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de Veij Mestdagh CF, Smit AB, Henning RH, van Kesteren RE. Mitochondrial Targeting against Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons from Hibernation. Cells 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 38201215 PMCID: PMC10778235 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and yet remains without effective therapy. Amongst the many proposed causes of AD, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis is gaining attention. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction is a driving force behind synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline in AD patients. However, therapies targeting the mitochondria in AD have proven unsuccessful so far, and out-of-the-box options, such as hibernation-derived mitochondrial mechanisms, may provide valuable new insights. Hibernators uniquely and rapidly alternate between suppression and re-activation of the mitochondria while maintaining a sufficient energy supply and without acquiring ROS damage. Here, we briefly give an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, how it affects synaptic function, and why mitochondrial targeting in AD has remained unsuccessful so far. We then discuss mitochondria in hibernation and daily torpor in mice, covering current advancements in hibernation-derived mitochondrial targeting strategies. We conclude with new ideas on how hibernation-derived dual mitochondrial targeting of both the ATP and ROS pathways may boost mitochondrial health and induce local synaptic protein translation to increase synaptic function and plasticity. Further exploration of these mechanisms may provide more effective treatment options for AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina F. de Veij Mestdagh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.S.); (R.E.v.K.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.S.); (R.E.v.K.)
| | - Robert H. Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ronald E. van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.S.); (R.E.v.K.)
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Alitalo O, González-Hernández G, Rosenholm M, Kohtala P, Matsui N, Müller HK, Theilmann W, Klein A, Kärkkäinen O, Rozov S, Rantamäki T, Kohtala S. Linking Hypothermia and Altered Metabolism with TrkB Activation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3212-3225. [PMID: 37551888 PMCID: PMC10485900 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain acute antidepressant drug-induced activation of TrkB neurotrophin receptors, but several questions remain. In a series of pharmacological experiments, we observed that TrkB activation induced by antidepressants and several other drugs correlated with sedation, and most importantly, coinciding hypothermia. Untargeted metabolomics of pharmacologically dissimilar TrkB activating treatments revealed effects on shared bioenergetic targets involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) breakdown and synthesis, demonstrating a common perturbation in metabolic activity. Both activation of TrkB signaling and hypothermia were recapitulated by administration of inhibitors of glucose and lipid metabolism, supporting a close relationship between metabolic inhibition and neurotrophic signaling. Drug-induced TrkB phosphorylation was independent of electroencephalography slow-wave activity and remained unaltered in knock-in mice with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met allele, which have impaired activity-dependent BDNF release, alluding to an activation mechanism independent from BDNF and neuronal activity. Instead, we demonstrated that the active maintenance of body temperature prevents activation of TrkB and other targets associated with antidepressants, including p70S6 kinase downstream of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Increased TrkB, GSK3β, and p70S6K phosphorylation was also observed during recovery sleep following sleep deprivation, when a physiological temperature drop is known to occur. Our results suggest that the changes in bioenergetics and thermoregulation are causally connected to TrkB activation and may act as physiological regulators of signaling processes involved in neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okko Alitalo
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Gemma González-Hernández
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marko Rosenholm
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Center
for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Piia Kohtala
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department
of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Nobuaki Matsui
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Gifu University of Medical
Science, 4-3-3 Nijigaoka,
Kani, Gifu 509-0293, Japan
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational
Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Wiebke Theilmann
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Anders Klein
- Novo
Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Department
of Drug Design & Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
- Afekta
Technologies Ltd., Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Stanislav Rozov
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tomi Rantamäki
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Samuel Kohtala
- Laboratory
of Neurotherapeutics, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- SleepWell
Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department
of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
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