively able to induce moDC-mediated Th1 and Th17 immune responses. We further showed that purified MUB activates moDCs and induces Th1 polarized immune responses associated with increased IFNγ production. MUB appeared to mediate these effects via binding to C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), as shown using cell reporter assays. Blocking moDCs with antibodies against DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) or Dectin-2 did not affect the uptake of the MUB-expressing strain, but reduced the production of TNF-α and IL-6 by moDCs significantly, in line with the Th1 polarizing capacity of moDCs. The direct interaction between MUB and CLRs was further confirmed by atomic force spectroscopy. Taken together these data suggest that mucus adhesins expressed at the cell surface of L. reuteri strains may exert immunoregulatory effects in the gut through modulating the Th1-promoting capacity of DCs upon interaction with C-type lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián P Bene
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Devon W Kavanaugh
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
| | - Charlotte Leclaire
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
| | - Allan P Gunning
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
| | - Donald A MacKenzie
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
| | | | - Ian D Young
- Food and Health Programme, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
| | | | - Eva Rajnavolgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nathalie Juge
- The Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research Norwich, UK
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Arena MP, Capozzi V, Spano G, Fiocco D. The potential of lactic acid bacteria to colonize biotic and abiotic surfaces and the investigation of their interactions and mechanisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2641-2657. [PMID: 28213732 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria that comprise several species which have evolved in close association with humans (food and lifestyle). While their use to ferment food dates back to very ancient times, in the last decades, LAB have attracted much attention for their documented beneficial properties and for potential biomedical applications. Some LAB are commensal that colonize, stably or transiently, host mucosal surfaces, inlcuding the gut, where they may contribute to host health. In this review, we present and discuss the main factors enabling LAB adaptation to such lifestyle, including the gene reprogramming accompanying gut colonization, the specific bacterial components involved in adhesion and interaction with host, and how the gut niche has shaped the genome of intestine-adapted species. Moreover, the capacity of LAB to colonize abiotic surfaces by forming structured communities, i.e., biofilms, is briefly discussed, taking into account the main bacterial and environmental factors involved, particularly in relation to food-related environments. The vast spread of LAB surface-associated communities and the ability to control their occurrence hold great potentials for human health and food safety biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pia Arena
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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Ruiz L, Hidalgo C, Blanco-Míguez A, Lourenço A, Sánchez B, Margolles A. Tackling probiotic and gut microbiota functionality through proteomics. J Proteomics 2016; 147:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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AcmB Is an S-Layer-Associated β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase and Functional Autolysin in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5687-97. [PMID: 27422832 PMCID: PMC5007774 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02025-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autolysins, also known as peptidoglycan hydrolases, are enzymes that hydrolyze specific bonds within bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan during cell division and daughter cell separation. Within the genome of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, there are 11 genes encoding proteins with peptidoglycan hydrolase catalytic domains, 9 of which are predicted to be functional. Notably, 5 of the 9 putative autolysins in L. acidophilus NCFM are S-layer-associated proteins (SLAPs) noncovalently colocalized along with the surface (S)-layer at the cell surface. One of these SLAPs, AcmB, a β-N-acetylglucosaminidase encoded by the gene lba0176 (acmB), was selected for functional analysis. In silico analysis revealed that acmB orthologs are found exclusively in S-layer- forming species of Lactobacillus. Chromosomal deletion of acmB resulted in aberrant cell division, autolysis, and autoaggregation. Complementation of acmB in the ΔacmB mutant restored the wild-type phenotype, confirming the role of this SLAP in cell division. The absence of AcmB within the exoproteome had a pleiotropic effect on the extracellular proteins covalently and noncovalently bound to the peptidoglycan, which likely led to the observed decrease in the binding capacity of the ΔacmB strain for mucin and extracellular matrices fibronectin, laminin, and collagen in vitro. These data suggest a functional association between the S-layer and the multiple autolysins noncovalently colocalized at the cell surface of L. acidophilus NCFM and other S-layer-producing Lactobacillus species. IMPORTANCELactobacillus acidophilus is one of the most widely used probiotic microbes incorporated in many dairy foods and dietary supplements. This organism produces a surface (S)-layer, which is a self-assembling crystalline array found as the outermost layer of the cell wall. The S-layer, along with colocalized associated proteins, is an important mediator of probiotic activity through intestinal adhesion and modulation of the mucosal immune system. However, there is still a dearth of information regarding the basic cellular and evolutionary function of S-layers. Here, we demonstrate that multiple autolysins, responsible for breaking down the cell wall during cell division, are associated with the S-layer. Deletion of the gene encoding one of these S-layer-associated autolysins confirmed its autolytic role and resulted in reduced binding capacity to mucin and intestinal extracellular matrices. These data suggest a functional association between the S-layer and autolytic activity through the extracellular presentation of autolysins.
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Arai T, Obuchi S, Eguchi K, Seto Y. In vitro investigation of molecules involved in Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 adhesion to host intestinal tract components. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1658-67. [PMID: 26999673 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The adhesion ability of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 was investigated in vitro by searching for its adhesion molecules. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 showed adherence to host components, including two commercially available mucins, Caco-2 epithelial-like cells and the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin (Fn). Its adhesion rates to host components were generally higher than those of other Lactobacillus strains. We examined sortase-dependent proteins (SDPs) anchored by a sortase enzyme encoded by srtA1. The adhesion rates of an srtA1 disruptant were lower than those of Lact. gasseri SBT2055, and the relative adherences were as follows: two mucins, 43 and 40%; Caco-2, 66% and Fn, 28%. Seven additional gene disruptants were generated to determine the precise SDPs that contribute to adhesion to each component. CONCLUSIONS The adhesion ability of Lact. gasseri SBT2055 was superior to those of other Lactobacillus strains. Additionally, four adhesion molecules were newly identified from candidate SDPs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Although the contribution of SDPs to adhesion has been reported using sortase gene disruptants, this is the first report to identify the precise SDPs that act as adhesion molecules. Our results will contribute to achieving better understanding of probiotic bacterial adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arai
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - S Obuchi
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Eguchi
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Y Seto
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe-shi, Saitama, Japan
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Kebouchi M, Galia W, Genay M, Soligot C, Lecomte X, Awussi AA, Perrin C, Roux E, Dary-Mourot A, Le Roux Y. Implication of sortase-dependent proteins of Streptococcus thermophilus in adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cell lines and bile salt tolerance. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:3667-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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