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Aleksandrowicz A, Kjærup RB, Grzymajło K, Martinez FG, Muñoz J, Borowska D, Sives S, Vervelde L, Dalgaard TS, Kingsley RA, Kolenda R. FdeC expression regulates motility and adhesion of the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain IMT5155. Vet Res 2024; 55:70. [PMID: 38822378 PMCID: PMC11143625 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) to changing host environments including virulence factors expression is vital for disease progression. FdeC is an autotransporter adhesin that plays a role in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) adhesion to epithelial cells. Expression of fdeC is known to be regulated by environmental conditions in UPEC and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The observation in a previous study that an APEC strain IMT5155 in which the fdeC gene was disrupted by a transposon insertion resulted in elevated adhesion to chicken intestinal cells prompted us to further explore the role of fdeC in infection. We found that the fdeC gene prevalence and FdeC variant prevalence differed between APEC and nonpathogenic E. coli genomes. Expression of the fdeC gene was induced at host body temperature, an infection relevant condition. Disruption of fdeC resulted in greater adhesion to CHIC-8E11 cells and increased motility at 42 °C compared to wild type (WT) and higher expression of multiple transporter proteins that increased inorganic ion export. Increased motility may be related to increased inorganic ion export since this resulted in downregulation of YbjN, a protein known to supress motility. Inactivation of fdeC in APEC strain IMT5155 resulted in a weaker immune response in chickens compared to WT in experimental infections. Our findings suggest that FdeC is upregulated in the host and contributes to interactions with the host by down-modulating motility during colonization. A thorough understanding of the regulation and function of FdeC could provide novel insights into E. coli pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Grzymajło
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Present Address: Cell Signaling and Clinical Proteomics Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Present Address: Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dominika Borowska
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick), School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Samantha Sives
- Present Address: Cell Signaling and Clinical Proteomics Group, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick), School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Robert A Kingsley
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
- Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
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El-Shenawy FA, El-Sherbeny EME, Kassem S. Efficacy of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles on virulence genes of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) in broilers. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:108. [PMID: 37542317 PMCID: PMC10401765 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colibacillosis is one of the broilers' most dominant bacterial diseases, either as a primary or a secondary infection. As E. coli antimicrobial drug resistance is rising; there is a need to develop new approaches to its control. In light of this, a comparative study of the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Arabic gum stabilized zinc and copper nanoparticles (AG-ZnNPs and AG-CuNPs) against PCR-identified field avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains and virulence genes (ibeA, hlyA, iss, pap C and ompA) was applied to study the therapeutic effect of zinc and copper nanoparticles to be used as an antibiotic alternative (Nanobiotic). Furthermore, the in-vivo effects of CuNPs were evaluated. Additionally, the CuNPs liver and muscle residues with or without infection were examined. The eighty broilers were divided into four groups; G1: negative control, G2: infected control with E. coli O17, G3: non-infected treated (AG-CuNPs 50 mg/kg body weight), and G4: infected treated (AG-CuNPs 50 mg/kg body weight). AG-CuNPs treatment was given to broilers for five days in drinking water. RESULTS E. coli was isolated from diseased broilers at an average incidence rate of 20% from intestinal and liver samples. All identified serotypes (O17, O78, O91, O121, and O159) were resistant to AG-ZnNPs and sensitive to AG-CuNPs. AG-CuNPs minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) for O17 were 7.5 and 60 mg/ml, respectively. Conventional uniplex PCR results showed that strain O17 contained virulence genes (ibeA, hlyA, iss, and papC), where AG-CuNPs significantly reduced the expression of all target genes when examined by Real-time quantitative PCR. Additionally, the bactericidal activity of AG-CuNPs on O17 was 100% at 20 minutes and 40 mg/ml and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, no mortality was recorded in treated groups compared to G2. Subsequently, no E. coli was re-isolated from the liver in the G4 after treatment. The total protein, albumin, globulin, and lysozyme activity were significantly increased in G4 compared to G2, while the activities of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) were markedly decreased in G4 compared to G2. Additionally, uric acid, creatinine, and C-reactive protein levels were decreased in G4 compared to G2. However, the liver enzymes, kidney functions, C-reactive protein levels, and Cu residues were non-significantly changed in G4 compared to G1. CONCLUSION Green synthesized AG-CuNPs are recommended as an effective antimicrobial alternative against APEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia A El-Shenawy
- Bacteriology unit, Tanta lab. (AHRI), Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M El El-Sherbeny
- Pharmacology unit, Tanta lab. (AHRI), Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Samr Kassem
- Nanomaterials research and Synthesis unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.
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Probiotics: Lactic Acid Bacteria have Antibacterial Activity and Downregulate Biofilm Genes of Uropathogenic E. coli. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are regarded as one of the most serious infections worldwide. Uro Pathogenic E. coli (UPEC) accounts for nearly 80% of UTI infections in females. This study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (l. acidophilus) and Lactobacillus plantarum (lb. plantarum) on multidrug-resistant E. coli obtained from urine samples. Complete bacteriological identification was conducted on 45 E. coli isolated from 80 urine samples of females with UTIs. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed on all isolates by nine antibiotics. Ten out of the 45 isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). L. acidophilus and Lb. plantarum showed marked inhibition of MDR E. coli isolates on agar by a diffusion method (16 ± 0.04: 23 ± 0.05 mm). Moreover, L. acidophilus and Lb. plantarum strains inhibited the ability of UPEC to form a biofilm by 56.3% and 39.63%, respectively. The expression of biofilm genes of E. coli are as follows: csgA, crl, csgD showed remarkable downregulation after treatment with probiotics suspension: 0.00364: 0.19078 fold, 0.0005: 0.1894 fold, and 0.0490: 0.0883 for L. acidophilus, respectively. On the other hand, downregulation of biofilm gene expression for csgA, crl, csgD after treatment with Lb. plantarum suspension were expressed by fold changes as follows: 0.0769: 0.3535 fold, 0.05440: 0.12940 fold, and 0.06745: 0.4146, respectively. These findings show that L. acidophilus and Lb. plantarum exhibit potent antibacterial and antibiofilm action against MDR UPEC at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, and appear to be a promising solution in therapeutic applications for recurrent and persistent UTIs.
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Sharaf M, Sewid AH, Hamouda HI, Elharrif MG, El-Demerdash AS, Alharthi A, Hashim N, Hamad AA, Selim S, Alkhalifah DHM, Hozzein WN, Abdalla M, Saber T. Rhamnolipid-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Multitarget Candidate against Major Foodborne E. coli Serotypes and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0025022. [PMID: 35852338 PMCID: PMC9430161 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00250-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-growing antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are emerging as a global health challenge due to dilemmas in clinical treatment. Furthermore, their pathogenesis, including increasingly serious antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, makes them challenging to treat by conventional therapy. Therefore, the development of novel antivirulence strategies will undoubtedly provide a path forward in combatting these resistant bacterial infections. In this regard, we developed novel biosurfactant-coated nanoparticles to combine the antiadhesive/antibiofilm properties of rhamnolipid (RHL)-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with each of the p-coumaric acid (p-CoA) and gallic acid (GA) antimicrobial drugs by using the most available polymer common coatings (PVA) to expand the range of effective antibacterial drugs, as well as a mechanism for their synergistic effect via a simple method of preparation. Mechanistically, the average size of bare Fe3O4 NPs was ~15 nm, while RHL-coated Fe3O4@PVA@p-CoA/GA was about ~254 nm, with a drop in zeta potential from -18.7 mV to -34.3 mV, which helped increase stability. Our data show that RHL-Fe3O4@PVA@p-CoA/GA biosurfactant NPs can remarkably interfere with bacterial growth and significantly inhibited biofilm formation to more than 50% via downregulating IcaABCD and CsgBAC operons, which are responsible for slime layer formation and curli fimbriae production in S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The novelty regarding the activity of RHL-Fe3O4@PVA@p-CoA/GA biosurfactant NPs reveals their potential effect as an alternative multitarget antivirulence candidate to minimize infection severity by inhibiting biofilm development. Therefore, they could be used in antibacterial coatings and wound dressings in the future. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance poses a great threat and challenge to humanity. Therefore, the search for alternative ways to target and eliminate microbes from plant, animal, and marine microorganisms is one of the world's concerns today. Furthermore, the extraordinary capacity of S. aureus and E. coli to resist standard antibacterial drugs is the dilemma of all currently used remedies. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) have become widespread, leading to no remedies being able to treat these threatening pathogens. The most widely recognized serotypes that cause severe foodborne illness are E. coli O157:H7, O26:H11, and O78:H10, and they display increasing antimicrobial resistance rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective therapy that has dual action to inhibit biofilm formation and decrease bacterial growth. In this study, the synthesized RHL-Fe3O4@PVA@p-CoA/GA biosurfactant NPs have interesting properties, making them excellent candidates for targeted drug delivery by inhibiting bacterial growth and downregulating biofilm-associated IcaABCD and CsgBAC gene loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alaa H. Sewid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - H. I. Hamouda
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G. Elharrif
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Afaf Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Hashim
- General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Anas Abdullah Hamad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al Maarif University College, Al Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Shendi University, Shendi, Nher Anile, Sudan
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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5
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Silva RM, Silva IMM, Jesus MC, Fernandes MDB, Oliveira FS, Evêncio-Neto J. Co-relationship between Escherichia coli in broiler cellulitis and liver lesions. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:714-718. [PMID: 32965333 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.230243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli may invade the subcutaneous tissue of poultry and cause cellulitis, whilst the pathogen may also cause lesions in internal organs such as the liver. Current paper co-relates Escherichia coli and virulence genes characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in broilers´ cellulitis and liver lesions. One hundred carcasses were retrieved from the production chain in an avian abattoir in the state of Bahia, Brazil, between August 2013 and January 2014, due to detection of cellulitis lesions. Cellulitis and liver samples were retrieved aseptically to quantify E. coli by Petrifilm™ count fast method (3M Company) (AOAC 998.8). Virulent genes iss and iutA were removed from E. coli isolates by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli was isolated from 82.0% of broilers removed from the production chain and the bacterium was concomitantly detected in cellulitis and liver lesions in 40.0% of broilers. E. coli counts ranged between 1.00 and 4.73 log CFU/g in liver lesions and between 2.00 and 9.00 log UFC/g in cellulitis lesions. Virulent genes iutA and iss were detected in 97.56% and 89.02% of E. coli isolates, respectively. Genotype analysis demonstrated the concomitant amplification of genes iutA and iss in 60.0% (n=40) of samples of cellulitis and liver lesions in which the simultaneous isolation of E. coli occurred. There was a positive and significant co-relationship (r=0.22; p<0.05) between the variables occurrence of E. coli isolated from liver samples and the occurrence of E. coli isolated from cellulitis lesions. There were also positive and significant co-relationships between populations of E. coli from liver isolates and cellulitis lesions (r=0.46; p<0.05) when E. coli isolated in the liver and in cellulitis lesions was detected. Since results showed a relationship between E. coli in cellulitis and liver lesions and possible systemic infection, the occurrence of cellulitis lesions as a criterion for total discarding of carcass may be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Silva
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia - UFRB, Complexo Multidisciplinar de Estudo e Pesquisa em Saúde, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - I M M Silva
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia - UFRB, Complexo Multidisciplinar de Estudo e Pesquisa em Saúde, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - M C Jesus
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias Ambientais e Biológicas - UFRB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agrícola, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
| | - M D B Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia - UFRB, Complexo Multidisciplinar de Estudo e Pesquisa em Saúde, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - F S Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia - UFRB, Complexo Multidisciplinar de Estudo e Pesquisa em Saúde, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - J Evêncio-Neto
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Histopatologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Mehat JW, van Vliet AHM, La Ragione RM. The Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) pathotype is comprised of multiple distinct, independent genotypes. Avian Pathol 2021; 50:402-416. [PMID: 34047644 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2021.1915960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian Pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry through morbidity, mortality and carcass condemnation, and impacts the welfare of poultry. Colibacillosis remains a complex disease to manage, hampered by diagnostic and classification strategies for E. coli that are inadequate for defining APEC. However, increased accessibility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) technology has enabled phylogenetic approaches to be applied to the classification of E. coli and genomic characterization of the most common APEC serotypes associated with colibacillosis O1, O2 and O78. These approaches have demonstrated that the O78 serotype is representative of two distinct APEC lineages, ST-23 in phylogroup C and ST-117 in phylogroup G. The O1 and O2 serotypes belong to a third lineage comprised of three sub-populations in phylogroup B2; ST-95, ST-140 and ST-428/ST-429. The frequency with which these genotypes are associated with colibacillosis implicates them as the predominant APEC populations and distinct from those causing incidental or opportunistic infections. The fact that these are disparate clusters from multiple phylogroups suggests that these lineages may have become adapted to the poultry niche independently. WGS studies have highlighted the limitations of traditional APEC classification and can now provide a path towards a robust and more meaningful definition of the APEC pathotype. Future studies should focus on characterizing individual APEC populations in detail and using this information to develop improved diagnostics and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai W Mehat
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Newman DM, Barbieri NL, de Oliveira AL, Willis D, Nolan LK, Logue CM. Characterizing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) from colibacillosis cases, 2018. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11025. [PMID: 33717713 PMCID: PMC7937341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a devastating disease of poultry that results in multi-million-dollar losses annually to the poultry industry. Disease syndromes associated with APEC includes colisepticemia, cellulitis, air sac disease, peritonitis, salpingitis, omphalitis, and osteomyelitis among others. A total of 61 APEC isolates collected during the Fall of 2018 (Aug-Dec) from submitted diagnostic cases of poultry diagnosed with colibacillosis were assessed for the presence of 44 virulence-associated genes, 24 antimicrobial resistance genes and 17 plasmid replicon types. Each isolate was also screened for its ability to form biofilm using the crystal violet assay and antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using the NARMS panel. Overall, the prevalence of virulence genes ranged from 1.6% to >90% with almost all strains harboring genes that are associated with the ColV plasmid-the defining trait of the APEC pathotype. Overall, 58 strains were able to form biofilms and only three strains formed negligible biofilms. Forty isolates displayed resistance to antimicrobials of the NARMS panel ranging from one to nine agents. This study highlights that current APEC causing disease in poultry possess virulence and resistance traits and form biofilms which could potentially lead to challenges in colibacillosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby M Newman
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicolle L Barbieri
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aline L de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dajour Willis
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Synergistic Activity of Equol and Meropenem against Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020161. [PMID: 33562526 PMCID: PMC7914716 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) seriously limits treatment options for bacterial infections. Combined drugs are an effective strategy to treat these resistant strains. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of equol and meropenem against carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. First, this study investigated the antibacterial activity of carbapenems on clinically isolated E. coli strains by analyzing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The E. coli strains were all resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. Therefore, we confirmed the cause of carbapenem resistance by detecting blaKPC and blaOXA-48 among the carbapenemase genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Checkerboard and time-kill analyses confirmed that equol restored the susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant E. coli to meropenem. Also, the transcription levels of specific carbapenemase genes in E. coli were significantly suppressed by equol. The study also evaluated the anti-virulence effects of equol on bacterial biofilm and motility through phenotypic and genotypic analyses. In conclusion, our results revealed that equol had a synergistic effect with meropenem on carbapenem-resistant E. coli. Therefore, this study suggests that equol is a promising antibiotic adjuvant that prevents the expression of carbapenemases and virulence factors in carbapenem-resistant E. coli.
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Kazibwe G, Katami P, Alinaitwe R, Alafi S, Nanteza A, Nakavuma JL. Bacteriophage activity against and characterisation of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from colibacillosis cases in Uganda. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239107. [PMID: 33320859 PMCID: PMC7737885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause colibacillosis leading to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. This laboratory-based study aimed at establishing stocks of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli lytic bacteriophages, for future development of cocktail products for colibacillosis management. The study determined the antibiotic susceptibility; phylogenetic categories, occurrence of selected serotypes and virulence genes among Escherichia coli stock isolates from chicken colibacillosis cases; and evaluated bacteriophage activity against the bacteria. Escherichia coli characterization was done through phenotypic and multiplex PCR methods. Bacteriophage isolation and preliminary characterization was achieved using the spot assay and overlay plating techniques. Fifty-six (56) isolates were phenotypically confirmed as E. coli and all exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent; while multi-drug resistance (at least three drugs) was encountered in 50 (89.3%) isolates. The APEC isolates mainly belonged to phylogroups A and D, representing 44.6% and 39.3%, respectively; whereas serotypes O1, O2 and O78 were not detected. Of the 56 isolates, 69.6% harbored at least one virulence gene, while 50% had at least four virulence genes; hence confirmed as APEC. Virulence genes, ompT and iutA were the most frequent in 33 (58.9%) and 32 (57.1%) isolates respectively; while iroN least occurred in 23 (41.1%) isolates. Seven lytic bacteriophages were isolated and their host range, at 1×108 PFU/ml, varied from 1.8% to 17.9% of the 56 APEC isolates, while the combined lytic spectrum was 25%. Phage stability was negatively affected by increasing temperatures with both UPEC04 and UPEC10 phages being undetectable at 70°C; whereas activity was detected between pH 2 and 12. The high occurrence of APEC isolates resistant against the commonly used antibiotics supports the need for alternative strategies of bacterial infections control in poultry. The low host range exhibited by the phages necessitates search for more candidates before in-depth phage characterization and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kazibwe
- School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Phionah Katami
- School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth Alinaitwe
- School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Alafi
- School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ann Nanteza
- School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jesca Lukanga Nakavuma
- School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- * E-mail: ,
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10
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Ali A, Kolenda R, Khan MM, Weinreich J, Li G, Wieler LH, Tedin K, Roggenbuck D, Schierack P. Novel Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Genes Responsible for Adhesion to Chicken and Human Cell Lines. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e01068-20. [PMID: 32769194 PMCID: PMC7531953 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01068-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a major bacterial pathogen of commercial poultry contributing to extensive economic losses and contamination of the food chain. One of the initial steps in bacterial infection and successful colonization of the host is adhesion to the host cells. A random transposon mutant library (n = 1,300) of APEC IMT 5155 was screened phenotypically for adhesion to chicken (CHIC-8E11) and human (LoVo) intestinal epithelial cell lines. The detection and quantification of adherent bacteria were performed by a modified APEC-specific antibody staining assay using fluorescence microscopy coupled to automated VideoScan technology. Eleven mutants were found to have significantly altered adhesion to the cell lines examined. Mutated genes in these 11 "adhesion-altered mutants" were identified by arbitrary PCR and DNA sequencing. The genes were amplified from wild-type APEC IMT 5155, cloned, and transformed into the respective adhesion-altered mutants, and complementation was determined in adhesion assays. Here, we report contributions of the fdtA, rluD, yjhB, ecpR, and fdeC genes of APEC in adhesion to chicken and human intestinal cell lines. Identification of the roles of these genes in APEC pathogenesis will contribute to prevention and control of APEC infections.IMPORTANCE Avian pathogenic E. coli is not only pathogenic for commercial poultry but can also cause foodborne infections in humans utilizing the same attachment and virulence mechanisms. Our aim was to identify genes of avian pathogenic E. coli involved in adhesion to chicken and human cells in order to understand the colonization and pathogenesis of these bacteria. In contrast to the recent studies based on genotypic and bioinformatics data, we have used a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches for identification of novel genes contributing to adhesion in chicken and human cell lines. Identification of adhesion factors remains important, as antibodies elicited against such factors have shown potential to block colonization and ultimately prevent disease as prophylactic vaccines. Therefore, the data will augment the understanding of disease pathogenesis and ultimately in designing strategies against the infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ali
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Muhammad Moman Khan
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Weinreich
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Ganwu Li
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | | | - Karsten Tedin
- Institute for Microbiology and Epizootics, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Saha O, Hoque MN, Islam OK, Rahaman MM, Sultana M, Hossain MA. Multidrug-Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains and Association of Their Virulence Genes in Bangladesh. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1135. [PMID: 32727140 PMCID: PMC7465658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains are the chief etiology of colibacillosis worldwide. The present study investigated the circulating phylotypes, existence of virulence genes (VGs), and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 392 APEC isolates, obtained from 130 samples belonged to six farms using both phenotypic and PCR-based molecular approaches. Congo red binding (CRB) assay confirmed 174 APEC isolates which were segregated into ten, nine, and eight distinct genotypes by RAPD assay (discriminatory index, DI = 0.8707), BOX-PCR (DI = 0.8591) and ERIC-PCR (DI = 0.8371), respectively. The combination of three phylogenetic markers (chuA, yjaA and DNA fragment TspE4.C2) classified APEC isolates into B23 (37.36%), A1 (33.91%), D2 (11.49%), B22 (9.20%), and B1 (8.05%) phylotypes. Majority of the APEC isolates (75-100%) harbored VGs (ial, fimH, crl, papC, and cjrC). These VGs (papC and cjrC) and phylotypes (D2 and B2) of APEC had significant (p = 0.004) association with colibacillosis. Phylogenetic analysis showed two distinct clades (clade A and clade B) of APEC, where clade A had 98-100% similarity with E. coli APEC O78 and E. coli EHEC strains, and clade B had closest relationship with E. coli O169:H41 strain. Interestingly, phylogroups B2 and D2 were found in the APEC strains of both clades, while the strains from phylogroups A1 and B1 were found in clade A only. In this study, 81.71% of the isolates were biofilm formers, and possessed plasmids of varying ranges (1.0 to 54 kb). In vitro antibiogram profiling revealed that 100% isolates were resistant to ≥3 antibiotics, of which 61.96%, 55.24%, 53.85%, 51.16% and 45.58% isolates in phylotypes B1, D2, B22, B23, and A1, respectively, were resistant to these antimicrobials. The resistance patterns varied among different phylotypes, notably in phylotype B22, showing the highest resistance to ampicillin (90.91%), nalidixic acid (90.11%), tetracycline (83.72%), and nitrofurantoin (65.12%). Correspondence analysis also showed significant correlation among phylotypes with CRB (p = 0.008), biofilm formation (p = 0.02), drug resistance (p = 0.03), and VGs (p = 0.06). This report demonstrated that B2 and A1 phylotypes are dominantly circulating APEC phylotypes in Bangladesh; however, B2 and D2 are strongly associated with the pathogenicity. A high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant APEC strains from different phylotypes suggest the use of organic antimicrobial compounds, and/or metals, and the rotational use of antibiotics in poultry farms in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otun Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
| | - M. Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ovinu Kibria Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mizanur Rahaman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
| | - Munawar Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
| | - M. Anwar Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh; (O.S.); (M.N.H.); (O.K.I.); (M.M.R.)
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Oh SI, Do YJ, Kim E, Yi SW, Yoo JG. Prevalence of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) in Korean layer farms and the presence of avian pathogens in the mite. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:223-238. [PMID: 32435982 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is a blood-feeding parasite of layer hens and a potential vector of several avian infectious agents. High infestation with D. gallinae in layer farm buildings could result in economic losses, and the mites may act as a reservoir of avian pathogens within farms. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of D. gallinae in layer farm buildings in Korea and to investigate avian pathogens in the collected mites. The mite samples were collected from 36 Korean layer farm buildings on 21 farms nationwide. Information obtained from each farm building included the flock size, flock age, methods for controlling D. gallinae, and cleaning status. Association between these variables and the population density of D. gallinae was analyzed. Additionally, the presence of 10 avian pathogens was assessed using DNA samples from mites collected in 16 farm buildings. The prevalence of D. gallinae was 75% at the farm building level (90.5% at the farm level). Repetitive cleaning procedures for each building were significantly related with the mite infestation level, and the most influential factor for determining the mite population in the layer farm buildings. In the 16 DNA samples, we detected avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (n = 6), wild-type fowlpox virus (n = 3), wild-type Marek's disease virus (n = 2), chicken anemia virus (n = 1), and fowl adenovirus (n = 1). These findings suggest that repetitive cleaning procedures for the layer farm buildings could decrease the numbers of D. gallinae which may transmit avian pathogens within the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ik Oh
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Yi
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gyu Yoo
- Rural Development Administration, Division of Animal Disease & Health, National Institute of Animal Science, 1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Ibrahim RA, Cryer TL, Lafi SQ, Basha EA, Good L, Tarazi YH. Identification of Escherichia coli from broiler chickens in Jordan, their antimicrobial resistance, gene characterization and the associated risk factors. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:159. [PMID: 31118039 PMCID: PMC6530146 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the principle cause of colibacillosis affecting poultry. The main challenge to the poultry industry is antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria that threaten the safety of the food chain. Risk factors associated with emergence of antimicrobial resistance among avian pathogenic E. coli were correlated with the inappropriate use of antimicrobials along with inadequate hygienic practices, which encourages the selection pressure of antimicrobial resistant APEC. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify, serogroup and genotype APEC from broilers, assess their antibiotic resistance profile, expressed genes and the associated risk factors. RESULTS APEC was isolated from the visceral organs of sick chickens with a prevalence of 53.4%. The most prevalent serotypes were O1, O2, O25 and O78, in percentage of 14.8, 12.6, 4.4 and 23.7%, respectively. Virulence Associated Genes; SitA, iss, iucD, iucC, astA, tsh cvi and irp2 were detected in rate of 97.4, 93.3, 75, 74, 71, 46.5, 39 and 34%, respectively and 186 (69.2%) isolates possess > 5-10 genes. The highest resistance was found against sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, florfenicol, amoxicillin, doxycycline and spectinomycin in percentage; 95.5, 93.7, 93.3, 92.2 and 92.2%, respectively. Sixty-eight percent of APEC isolates were found to have at least 5 out of 8 antimicrobial resistant genes. The most predominant genes were Int1 97%, tetA 78.4%, bla TEM 72.9%, Sul1 72.4%, Sul2 70.2%. Two risk factors were found to be associated with the presence of multi-drug resistant APEC in broiler chickens, with a P value ≤0.05; the use of ground water as source of drinking water and farms located in proximity to other farms. CONCLUSIONS This study characterized the VAGs of avian pathogenic E. coli and establish their antimicrobial resistance patterns. The widespread of antimicrobial resistance of APEC isolates and detection of ARGs highlighted the need to monitor the spread of ARGs in poultry farms and the environment in Jordan. Use of ground water and closely located farms were significant risk factors associated with the presence of MDR APEC in broiler chickens in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekaz A Ibrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Tillie L Cryer
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, the Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Shawkat Q Lafi
- Department of Pathology and Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ehab-Abu Basha
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Liam Good
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences Department, the Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Yaser H Tarazi
- Department of Basic Medical Veterinary Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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14
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Kurnick SA, Mannion AJ, Feng Y, Madden CM, Chamberlain P, Fox JG. Genotoxic Escherichia coli Strains Encoding Colibactin, Cytolethal Distending Toxin, and Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor in Laboratory Rats. Comp Med 2019; 69:103-113. [PMID: 30902120 PMCID: PMC6464076 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although many Escherichia coli strains are considered commensals in mammals, strains encoding the cyclomodulin genotoxins are associated with clinical and subclinical disease in the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts, meningitis, and inflammatory disorders. These genotoxins include the polyketide synthase (pks) pathogenicity island, cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), and hemolysin-associated cytotoxic necrotizing factor (cnf). E. coli strains are not excluded from rodents housed under SPF conditions in academic or vendor facilities. This study isolated and characterized genotoxin-encoding E. coli from laboratory rats obtained from 4 academic institutions and 3 vendors. A total of 69 distinct E. coli isolates were cultured from feces, rectal swab, nares, or vaginal swab of 52 rats and characterized biochemically. PCR analysis for cyclomodulin genes and phylogroup was performed on all 69 isolates. Of the 69 isolates, 45 (65%) were positive for pks, 20/69 (29%) were positive for cdt, and 4 (6%) were positive for cnf. Colibactin was the sole genotoxin identified in 21 of 45 pks+ isolates (47%), whereas cdt or cnf was also present in the remaining 24 isolates (53%); cdt and cnf were never present together or without pks. All genotoxin-associated strains were members of pathogen-associated phylogroup B2. Fisher exact and χ² tests demonstrated significant differences in genotoxin prevalence and API code distribution with regard to vendor. Select E. coli isolates were characterized by HeLa cell in vitro cytotoxicity assays, serotyped, and whole-genome sequenced. All isolates encoding cyclomodulins induced megalocytosis. Serotypes corresponded with vendor origin and cyclomodulin composition, with the cnf+ serotype representing a known human uropathogen. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed the presence of complete pks, cdt, and hemolysin-cnf pathogenicity islands. These findings indicate that genotoxin-encoding E. coli colonize laboratory rats from multiple commercial vendors and academic institutions and suggest the potential to contribute to clinical disease and introduce confounding variables into experimental rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna A Kurnick
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony J Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Carolyn M Madden
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Chamberlain
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts;,
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15
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Cummins ML, Reid CJ, Roy Chowdhury P, Bushell RN, Esbert N, Tivendale KA, Noormohammadi AH, Islam S, Marenda MS, Browning GF, Markham PF, Djordjevic SP. Whole genome sequence analysis of Australian avian pathogenic Escherichia coli that carry the class 1 integrase gene. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 30672731 PMCID: PMC6421350 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause widespread economic losses in poultry production and are potential zoonotic pathogens. Genome sequences of 95 APEC from commercial poultry operations in four Australian states that carried the class 1 integrase gene intI1, a proxy for multiple drug resistance (MDR), were characterized. Sequence types ST117 (22/95), ST350 (10/95), ST429 and ST57 (each 9/95), ST95 (8/95) and ST973 (7/95) dominated, while 24 STs were represented by one or two strains. FII and FIB repA genes were the predominant (each 93/95, 98 %) plasmid incompatibility groups identified, but those of B/O/K/Z (25/95, 26 %) and I1 (24/95, 25 %) were also identified frequently. Virulence-associated genes (VAGs) carried by ColV and ColBM virulence plasmids, including those encoding protectins [iss (91/95, 96 %), ompT (91/95, 96 %) and traT (90/95, 95 %)], iron-acquisition systems [sitA (88/95, 93 %), etsA (87/95, 92 %), iroN (84/95, 89 %) and iucD/iutA (84/95, 89 %)] and the putative avian haemolysin hylF (91/95, 96 %), featured prominently. Notably, mobile resistance genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, colistin, extended-spectrum β-lactams and carbapenems were not detected in the genomes of these 95 APEC but carriage of the sulphonamide resistance gene, sul1 (59/95, 63 %), the trimethoprim resistance gene cassettes dfrA5 (48/95, 50 %) and dfrA1 (25/95, 27 %), the tetracycline resistance determinant tet(A) (51/95, 55 %) and the ampicillin resistance genes blaTEM-1A/B/C (48/95, 52 %) was common. IS26 (77/95, 81 %), an insertion element known to capture and mobilize a wide spectrum of antimicrobial resistance genes, was also frequently identified. These studies provide a baseline snapshot of drug-resistant APEC in Australia and their role in the carriage of ColV-like virulence plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max L Cummins
- 1The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Cameron J Reid
- 1The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- 1The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhys N Bushell
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Nicolas Esbert
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Kelly A Tivendale
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Amir H Noormohammadi
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Shaiful Islam
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Marc S Marenda
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Philip F Markham
- 2Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, and Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- 1The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Al-Kandari F, Woodward MJ. Genotypic and phenotypic diversity differences of presumptive commensal and avian pathogenic E. coli. Br Poult Sci 2018; 60:79-86. [PMID: 30392387 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1544415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of the experiment was to characterise the genotypic and phenotypic differences between presumptive commensal E. coli and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) of poultry. 2. DNA was extracted from 65 confirmed APEC E. coli from chicken, 100 presumptive commensal E. coli from healthy turkey and 35 from healthy chicken. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) and virulence factors genotyping was performed to characterise genetic features. 3. Carbon source utilisation and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed to characterise phenotypic features of isolates. 4. The genetic divergence between E. coli strains tested by ERIC-PCR profiles and virulence-associated genes showed a clear genetic separation between E. coli APEC and turkey E. coli strains. 5. The carbon utilisation profile of turkey isolates was different from chicken and APEC strains; whereas antimicrobial susceptibility was highest for turkey isolates (53%), and lowest for APEC strains (33.8%). 6. The study showed a significant negative correlation between utilisation of arabitol and adonitol with different virulence determinants tested, which suggests that the ability to utilise some uncommon carbon sources may be used to discriminate between presumptive commensal E. coli and APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Al-Kandari
- a Department of Food and Nutrition Science, School of Chemistry , University of Reading , Reading , UK
| | - M J Woodward
- a Department of Food and Nutrition Science, School of Chemistry , University of Reading , Reading , UK
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Silva RMD, Jesus MCD, Macêdo KM, Cardoso VL, Santana JM, Silva IDMMD, Baliza M, Evêncio-Neto J. Colimetric index and virulence genes iss and iutA in Escherichia coli isolates in cellulitis of poultry carcasses under sanitary inspection. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402018000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Current study determines the population of total coliforms and Escherichia coli and identifies iss and iutA virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from cellulitis in poultry carcasses retrieved from a slaughterhouse. One hundred cellulitis lesions were collected between August 2013 and January 2014. The population of total coliforms and Escherichia coli was verified by Petrifilm™ rapid counting method (AOAC 998.8). Escherichia coli samples were analyzed for iss and iutA genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Total coliforms were present in 96.0% (96/100) of the analyzed samples, with a population between 3.4 and 9.5 log CFU/g. Escherichia coli was present in 82.0% (82/100) of cellulitis samples and the population ranged between <1.0 and 9.0 log CFU/g. The iss gene was found in 89.0% of isolates and the iutA gene in 97.6%. High populations of total coliforms and Escherichiacoli in cellulitis samples indicate that hygienic-sanitary failures may have occurred in the production of broilers. When high prevalence of virulence genes under analysis, characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and possible zoonotic character of the pathotype are taken into account, it is important to highlight the need to adopt Good Manufacturing Practices, Standard Procedures of Operational Hygiene and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points in poultry slaughterhouses to ensure the safety of the final product.
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Xu WY, Li YJ, Fan C. Different loci and mRNA copy number of the increased serum survival gene of Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2017; 64:147-154. [PMID: 29220592 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increased serum survival gene (iss) has been identified as a virulence trait associated with the virulence of Escherichia coli, causing colibacillosis in poultry. However, it remains unclear as to whether iss mRNA copy number and sequence affect virulence. To examine these influences, we assessed the presence of iss, sequence analysis, iss mRNA copy number, and serum resistance. The iss gene was detected in 88 (all) E. coli isolates from different sources, and sequencing identified 16 alleles (32 different loci) and 10 amino acid sequences (10 different loci). Nested polymerase chain reaction improved iss detection. The isolates from sick chickens had >68% livability in serum resistance tests and higher iss mRNA copy number. The iss mRNA copy number highly correlated with mortality and E. coli livability. Student's t tests confirmed the relationship between the different loci to iss transcription, serum resistance, and virulence. These data suggest that iss mRNA copy number and different loci affect the virulence and serum resistance. These findings could be useful in further studies on the prevalence of iss among E. coli isolates and other virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Ye Xu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jing Li
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Fan
- b Agricultural College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
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Cui ZQ, Wu ZM, Fu YX, Xu DX, Guo X, Shen HQ, Wei XB, Yi PF, Fu BD. Autoinducer-2 of quorum sensing is involved in cell damage caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:247-252. [PMID: 27569532 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infections are responsible for great losses in the poultry industry. Quorum sensing (QS) acts as a global regulatory system that controls genes involved in bacterial pathogenesis, metabolism and protein biosynthesis. However, whether QS of APEC is related to cell damage has not been elucidated. In the present study, we explored the correlation between the damage of chicken type II pneumocytes induced by APEC and the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) activity of APEC. The results showed that when chicken type II pneumocytes were co-cultured with 108 CFU/ml of APEC-O78 for 6 h, the release of LDH reached the highest level (192.5 ± 13.4 U/L) (P < 0.01), and the percentages of dead cells followed the same trend in trypan blue exclusion assay. In addition, the AI-2 activity of cell-free culture fluid (CF) reached the maximum value after 6 h co-culture with 108 CFU/ml of APEC-O78. At the same time, the mRNA expressions of eight virulence genes (papC, fimA, fimC, hlyE, ompA, luxS, pfs, and qseA) of 108 CFU/ml APEC-O78 were significantly increased compared with those of 107 CFU/ml, and the mRNA expressions of four virulence genes (hlyE, tsh, iss, and luxS) of 108 CFU/ml APEC-O78 were higher than those of 109 CFU/ml (p < 0.05) after incubation for 6 h. These results suggested that AI-2-mediated QS is involved in the cell damage induced by APEC-O78, indicating AI-2 may be one new potential target for preventing chicken colibacillosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Qiang Cui
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Zong-Mei Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Yun-Xing Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Dao-Xiu Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Xun Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Xu-Bin Wei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China.
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20
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Wang J, Stanford K, McAllister TA, Johnson RP, Chen J, Hou H, Zhang G, Niu YD. Biofilm Formation, Virulence Gene Profiles, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Nine Serogroups of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin–ProducingEscherichia coli. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:316-24. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Roger P. Johnson
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongman Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan D. Niu
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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21
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Gioia-Di Chiacchio RM, Cunha MPV, Sturn RM, Moreno LZ, Moreno AM, Pereira CBP, Martins FH, Franzolin MR, Piazza RMF, Knöbl T. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): Zoonotic risks associated with psittacine pet birds in home environments. Vet Microbiol 2016; 184:27-30. [PMID: 26854341 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Psittacidae are frequently bred as pets worldwide, but little is known about the zoonotic risks of these animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in the feces of psittacine birds housed as pets. A total of 171 fecal samples (67 cockatiels, 59 budgerigars, and 45 agapornis) were cultured. Forty-two (E. coli) strains were identified, and the presence of the eae, stx1, and stx2 genes was determined using PCR. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the STEC strains were determined using the disk diffusion method and phylogenetic analysis according to the new Clermont phylotyping method. Using these methods, 19.4% (8/42) of the STEC strains were determined to be positive for the eae and stx2 genes. The results revealed a STEC frequency of 4.6% in the birds (8/171), with a percentage of 8.47% in budgerigars (5/59), 4.47% in cockatiels (3/67), and 0% in agapornis (0/45). None of the STEC isolates belonged to the O157 serogroup. Most of the strains were classified as sensitive to the 18 antibiotics tested. None of the strains exhibited a multiresistance profile. In the phylogenetic analysis, two strains were classified as non-typeable, three were classified as B2, two were classified as F, and one was classified as Clade I. Seven of the eight STEC strains showed a clonal profile using AFLP. E. coli strains that are stx2(+) plus eae(+) are usually associated with severe human diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The STEC-positive results indicate the zoonotic risk of breeding psittacidae in home environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gioia-Di Chiacchio
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - M P V Cunha
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M Sturn
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Z Moreno
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A M Moreno
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C B P Pereira
- Instituto Butantan, Bacteriology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F H Martins
- Instituto Butantan, Bacteriology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Franzolin
- Instituto Butantan, Bacteriology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M F Piazza
- Instituto Butantan, Bacteriology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Knöbl
- FMVZ-USP-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Perepelov AV, Wang Q, Filatov AV, Xia X, Shashkov AS, Weintraub A, Widmalm G, Wang L, Knirel YA. Structures and gene clusters of the closely related O-antigens of Escherichia coli O46 and O134, both containing D-glucuronoyl-D-allothreonine. Carbohydr Res 2015; 409:20-4. [PMID: 25898391 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The O-polysaccharides (O-antigens) were isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli O46 and O134. The structures of their linear tetrasaccharide repeating units were established by sugar analysis along with 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy: [Formula: see text], where D-aThr indicates D-allothreonine and R indicates O-acetyl substitution (∼ 70% on aThr and ∼ 15% on GalNAc) in E. coli O46 whereas the O-acetylation is absent in E. coli O134. Functions of genes in the essentially identical O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli O46 and O134 were tentatively assigned by a comparison with sequences in available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structures established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Perepelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Quan Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Andrei V Filatov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Xianghong Xia
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrej Weintraub
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, S-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, 300457 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Korb A, Nazareno ERD, Costa LD, Nogueira KDS, Dalsenter PR, Tuon FF, Pomba MC. Tipagem molecular e resistência aos antimicrobianos em isolados de Escherichia coli de frangos de corte e de tratadores na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2015000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Este estudo verificou o perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos entre isolados de Escherichia coli de frangos de corte de criação intensiva e de subsistência e dos respectivos tratadores e a similaridade genotípica entre isolados de E.coli de frangos de corte de criação intensiva e isolados de E. coli de tratadores de frangos de criação intensiva pela técnica de Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado (PFGE). 60 amostras de fezes de frangos de criação intensiva, 60 de frangos de corte de criação de subsistência (caipira) e 20 amostras dos tratadores de frangos de criação intensiva e 20 de tratadores de frangos de criação de subsistência. E. coli foram isoladas, identificadas e submetidas ao teste de suscetibilidade a 12 antimicrobianos. Pela PFGE foram analisados 24 isolados de E. coli de frangos de corte de criação intensiva e oito de tratadores. Em isolados E. coli de frangos de criação intensiva a resistência para a ampicilina foi de 100%, cefotaxima 43%, ceftriaxona 48%, ácido nalidíxico 62%, enrofloxacina 23%, ciprofloxacina 23%, tetraciclina 83% e 45% para trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol. Nos isolados de frangos de criação de subsistência foi de 20%, 0%, 0%, 5%, 2%, 4%, 33% e 8%, respectivamente. Resistência à fosfomicina e à nitrofurantoína foi encontrada em isolados de frangos de criação de subsistência. Em isolados de E. coli de tratadores de frangos de corte de criação intensiva a resistência para ampicilina foi de 60%, para ciprofloxacina 25% e para tetraciclina 45%, enquanto nos tratadores de subsistência foram de 20%, 5% e 30%, respectivamente. Isolados de E. coli de frangos em criação de subsistência apresentaram 46,6%(28/60) de suscetibilidade a todos os antimicrobianos testados enquanto que na criação intensiva 81%(49/60) foram multirresistentes. Sete clusters de isolados de E. coli de frangos de diferentes aviários apresentaram similaridade acima de 80%, e dois destes foram superiores a 95%. Três clusters de isolados de frangos e de tratadores apresentaram similaridade superior a 80%. Somente um destes clusters foi de isolado de tratador e de frango do mesmo aviário.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnildo Korb
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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24
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Guo X, Zhang LY, Wu SC, Xia F, Fu YX, Wu YL, Leng CQ, Yi PF, Shen HQ, Wei XB, Fu BD. Andrographolide interferes quorum sensing to reduce cell damage caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:496-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Virulence profiles, phylogenetic background, and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from turkeys with airsacculitis. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:289024. [PMID: 25105155 PMCID: PMC4101927 DOI: 10.1155/2014/289024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) has been studied for decades because of its economic impact on the poultry industry. Recently, the zoonotic potential of APEC and multidrug-resistant strains have emerged. The aim of this study was to characterize 225 APEC isolated from turkeys presenting airsacculitis. The results showed that 92% of strains presented a multidrug-resistance (MDR), and the highest levels of resistance were to sulfamethazine (94%) and tetracycline (83%). Half of these strains were classified in phylogenetic group B2, followed by B1 (28.6%), A (17.1%), and D (4.8%). The prevalence of virulence genes was as follows: salmochelin (iroN, 95%), increased serum survival (iss, 93%), colicin V (cvi/cva, 67%), aerobactin (iucD, 67%), temperature-sensitive haemagglutinin (tsh, 56%), iron-repressible protein (irp2, 51%), invasion brain endothelium (ibeA, 31%), vacuolating autotransporter toxin (vat, 24%), K1 antigen (neuS, 19%), enteroaggregative heat-stable cytotoxin (astA, 17%), and pilus associated with pyelonephritis (papC, 15%). These results demonstrate that the majority of the investigated strains belonged to group B2 and were MDR. These data suggest that turkeys may serve as a reservoir of pathogenic and multidrug-resistance strains, reinforcing the idea that poultry plays a role in the epidemiological chain of ExPEC.
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26
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Virulence genotypes, antibiotic resistance and the phylogenetic background of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections of dogs and cats in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:242-7. [PMID: 24742952 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent disease of humans and pets and has extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains as one of the main etiologic agent. ExPEC are characterized by specific virulence factors and are related to a heterogeneous group of human and animal disorders, besides to be a relevant participant in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to characterize E. coli strains isolated from UTI of dogs and cats for serotypes, virulence markers, phylogenetic groups and sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs. E. coli was identified as the etiologic agent of UTI in urine samples of 43 pets (7 cats and 36 dogs). Serogroups O2, O4 and O6 corresponded to more than one third of the isolates, being 62% of the total strains classified as B2, 18% as D, 16% as B1 and 4% as A. The iucD (22%), fyuA (80%), traT (51%) and cvaC (20%) genes were distributed among the four phylogenetic groups, whereas the papC/papEF (47%) and malX (67%) genes were found only in groups B2 and D. There were a high number of resistant strains, with 76% of the strains belonging to groups A, B1 and D characterized as multidrug resistant (MDR), whereas only 21% had this phenotype in the group B2. The ExPEC strains isolated in this study displayed pathotypic and phylogenetic similarities with human isolates and high percentages of drug resistance. The finding of MDR ExPEC strains suggests implications for animal and public health and deserves more investigations.
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27
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Zhang LY, Lv S, Wu SC, Guo X, Xia F, Hu XR, Song Z, Zhang C, Qin QQ, Fu BD, Yi PF, Shen HQ, Wei XB. Inhibitory effects of α-cyperone on adherence and invasion of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 to chicken type II pneumocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 159:50-7. [PMID: 24629766 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli, and usually cause avian septicemia through breaching the blood-gas barrier. Type II pneumocytes play an important role of maintaining the function of the blood-gas barrier. However, the mechanism of APEC injuring type II pneumocytes remains unclear. α-cyperone can inhibit lung cell injury induced by Staphylococcus aureus. In order to explore whether α-cyperone regulates the adherence and invasion of APEC-O78 to chicken type II pneumocytes, we successfully cultured chicken type II pneumocytes. The results showed that α-cyperone significantly decreased the adherence of APEC-O78 to chicken type II pneumocytes. In addition, α-cyperone inhibited actin cytoskeleton polymerization induced by APEC-O78 through down regulating the expression of Nck-2, Cdc42 and Rac1. These results provide new evidence for the prevention of colibacillosis in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang Lv
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Shuai-Cheng Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xun Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Fang Xia
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xi-Rou Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Zhou Song
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qian-Qian Qin
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xu-Bin Wei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
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De Haro-Cruz MJ, Ixta-Avila L, Guerra-Infante FM. Adherence of five serovars of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale to chicken tracheal epithelial cells. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:425-9. [PMID: 23826883 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.800942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Interaction between bacteria and host tissue is important, both for primary adhesion and tissue-specific colonisation, as well as for pathogen invasion for different host tissues. 2. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a bacterium associated with respiratory tract infections in poultry. The mechanisms by which O. rhinotracheale causes infection are not known. To date, at least 18 serovars of this bacterium, with or without the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of chicken and other species, have been identified. 3. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the ability of five references strains, belonging to serovars A, B, C, D and E, to adhere to a culture of primary chicken tracheal cells. 4. Serovars A and B adhered to less than 20% of tracheal cells with no specific adherence pattern. Serovars C, D and E gave adherence values greater than 70%. Serovars C and E showed a diffuse adherence pattern, while serovar D had an aggregated adherence pattern. 5. The adherence ability and pattern could be associated with different pathogenicity mechanisms in the various serovars but more studies are needed to understand the reasons for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J De Haro-Cruz
- Department of Microbiology of the National School of Biological Sciences -IPN , Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, C.P. 11340, Mexico City.
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29
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Serotypes, virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of vaginal and fecal isolates of Escherichia coli from giant pandas. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5146-50. [PMID: 23793635 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01367-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Escherichia coli typically colonizes the intestinal tract and vagina of giant pandas, it has caused enteric and systemic disease in giant pandas and greatly impacts the health and survival of this endangered species. In order to understand the distribution and characteristics of E. coli from giant pandas, 67 fecal and 30 vaginal E. coli isolates from 21 giant pandas were characterized for O serogroups, phylogenetic groups, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. In addition, these isolates were tested for the presence of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) by multiplex PCR detection of specific virulence genes. The most prevalent serogroups for all E. coli isolates were O88, O18, O167, O4, and O158. ExPEC isolates were detected mostly in vaginal samples, and DEC isolates were detected only in fecal samples. Phylogenetic group B1 predominated in fecal isolates, while groups B2 and D were frequently detected in vaginal isolates. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was most frequently observed, followed by resistance to nalidixic acid and tetracycline. All except five isolates were typeable by using XbaI and were categorized into 74 PFGE patterns. Our findings indicate that panda E. coli isolates exhibited antimicrobial resistance, and potentially pathogenic E. coli isolates were present in giant pandas. In addition, these E. coli isolates were genetically diverse. This study may provide helpful information for developing strategies in the future to control E. coli infections of giant pandas.
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