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McKenney KM, Connacher RP, Dunshee EB, Goldstrohm AC. Chemi-Northern: a versatile chemiluminescent northern blot method for analysis and quantitation of RNA molecules. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 30:448-462. [PMID: 38282416 PMCID: PMC10946428 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079880.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
This report describes a chemiluminescence-based detection method for RNAs on northern blots, designated Chemi-Northern. This approach builds on the simplicity and versatility of northern blotting, while dispensing of the need for expensive and cumbersome radioactivity. RNAs are first separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nylon membrane, and then hybridized to a biotinylated RNA or DNA antisense probe. Streptavidin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and enhanced chemiluminescence substrate are then used to detect the probe bound to the target RNA. Our results demonstrate the versatility of this method in detecting natural and engineered RNAs expressed in cells, including messenger and noncoding RNAs. We show that Chemi-Northern detection is sensitive and fast, detecting attomole amounts of RNA in as little as 1 sec, with high signal intensity and low background. The dynamic response displays excellent linearity. Using Chemi-Northern, we measure the reproducible, statistically significant reduction of mRNA levels by human sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins, PUM1 and PUM2. Additionally, we measure the interaction of the poly(A) binding protein, PABPC1, with polyadenylated mRNA. Thus, the Chemi-Northern method provides a versatile, simple, and cost-effective method to enable researchers to analyze expression, processing, binding, and decay of RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M McKenney
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Robert P Connacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Elise B Dunshee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Aaron C Goldstrohm
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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McKenney KM, Connacher RP, Dunshee EB, Goldstrohm AC. Chemi-Northern: a versatile chemiluminescent northern blot method for analysis and quantitation of RNA molecules. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.10.561763. [PMID: 37873431 PMCID: PMC10592733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a chemiluminescence-based detection method for RNAs on northern blots, designated Chemi-Northern. This approach builds on the simplicity and versatility of northern blotting, while dispensing of the need for expensive and cumbersome radioactivity. RNAs are first separated on denaturing gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nylon membrane, and then hybridized to a biotinylated RNA or DNA antisense probe. Streptavidin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and enhanced chemiluminescence substrate are then used to detect the probe bound to the target RNA. Our results demonstrate the versatility of this method in detecting natural and engineered RNAs expressed in cells, including messenger and noncoding RNAs. We show that Chemi-Northern detection is sensitive and fast, detecting attomole amounts of RNA in as little as 1 second, with high signal intensity and low background. The dynamic response displays excellent linearity. Using Chemi-Northern, we measure the significant, reproducible reduction of mRNA levels by human sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins, PUM1 and PUM2. Additionally, we measure the interaction of endogenous poly(A) binding protein, PABPC1, with poly-adenylated mRNA. Thus, the Chemi-Northern method provides a versatile, simple, cost-effective method to enable researchers to detect and measure changes in RNA expression, processing, binding, and decay of RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. McKenney
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert P. Connacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Elise B. Dunshee
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Aaron C. Goldstrohm
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Dong C, Liu Z, Li X. Development of a chemiluminescence assay for detection of Giardia lamblia in canine stool samples. Vet Parasitol 2023; 316:109899. [PMID: 36804682 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Our Giardia chemiluminescence assay (GCA) detected Giardia antigens in a dose-dependent manner with a limit of detection at 0.46 ng/mL and a signal-to-baseline ratio at 475. In a study of 30 clinic collected canine stool samples, samples were identified as Giardia positive or negative by a standard Giardia II ELISA (TechLab), the GCA had sensitivity of 93.8 % and specificity of 92.9 %. Study on the set of 16 Giardia positive samples showed that all samples displayed higher signal-to-baseline ratio in GCA than they did in a colorimetric ELISA. A dilution analysis of antigen titer showed that for all positive samples, antigen titers in GCA were equal or higher than those in ELISA. The GCA system of chemiluminescence has shown improved capability in detecting Giardia antigens and provided a valid alternative method for researchers and for laboratories.
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Xu J, Kerr L, Jiang Y, Suo W, Zhang L, Lao T, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Rapid Antigen Diagnostics as Frontline Testing in the COVID-19 Pandemic. SMALL SCIENCE 2022; 2:2200009. [PMID: 35942171 PMCID: PMC9349911 DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in significant loss of life since December 2019. Timely and precise virus detection has been proven as an effective solution to reduce the spread of the virus and to track the epidemic. Rapid antigen diagnostics has played a significant role in the frontline of COVID-19 testing because of its convenience, low cost, and high accuracy. Herein, different types of recently innovated in-lab and commercial antigen diagnostic technologies with emphasis on the strengths and limitations of these technologies including the limit of detection, sensitivity, specificity, affordability, and usability are systematically reviewed. The perspectives of assay development are looked into.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xu
- Department of Systems BiologyBlavatnik InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Department of Molecular VirologyVirogin Biotech Ltd.3800 Wesbrook MallVancouverBCV6S 2L9Canada
| | - Liam Kerr
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCenter for Intelligent MachinesMcGill UniversityMontrealQCH3A0C3Canada
| | - Yue Jiang
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and ManufacturingJiaxing UniversityJiaxing314001China
| | - Wenhao Suo
- Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02215USA
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University55 Zhenhai RoadXiamen361003China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooONN2L3G1Canada
| | - Taotao Lao
- Department of Molecular DiagnosticsBoston Molecules Inc.564 Main StreetWalthamMA02452USA
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory DiseasesMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02114USA
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsu210008China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-EfficiencyCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education)Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
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Pieńkos M, Zadykowicz B. Solvent effect on chemiluminescence of acridinium thioester: a computational study. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200166. [PMID: 35607880 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemiluminescent labelling, which is one of the promising procedures of modern immunodiagnostics, is increasingly carried out using acridinium derivatives, oxidant and alkaline aqueous environment. However, the efficiency of chemiluminescence of luminol or acridinium esters is higher in non-aqueous solvents such as DMSO or acetonitrile. Therefore, the search for a new environment of chemiluminescence reaction, especially this characterized by the higher quantum yield of chemiluminescence, is one of the aims of the research undertaken. Using computational methods (DFT and TD DFT with PCM model of solvent), we examined thermodynamic and kinetic data concerning the chemiluminescence and competitive dark pathways. Our results suggest that better characteristics of chemiluminescence reaction of acridinium thioester are observed in nonpolar solvents, such as methylcyclohexane, n-hexane and n-pentane, than in aqueous media used so far. Further experimental verification is necessary to confirm the possible application of proposed nonpolar solvents in chemiluminescent labelling and hence in immunodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Pieńkos
- University of Gdansk: Uniwersytet Gdanski, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, POLAND
| | - Beata Zadykowicz
- University of Gdansk: Uniwersytet Gdanski, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosz 63, 80-308, Gdansk, POLAND
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Li J, Huang Y, Xiang G, Xu E, Chen T, Yang M, Zhang J. Analytical and clinical evaluation of the light‐initiated chemiluminescent assays for measurement of human thyroid hormones. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24266. [PMID: 35312114 PMCID: PMC9102509 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Light‐initiated chemiluminescent assay (LiCA) is a new homogeneous immunoassay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical and clinical performance of the assays for the detection of thyroid hormones based on the fully automated LiCA 800 analyzer. Methods Analytical validations of the LiCA thyroid assays (TSH, FT3, FT4, T3, and T4) included precision, linearity, analytical sensitivity, interference, and method comparison applying the protocols of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The diagnostic performance was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with different assay schemes for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Results Within‐run and within‐lab precisions (%CV) of the five assays ranged from 1.06 to 6.40% at all concentrations evaluated. A satisfactory linearity was verified over the entire measuring range for TSH, T3, and T4 (R > 0.99, change in recovery <10%, p = 0.000 all). Paired‐comparison measurements presented a comparable assay for each of the five assays (R > 0.96, median bias <5%, p < 0.0001 all) between LiCA and Cobas across three institutes. The diagnostic accuracy of the LiCA assays for hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism was quantified by the areas under curves (AUC) as 0.925 or 0.832 with the five‐assay panel (TSH, FT3, FT4, T3, and T4) and as 0.921 or 0.811 with the three‐assay panel (TSH, FT3, and FT4), respectively. No significant difference was found between the AUC of LiCA and that of DxI, Cobas, or Centaur (p > 0.3 all). Conclusion LiCA 800 provides a precise and high‐throughput immunoassay platform for detection of thyroid hormones. It is acceptable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Clinical Laboratory Peking University International Hospital Beijing China
| | - Youyuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Guiming Xiang
- Clinical Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University Chongqing China
| | - Enjun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Tao Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Peking University International Hospital Beijing China
| | - Ming Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Peking University International Hospital Beijing China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Peking University International Hospital Beijing China
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Karatani H. Luminol-hydrogen peroxide-horseradish peroxidase chemiluminescence intensification by kosmotrope ammonium sulfate. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:613-621. [PMID: 35286630 PMCID: PMC8971166 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The kosmotropic effect induced by ammonium sulfate (AS) at concentrations greater than approximately 2.8 M allows the marked intensification of chemiluminescence (CL) arising from a conventional luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction. Because of the kosmotropic effect, CL is intensified by at least three orders of magnitude than that from the conventional HRP-catalyzed luminol reaction with no AS; the linear relationship between the CL intensity and the HRP concentration is established over the range of 0.3 pM to several tens of pM. The novel CL intensification effect on the HRP-catalyzed luminol CL can be stably and reproducibly induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Karatani
- Kyoto Luminous Science Laboratory, Keihanna Plaza, Laboratory Wing, 1-7 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan.
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Lan Y, Yuan F, Fereja TH, Wang C, Lou B, Li J, Xu G. Chemiluminescence of Lucigenin/Riboflavin and Its Application for Selective and Sensitive Dopamine Detection. Anal Chem 2018; 91:2135-2139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Lan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Fan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Tadesse Haile Fereja
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Baohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Guobao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
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