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Zhou Y, Wang J, Meng Z, Zhou S, Peng J, Chen S, Wang Q, Sun K. Pharmacology of Ivabradine and the Effect on Chronic Heart Failure. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1878-1901. [PMID: 31400267 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190809093144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome with a high incidence worldwide. Although various types of pharmacological and device therapies are available for CHF, the prognosis is not ideal, for which, the control of increased Heart Rate (HR) is critical. Recently, a bradycardic agent, ivabradine, is found to reduce HR by inhibiting the funny current (If). The underlying mechanism states that ivabradine can enter the Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels and bind to the intracellular side, subsequently inhibiting the If. This phenomenon can prolong the slow spontaneous phase in the diastolic depolarization, and thus, reduce HR. The clinical trials demonstrated the significant effects of the drug on reducing HR and improving the symptoms of CHF with fewer adverse effects. This review primarily introduces the chemical features and pharmacological characteristics of ivabradine and the mechanism of treating CHF. Also, some expected therapeutic effects on different diseases were also concluded. However, ivabradine, as a typical If channel inhibitor, necessitates additional research to verify its pharmacological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhuo Meng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital＆Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiayu Peng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qingjie Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Baluta MM, Vintila MM. PAI-1 Inhibition - Another Therapeutic Option for Cardiovascular Protection. MAEDICA 2015; 10:147-152. [PMID: 28275409 PMCID: PMC5327810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Current research suggest that plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) is an important contributor to a number of disease processes. The aim of the current paper is to emphasize the deleterious effects of PAI-1 on cardiovascular diseases development and progression. The plasminogen system is known by its role in hemostasis and thrombosis regulation. Lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment can regulate PAI-1 levels and functions. Some pharmacologic agents currently used in the management of atherosclerosis and its complications can counteract the deleterious effects of PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mariana Baluta
- Department of Cardiology, "St Pantelimon" Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Marcian Vintila
- Department of Cardiology, "St Pantelimon" Hospital, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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