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Manunta MDI, Lamorte G, Ferrari F, Trombetta E, Tirone M, Bianco C, Cattaneo A, Santoro L, Baselli G, Brasca M, Ostadreza M, Erba E, Gori A, Bandera A, Porretti L, Valenti LVC, Prati D. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the recovery of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by density gradient. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4904. [PMID: 33649400 PMCID: PMC7921094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is responsible for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is characterised by a hyperinflammatory response that plays a major role in determining the respiratory and immune-mediated complications of this condition. While isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood of COVID-19 patients by density gradient centrifugation, we noticed some changes in the floating properties and in the sedimentation of the cells on density medium. Investigating this further, we found that in early phase COVID-19 patients, characterised by reduced circulating lymphocytes and monocytes, the PBMC fraction contained surprisingly high levels of neutrophils. Furthermore, the neutrophil population exhibited alterations in the cell size and in the internal complexity, consistent with the presence of low density neutrophils (LDNs) and immature forms, which may explain the shift seen in the floating abilities and that may be predictive of the severity of the disease. The percentage of this subset of neutrophils found in the PBMC band was rather spread (35.4 ± 27.2%, with a median 28.8% and IQR 11.6-56.1, Welch's t-test early phase COVID-19 versus blood donor healthy controls P < 0.0001). Results confirm the presence of an increased number of LDNs in patients with early stage COVID-19, which correlates with disease severity and may be recovered by centrifugation on a density gradient together with PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D I Manunta
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lamorte
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrari
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Trombetta
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Laboratory, Analysis Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Tirone
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Laboratory, Analysis Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bianco
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cattaneo
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Laboratory, Analysis Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Santoro
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Baselli
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Brasca
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Directorate of Allied Health Professions, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mahnoosh Ostadreza
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Erba
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Directorate of Allied Health Professions, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Porretti
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Laboratory, Analysis Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca V C Valenti
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Prati
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Milano Cord Blood Bank, Processing Facility and Biobank POLI-MI, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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