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Leonel ECR, Dadashzadeh A, Moghassemi S, Vlieghe H, Wyns C, Orellana R, Amorim CA. New Solutions for Old Problems: How Reproductive Tissue Engineering Has Been Revolutionizing Reproductive Medicine. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2143-2171. [PMID: 37468688 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Acquired disorders and congenital defects of the male and female reproductive systems can have profound impacts on patients, causing sexual and endocrine dysfunction and infertility, as well as psychosocial consequences that affect their self-esteem, identity, sexuality, and relationships. Reproductive tissue engineering (REPROTEN) is a promising approach to restore fertility and improve the quality of life of patients with reproductive disorders by developing, replacing, or regenerating cells, tissues, and organs from the reproductive and urinary systems. In this review, we explore the latest advancements in REPROTEN techniques and their applications for addressing degenerative conditions in male and female reproductive organs. We discuss current research and clinical outcomes and highlight the potential of 3D constructs utilizing biomaterials such as scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules. Our review offers a comprehensive guide for researchers and clinicians, providing insights into how to reestablish reproductive tissue structure and function using innovative surgical approaches and biomaterials. We highlight the benefits of REPROTEN for patients, including preservation of fertility and hormonal production, reconstruction of uterine and cervical structures, and restoration of sexual and urinary functions. Despite significant progress, REPROTEN still faces ethical and technical challenges that need to be addressed. Our review underscores the importance of continued research in this field to advance the development of effective and safe REPROTEN approaches for patients with reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C R Leonel
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Wyns
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renan Orellana
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, bte B1.55.03, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Reutov VP, Davydova LA, Sorokina EG. Tissue-Engineered Constructions in Biophysics, Neurology and Other Fields and Branches of Medicine. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2022; 67:816-834. [PMID: 36567971 PMCID: PMC9762671 DOI: 10.1134/s0006350922050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the gangliopexy method, a method for creating a new center of local neurohumoral regulation, based on the formation of new connections discovered between the nervous system and the vascular system. The prospects for the development of this method are studied. At the same time, novel concepts about the cycles of nitric oxide and the superoxide anion radical are introduced. A possible role of these cycles is examined in the protection of cells and the body as a whole against oxidative and nitrosative stress, which develops when (in 5-30% of cases) destructive changes in the displaced ganglion lead to vascular complications and an increased risk of mortality. Mechanisms that can protect nerve cells, prevent the development of destructive changes in these cells and reduce the risk of mortality are also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Reutov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117485 Moscow, Russia
| | - L. A. Davydova
- Belarusian State Medical University, 220116 Minsk, Belarus
| | - E. G. Sorokina
- National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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van der Merwe A, Toefy Y, Moosa MR, van Deventer H, Scott CJ. Living with someone else's penis: The lived experiences of two South African penile allograft recipients: A descriptive phenomenological study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 69:102794. [PMID: 34527236 PMCID: PMC8430241 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In South Africa, penile loss is a recognised complication of ritual circumcision which has a profoundly negative effect on these men's psyches and their everyday lives. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the experiences of the first two South African penile allograft transplantation recipients in order to assess the psychosocial impact of this surgery. Materials and methods A qualitative descriptive phenomenology approach was used. A total of four in-depth interviews were conducted with the two South African penile transplant recipients. The interviews were transcribed verbatim while adding the field and observational notes. Thematic analysis was used to derive meaning from the collected data. Results After the penile loss, both participants reported feeling suicidal for the following reasons: their communities shunned them and regarded them as ‘dead,’ they felt severely ashamed of their disfigured bodies, they were unable to develop intimate relationships and could not have children. Transplantation gave them a fully functional penis, which resolved the majority of these issues. The participants were able to build relationships and satisfy their own and their partners' sexual and relationship needs. The transplant led to complete restoration of their self-image and manhood. They were, however, still persecuted by their traditional communities as they had not successfully completed the ritual circumcision ceremony. Conclusion This study emphasises the necessity of offering penile transplantation as treatment for penile loss as this is not only life enhancing but lifesaving, especially within the South African context. Recipients fully accepted the transplanted penis as their own. Penile function was fully restored including sexual function and therefore the ability to reproduce. Penile transplantation had positive impact on recipients' psychological state and self-image. Despite need for lifelong immunosuppressants, recipients were satisfied with decision to have penile tansplant. The emotional and social transformation which occurred in the recipients were not only life-enhancing, but lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- André van der Merwe
- Room 4080, 4th Floor Clinical Building, Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Francie van Zijl Drive, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Yoesrie Toefy
- Division of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Rafique Moosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Heidi van Deventer
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Chantelle J Scott
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of urethral complications and outcomes in transgender men. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 75:10-24. [PMID: 34607781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urologic problems, such as urethral fistulas and strictures, are among the most frequent complications occurring after phalloplasty. Although many studies have reported successful phalloplasty and urethral reconstruction with reliable outcomes in transgender men, no method has become standardized so far. This study aimed to summarize the results of reports on urological complications and outcomes in transgender men with respect to various types of urethral reconstruction. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for studies related to phalloplasty in transsexuals. Data on various phallic urethral techniques, urethral complications, and outcomes were collected and analyzed using the random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 21 studies (1,566 patients) were included: eight studies (1,061 patients) on "tube-in-tube," nine studies (273 patients) on "prelaminated flap," and six studies (221 patients) on "second flap." Compared with the tube-in-tube technique, the prelaminated flap was associated with a significantly higher urethral stricture/stenosis rate; however, there was no difference between the prelaminated flap and the second flap techniques. For all phalloplasty patients, the pool rate of urethral fistula or stenosis is 48.9%, the rate of the ability to void while standing is 91.5%, occurrence rate of tactile or erogenous sensation is 88%, the prosthesis complication rate is 27.9%, and patient-reported satisfactory outcome rate is 90.5%. CONCLUSION Urethral reconstruction with a prelaminated flap was associated with a significantly higher urethral stricture rate and increased need of revision surgery compared with that observed using a skin flap. Overall, most patients were able to void while standing and were satisfied with the outcomes.
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Ghanbari E, Khazaei M, Ghahremani-Nasab M, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. Novel therapeutic approaches of tissue engineering in male infertility. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:31-42. [PMID: 32043209 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Male reproductive organ plays an important role in sperm production, maintenance and entry to the female reproductive tract, as well as generation and secretion of male sex hormones responsible for the health of male reproductive system. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the experimental and clinical evidence on the utilization of tissue engineering techniques in treating male infertility. Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine have developed new approaches to treat patients with reproductive disorders such as iatrogenic injuries, congenital abnormalities, and trauma. In some cases, including congenital defects and undescended testis or hypogonadism, the sperm samples are not retrieved. This makes TE a possible future strategy for restoration of male fertility. Here, we have summarized the recent advances in experimental and clinical application of cell-, tissue-, and organ-based regenerative medicine in male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Comprehensive Health Laboratory, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Andrew TW, Kanapathy M, Murugesan L, Muneer A, Kalaskar D, Atala A. Towards clinical application of tissue engineering for erectile penile regeneration. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:734-744. [PMID: 31649327 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Penile wounds after traumatic and surgical amputation require reconstruction in the form of autologous tissue transfers. However, currently used techniques are associated with high infection rates, implant erosion and donor site morbidity. The use of tissue-engineered neocorpora provides an alternative treatment option. Contemporary tissue-engineering strategies enable the seeding of a biomaterial scaffold and subsequent implantation to construct a neocorpus. Tissue engineering of penile tissue should focus on two main strategies: first, correcting the volume deficit for structural integrity in order to enable urinary voiding in the standing position and second, achieving erectile function for sexual activity. The functional outcomes of the neocorpus can be addressed by optimizing the use of stem cells and scaffolds, or alternatively, the use of gene therapy. Current research in penile tissue engineering is largely restricted to rodent and rabbit models, but the use of larger animal models should be considered as a better representation of the anatomical and physiological function in humans. The development of a cell-seeded scaffold to achieve and maintain erection continues to be a considerable challenge in humans. However, advances in penile tissue engineering show great promise and, in combination with gene therapy and surgical techniques, have the potential to substantially improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom W Andrew
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Muholan Kanapathy
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Log Murugesan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Asif Muneer
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deepak Kalaskar
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Chung E. A Review of Current and Emerging Therapeutic Options for Erectile Dysfunction. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7090091. [PMID: 31470689 PMCID: PMC6780857 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7090091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Contemporary treatment algorithms for erectile dysfunction (ED) involve the use of medical therapies such as phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors and intracavernosal injection therapy of vasoactive agents, as well as vacuum erection devices and penile prosthesis implants in medically refractory cases. However, the current therapeutic options only address the symptoms of ED and not the underlying pathogenesis that results in ED. Newer and novel ED therapies aspire to reverse ED conditions by preventing cavernosal fibrosis, promoting endothelial revascularization and modulating various neuro-hormonal pathways. Regenerative therapeutic strategies such as low-intensity shock wave, gene and cellular-based therapies, and penile transplants are designed to improve penile hemodynamics and revitalize the cavernosal smooth muscle to mitigate and/or reverse underlying ED. This state-of-art article evaluates current and emerging therapeutic options for ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chung
- AndroUrology Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
- Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Ude CC, Miskon A, Idrus RBH, Abu Bakar MB. Application of stem cells in tissue engineering for defense medicine. Mil Med Res 2018; 5:7. [PMID: 29502528 PMCID: PMC6389246 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-018-0154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of modern warfare, including threats and injuries faced by soldiers, necessitates the development of countermeasures that address a wide variety of injuries. Tissue engineering has emerged as a field with the potential to provide contemporary solutions. In this review, discussions focus on the applications of stem cells in tissue engineering to address health risks frequently faced by combatants at war. Human development depends intimately on stem cells, the mysterious precursor to every kind of cell in the body that, with proper instruction, can grow and differentiate into any new tissue or organ. Recent reports have suggested the greater therapeutic effects of the anti-inflammatory, trophic, paracrine and immune-modulatory functions associated with these cells, which induce them to restore normal healing and tissue regeneration by modulating immune reactions, regulating inflammation, and suppressing fibrosis. Therefore, the use of stem cells holds significant promise for the treatment of many battlefield injuries and their complications. These applications include the treatment of injuries to the skin, sensory organs, nervous system tissues, the musculoskeletal system, circulatory/pulmonary tissues and genitals/testicles and of acute radiation syndrome and the development of novel biosensors. The new research developments in these areas suggest that solutions are being developed to reduce critical consequences of wounds and exposures suffered in warfare. Current military applications of stem cell-based therapies are already saving the lives of soldiers who would have died in previous conflicts. Injuries that would have resulted in deaths previously now result in wounds today; similarly, today's permanent wounds may be reduced to tomorrow's bad memories with further advances in stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinedu Cletus Ude
- Bio-artifical Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Miskon
- Bio-artifical Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Department of Physiology, Pre-clinical Block, National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Bin Abu Bakar
- Bio-artifical Organ and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Construction of engineered corpus cavernosum with primary mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18053. [PMID: 29273785 PMCID: PMC5741727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various methods have been used to reconstruct the penis. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of constructing engineered corpus cavernosum with primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a rabbit model in vitro. Acellular corporal matrices (ACMs) were obtained from adult rabbit penile tissues through an established decellularization procedure. MSCs were separated, purified, and then seeded on ACMs to construct engineered corpus cavernosum. The seeded ACMs were subsequently cultured in an incubator for 14 days. Histological analyses showed that MSCs seeded on the ACMs had proliferated and were well distributed. Detection of CD31, vWF, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and myosin protein as well as vWF and myosin mRNA revealed that the MSCs had differentiated into endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. In addition, cell morphology of the engineered corpus cavernosum was directly observed by transmission electron microscopy. This study demonstrated that engineered corpus cavernosum could be successfully constructed using primary MSCs in vitro. This technology represents another step towards developing engineered corpus cavernosum in vitro.
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Beilan JA, Manimala NJ, Slongo J, Loeb A, Spiess PE, Carrion RE. Surgical Reconstruction After Penile Cancer Surgery. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-017-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vocht DE, Kemp V, Iljas J, Bosch JR, Kort LM, Graaf P. A systematic review on cell‐seeded tissue engineering of penile corpora. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:687-694. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien E.C.M. Vocht
- Department of UrologyUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Kemp
- Department of UrologyUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - J.D. Iljas
- Department of UrologyUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - J.L.H. Ruud Bosch
- Department of UrologyUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Laetitia M.O. Kort
- Department of UrologyUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Petra Graaf
- Department of UrologyUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
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Chen C, Zheng S, Zhang X, Dai P, Gao Y, Nan L, Zhang Y. Transplantation of Amniotic Scaffold-Seeded Mesenchymal Stem Cells and/or Endothelial Progenitor Cells From Bone Marrow to Efficiently Repair 3-cm Circumferential Urethral Defect in Model Dogs. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 24:47-56. [PMID: 28363256 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment options for patients with a urethral defect are limited by the availability of autologous tissues. We hypothesized that transplantation of decellularized human amniotic scaffolds (dHAS) seeded with allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) and/or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may serve as a promising repair strategy for long segment of circumferential urethral defect. To verify the hypothesis, with urinary catheterization, a 3-cm segment of whole urethra in 25 male mongrel dogs was excised and replaced by dHAS seeded with allogeneic BMSCs and/or EPCs. Postoperative observation and ascending urethrogram found that dHAS+BMSCs+EPCs and dHAS+EPCs groups demonstrated unhindered urination and capacious urethral caliber, which were similar to the normal group, while urethrostenosis was revealed in dHAS+BMSCs, dHAS, and sham-operated groups, with the shortest narrow section in dHAS+BMSCs group and the longest in sham-operated group. Urethral anatomy check and histological analyses showed that new urethral mucosa composed of stratified columnar epithelium completely covered on the inner surface of the graft site in dHAS+BMSCs+EPCs and dHAS+EPCs groups, but the middle epithelium was thin in dHAS+EPCs group, while incompletely covered in dHAS+BMSCs, dHAS, and sham-operated groups, and there were monolayer epithelial cells at the urethrostenosis in dHAS+BMSCs and dHAS groups. In addition, abundant new vessel and blood sinus showed at submucosa in dHAS+BMSCs+EPCs and dHAS+EPCs groups, instead of the scar tissue of collagen deposition and structural distortion at the urethrostenosis in dHAS+BMSCs, dHAS, and sham-operated groups. This study demonstrates that dHAS seeded with BMSCs+EPCs or EPCs can successfully repair a 3-cm circumferential urethral defect in model dogs, but the former works best. This technology may provide some references for human clinical trials on long segment of circumferential urethral defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling, China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling, China
| | - Pengxiu Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling, China
| | - Yongping Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling, China
| | - Liangliang Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University , Yangling, China
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Bickell M, Beilan J, Wallen J, Wiegand L, Carrion R. Advances in Surgical Reconstructive Techniques in the Management of Penile, Urethral, and Scrotal Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2017; 43:545-559. [PMID: 27717440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the most up-to-date surgical treatment options for the reconstructive management of patients with penile, urethral, and scrotal cancer. Each organ system is examined individually. Techniques and discussion for penile cancer reconstruction include Mohs surgery, glans resurfacing, partial and total glansectomy, and phalloplasty. Included in the penile cancer reconstruction section is the use of penile prosthesis in phalloplasty patients after penectomy, tissue engineering in phallic regeneration, and penile transplantation. Reconstruction following treatment of primary urethral carcinoma and current techniques for scrotal cancer reconstruction using split-thickness skin grafts and flaps are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bickell
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Beilan
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jared Wallen
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lucas Wiegand
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rafael Carrion
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Peng G, Liu H, Fan Y. Biomaterial Scaffolds for Reproductive Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:1592-1607. [PMID: 28004214 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive system usually involves gamete producing gonads, a series of specialized ducts, accessory glands and the external genitalia. Despite there are many traditional methods such as hormonal and surgical approaches, at present no effective treatments exist to help patients suffering from serious diseases of reproductive system, including congenital and acquired abnormalities, malignant tumor, traumatic, infectious etiologies, inflammation and iatrogenic injuries. Tissue engineering holds promise for reproductive medicine through the development of biological alternative. Till now, a diverse range of biomaterials have been utilized as suitable substrates to match both the mechanical and biological context of reproductive tissues. The current review will focus mainly on the applications of biomaterial scaffolds and their major achievements in each region of reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Peng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Xue Yuan Road No. 37, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Xue Yuan Road No. 37, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Xue Yuan Road No. 37, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
- National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China.
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Egydio FM, Filho Freitas LG, Sayeg K, Laks M, Oliveira AS, Almeida FG. Acellular human glans extracellular matrix as a scaffold for tissue engineering: in vitro cell support and biocompatibility. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 41:990-1001. [PMID: 26689526 PMCID: PMC4756977 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Diseases of the genitourinary tract can lead to significant damage. Current reconstructive techniques are limited by tissue availability and compatibility. This study aims to assess if the decellularized human glans can be used as a biomaterial for penile reconstruction. Materials and Methods: Samples of the glans matrices were descellularized. We evaluate the presence of collagen type I and III, and elastic fibers. Biocompatibility assays were performed to assess the cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic interactions between the acellular matrix and 3T3 cells. The matrices were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells and were assessed for viability and integration of these cells. Biomechanical tests in native tissue, descellularized matrix and seeded matrix were performed to characterize their biomechanical properties. Results: The tissue architecture of the decellularized matrix of human glans was preserved as well as the maintenance of the biomechanical and biological properties. The analyzes of glans seeded with mesenchymal stem cells revealed the integration of these cells to the matrices, and its viability during two weeks “in vitro”. Conclusion: The decellularization process did not alter the biological and biomechanical characteristics of the human glans. When these matrices were seeded they were able to maintain the cells integrity and vitality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Egydio
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz G Filho Freitas
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Kleber Sayeg
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcus Laks
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Andréia S Oliveira
- Departamento de Nefrologia Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fernando G Almeida
- Deparamento de Urologia Feminina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Ismail EA, El-Sakka AI. Innovative trends and perspectives for erectile dysfunction treatment: A systematic review. Arab J Urol 2016; 14:84-93. [PMID: 27493808 PMCID: PMC4963167 DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review contemporary knowledge concerning the innovative trends and perspectives in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods Medline was reviewed for English-language journal articles between January 2000 and March 2016, using the terms ‘erectile dysfunction treatments’, ‘new trends’ and ‘perspectives’. In all, 114 original articles and 16 review articles were found to be relevant. Of the 76 cited papers that met the inclusion criteria, 51 papers had level of evidence of 1a–2b, whilst 25 had level of evidence of 3–4. Criteria included all pertinent review articles, randomised controlled trials with tight methodological design, cohort studies, and retrospective analyses. We also manually reviewed references from selected articles. Results Several interesting studies have addressed novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), orodispersible tablets, their recent chronic use, and combination with other agents. A few controlled studies have addressed herbal medicine as a sole or additional treatment for ED. Experimental studies and exciting review papers have addressed stem cells as novel players in the field of ED treatment. Other recent articles have revised the current status of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy in the field of ED. A few articles without long-term data have addressed new technologies that included: external penile support devices, penile vibrators, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and endovascular tools for ED treatment. Conclusions The current treatment of ED is still far from ideal. We expect to see new drugs and technologies that may revolutionise ED treatment, especially in complex cases.
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Key Words
- (hUCB-)MSCs, (human umbilical cord blood) mesenchymal stem cells
- ADSCs, adipose tissue-derived stem cells
- ED, erectile dysfunction
- Erectile dysfunction
- FDA, USA Food and Drug Administration
- Herbal treatment
- ICI, intracavernosal injection
- LI-ESWT, low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy
- NO, nitric oxide
- PDE5 inhibitors
- PDE5Is, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
- RP, radical prostatectomy
- SC, stem cell
- Shockwave therapy
- Stem cells
- VED, vacuum erectile device
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- cNOS, constitutive nitric oxide synthase
- sGC, soluble guanylate cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzat A Ismail
- Department of Urology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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18
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Abstract
New discoveries and technological advances in medicine are rapid. The role of technology in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) will be widened and more options will be available in the years to come. These erectile technologies include external penile support devices, penile vibrators, low intensity extracorporeal shockwave, tissue engineering, nanotechnology and endovascular technology. Even for matured treatment modalities for ED, such as vacuum erectile devices and penile implants, there is new scientific information and novel technology available to improve their usage and to stimulate new ideas. We anticipate that erectile technologies may revolutionize ED treatment and in the very near future ED may become a curable condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haocheng Lin
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Run Wang
- Professor of Surgery (Urology), Cecil M. Crigler, MD, Chair in Urology, Director of Sexual Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston and MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Valderrama-Illana P, Oliveira AC, Arrabal-Polo MÁ. Ingeniería tisular en urología: tratamiento reconstructivo de estructuras peneanas. Rev Int Androl 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.androl.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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An G, Ji C, Wei Z, Chen H, Zhang J. Engineering of Corpus Cavernosum Using Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-expressing Muscle-derived Stem Cells Seeded on Acellular Corporal Collagen Matrices. Urology 2013; 81:424-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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