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Iwakura N, Yokoyama T, Quaglia F, Mitsuoka K, Mio K, Shigematsu H, Shirouzu M, Kaji A, Kaji H. Chemical and structural characterization of a model Post-Termination Complex (PoTC) for the ribosome recycling reaction: Evidence for the release of the mRNA by RRF and EF-G. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177972. [PMID: 28542628 PMCID: PMC5443523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A model Post-Termination Complex (PoTC) used for the discovery of Ribosome Recycling Factor (RRF) was purified and characterized by cryo-electron microscopic analysis and biochemical methods. We established that the model PoTC has mostly one tRNA, at the P/E or P/P position, together with one mRNA. The structural studies were supported by the biochemical measurement of bound tRNA and mRNA. Using this substrate, we establish that the release of tRNA, release of mRNA and splitting of ribosomal subunits occur during the recycling reaction. Order of these events is tRNA release first followed by mRNA release and splitting almost simultaneously. Moreover, we demonstrate that IF3 is not involved in any of the recycling reactions but simply prevents the re-association of split ribosomal subunits. Our finding demonstrates that the important function of RRF includes the release of mRNA, which is often missed by the use of a short ORF with the Shine-Dalgarno sequence near the termination site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Iwakura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fabio Quaglia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Camerino, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Camerino, Italy
| | - Kaoru Mitsuoka
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mio
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery and OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Shigematsu
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Kaji
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HK); (AK)
| | - Hideko Kaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (HK); (AK)
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2
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Hu Y, Bernal A, Bullard JM, Zhang Y. Solution structure of protein synthesis initiation factor 1 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Protein Sci 2016; 25:2290-2296. [PMID: 27636899 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen and a primary cause of nosocomial infection in humans. The rate of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa is increasing worldwide leading to an unmet need for discovery of new chemical compounds distinctly different from present antimicrobials. Protein synthesis is an essential metabolic process and a validated target for the development of new antibiotics. Initiation factor 1 from P. aeruginosa (Pa-IF1) is the smallest of the three initiation factors that act to establish the 30S initiation complex during initiation of protein biosynthesis. Here we report the characterization and solution NMR structure of Pa-IF1. Pa-IF1 consists of a five-stranded β-sheet with an unusual extended β-strand at the C-terminus and one short α-helix arranged in the sequential order β1-β2-β3-α1-β4-β5. The structure adopts a typical β-barrel fold and contains an oligomer-binding motif. A cluster of basic residues (K39, R41, K42, K64, R66, R70, and R72) located on the surface of strands β4 and β5 near the short α-helix may compose the binding interface with the 30S subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Alejandra Bernal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
| | - James M Bullard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nomura
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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4
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Revel M, Groner Y, Pollack Y, Scheps R, Berissi H. Protein synthesis machinery and the regulation of messenger RNA translation. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2008; 7:69-85. [PMID: 4580347 DOI: 10.1002/9780470719909.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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5
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Choquet CG, Kushner DJ. Use of natural mRNAs in the cell-free protein-synthesizing systems of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola. J Bacteriol 1990; 172:3462-8. [PMID: 1971624 PMCID: PMC209158 DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.6.3462-3468.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro protein synthesis was studied in extracts of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola by using as mRNAs the endogenous mRNA of V. costicola and the RNA of the R17 bacteriophage of Escherichia coli. Protein synthesis (amino acid incorporation) was dependent on the messenger, ribosomes, soluble cytoplasmic factors, energy source, and tRNA(FMet) (in the R17 RNA system) and was inhibited by certain antibiotics. These properties indicated de novo protein synthesis. In the V. costicola system directed by R17 RNA, a protein of the same electrophoretic mobility as the major coat protein of the R17 phage was synthesized. Antibiotic action and the response to added tRNA(FMet) showed that protein synthesis in the R17 RNA system, but not in the endogenous messenger system, absolutely depended on initiation. Optimal activity of both systems was observed in 250 to 300 mM NH4+ (as glutamate). Higher salt concentrations, especially those with Cl- as anion, were generally inhibitory. The R17 RNA-directed system was more sensitive to Cl- ions than the endogenous system was. Glycine betaine stimulated both systems and partly overcame the toxic effects of Cl- ions. Both systems required Mg2+, but in lower concentrations than the polyuridylic acid-directed system previously studied. Initiation factors were removed from ribosomes by washing with 3.0 to 3.5 M NH4Cl, concentrations about three times as high as that needed to remove initiation factors from E. coli ribosomes. Washing with 4.0 M NH4Cl damaged V. costicola ribosomes, although the initiation factors still functioned. Cl- ions inhibited the attachment of initiation factors to tRNA(FMet) but had little effect on binding of initiation factors to R17 RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Choquet
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Ganoza MC, Kofoid EC, Marlière P, Louis BG. Potential secondary structure at translation-initiation sites. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:345-60. [PMID: 3484332 PMCID: PMC340414 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.1.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since translational start codons also occur internally, more-complex features within mRNA must determine initiation. We compare the potential secondary structure of 123 prokaryotic mRNA start regions to that of regions coding for internal methionines. The latter display an unexpectedly-uniform, almost-periodic pattern of pairing potential. In contrast, sequences 5' to start codons have little self-pairing, and do not pair extensively with the proximal coding region. Pairing potential surrounding start codons was found to be less than half of that found near internal AUGs. In groups of random sequences where the distribution of nucleotides at each position, or of trinucleotides at each in-frame codon position, matched the observed natural distribution, there was no periodicity in the pairing potential of the internal sequences. Randomized internal sequences had less pairing: the ratio of pairing intensity between internals and starts was reduced from 2.0 to 1.6 by randomization. We propose that the transition from the relatively-unstructured start domains to the highly-structured internal sequences may be an important determinant of translational start-site recognition.
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7
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Chaires JB, Hawley DA, Wahba AJ. Chain initiation factor 3 crosslinks to E. coli 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits and alters the UV absorbance spectrum of 70S ribosomes. Nucleic Acids Res 1982; 10:5681-93. [PMID: 6755396 PMCID: PMC320916 DOI: 10.1093/nar/10.18.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a direct procedure to determine the proteins near the IF-3 binding site in purified 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits. This procedure introduces only limited numbers of cleavable crosslinks between IF-3 and its nearest neighbors. The cleavable crosslinking reagent, 2-iminothiolane, was used to crosslink IF-3 in place to both 30S and 50S subunits. Ribosomal proteins S9/S11, S12, L2, L5 and L17 were found, by this approach, to be in close proximity to the factor in purified IF-3-subunit complexes. In addition, IF-3 was shown to alter the ultraviolet absorbance spectrum of E. coli 70S ribosomes at 10 mM Mg2+. The magnitude of the observed difference spectrum at a constant IF-3/ribosome ratio of 1.0, is linearly dependent upon ribosome concentration over the range 5 nM - 55 nM. Titration experiments indicated that the observed effect is maximal at an IF-3/ribosome ratio of approximately 1.0. These results are taken to indicate a conformational change in the 70S ribosome induced by IF-3.
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Zipori P, Bosch L, van Duin J. Translation of MS2 RNA in vitro in the absence of initiation factor IF-3. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 92:235-41. [PMID: 103712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An Escherichia coli cell-free translational system, deprived of initiation factor IF-3, has been used to study the role of the factor in protein synthesis. In this system, 30-S ribosomal subunits are preincubated together with MS2 phage RNA in a small volume in the presence of 10 mM Mg(Ac)2; the missing components required for protein synthesis are then added and assembly of elongating ribosomes is allowed to occur. This stepwise assembly process permits formation of functional complexes which can carry out protein synthesis in the complete absence of IF-3. The translational products, obtained in the absence of IF-3, have been analysed and shown to be similar to those synthesized in the presence of the factor. The main product observed is the phage coat protein.
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9
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Gualerzi C, Risuleo G, Pon CL. Initial rate kinetic analysis of the mechanism of initiation complex formation and the role of initiation factor IF-3. Biochemistry 1977; 16:1684-9. [PMID: 322704 DOI: 10.1021/bi00627a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Initial rate kinetics of the formation of ternary complexes of Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunits, poly(uridylic acid), and N-acetylphenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid in the presence and in the absence of IF-3 are consistent with the hypothesis that the ternary complex is formed through a random order of addition of polynucleotide and aminoacyl-tRNA to separate and independent binding sites on the 30S ribosomes. The transformation of an intermediate into a stable ternary complex which probably entails a rearrangement of the ribosome structure leading to a codon-anticodon interaction represents the rate-limiting step in the formation of the ternary complex. The rate constant of this transformation, as well as the association constants for the formation of the 30S-poly(U) and 30S-N-AcPhe-tRNA binary complexes, are enhanced by the presence of IF-3 which acts as a kinetic effector on reactions which are intrinsic properties of the 30S ribosome. The IF-3-induced modification of these kinetic parameters of the 30S ribosomal subunit can per se explain the effect of IF-3 on protein synthesis without invoking a specific action at the level of the mRNA-ribosome interaction. This seems to be confirmed by the finding that IF-3 can stimulate several-fold the formation of a ternary complex even if one by-passes the ribosome-template binding step by starting with a covalent 30S-polynucleotide binary complex. Furthermore, the above-mentioned changes induced by IF-3 appear to be compatible with the previously proposed idea that the binding of the factor modifies the conformation of the 30S subunit. The random order of addition of substrates determined for the 30S-N-AcPhe-tRNA-poly(U) model system was found to be valid also for the more physiological 30S initiation complex containing poly(A,U.G) and (fMet-tRNA formed at low Mg2+ concentration in the presence of GTP and all three initiation factors.
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10
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Michalski CJ, Sells BH, Wahba AJ. Molecular morphology of ribosomes: effect of chain initiation factor 3 on 30 S subunit conformation. FEBS Lett 1976; 71:347-50. [PMID: 793863 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Ewald R, Pon C, Gualerzi C. Reactivity of ribosomal sulfhydryl groups in 30S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli and 30S-IF-3 complexes. Biochemistry 1976; 15:4786-91. [PMID: 791359 DOI: 10.1021/bi00667a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of 30S subunits with the SH group reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) causes the loss of approximately 60% of their synethetic activity, but has little or no effect on the ribosomal binding of initiation factor IF-3. The ribosomal binding of this factor, on the other hand, was found to significantly influence the rate and the extent to which several 30S ribosomal proteins react with radioactively labeled NEM when the reaction kinetics of individual ribosomal proteins toward NEM were compared in 30S and 30S-IF-3 complexes. Of the nine 30S ribosomal proteins which react with NEM, proteins S1, S11, S12, and S18 were found to have lower reactivities, while proteins S4 and S21 displayed higher reactivity in the presence of IF-3. The reactivity of proteins S8, S13, and S17, on the other hand, appeared to be influenced little or not at all by the presence of the factor. These results are interpreted as supporting evidence for the premise that the binding of IF-3 results in a conformational change of the 30S subunit.
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12
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Pon CL, Gualerzi C. Effect of initiation factor 3 binding on the 30S ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:4950-4. [PMID: 4612534 PMCID: PMC434017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.12.4950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Under certain conditions, initiation factor 3 (IF-3) can cause the release of aminoacyl-tRNA bound to 30S ribosomal subunits of E. coli. It is shown that this IF-3-induced aminoacyl-tRNA release cannot be attributed to either nucleolytic attack or competition between IF-3 and aminoacyl-tRNA for the same ribosomal binding site. It was found that the 30S-aminoacyl-tRNA-codon complexes formed in the absence of IF-3 are intrinsically different from those prepared in the presence of IF-3. In the absence of IF-3, the ribosomal binding of aminoacyl-tRNA is a virtually irreversible process, since the bound aminoacyl-tRNA can neither be spontaneously released upon dilution nor exchanged for unbound aminoacyl-tRNA. In the presence of IF-3, the binding of one molecule of IF-3 per 30S ribosome renders the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA reversible upon dilution and promotes exchange between bound and unbound aminoacyl-tRNA. It is suggested that this difference is due to a conformational transition of the 30S ribosomal subunit induced by the binding of IF-3. The possible implications of this finding in relation to the mechanism of action of IF-3 and its functional role in the cell are discussed.
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13
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Dondon J, Godefroy-Colburn T, Graffe M, Grunberg-Manago M. IF-3 requirements for initiation complex formation with synthetic messengers in E. coli system. FEBS Lett 1974; 45:82-7. [PMID: 4606701 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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15
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Schiff N, Miller MJ, Wahba AJ. Purification and Properties of Chain Initiation Factor 3 from T4-infected and Uninfected Escherichia coli MRE 600. J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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16
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Bernal SD, Blumberg BM, Nakamoto T. Requirement of initiation factor 3 in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis with N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1974; 71:774-8. [PMID: 4522791 PMCID: PMC388096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.3.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation factor 3 is required, along with initiation factors 1 and 2, for the incorporation of N-acetylphenylalanine into polypeptides and the formation of N-acetylphenylalanylpuromycin. Initiation factor 3 also strongly stimulates the binding of N-acetylphenylalanyl transfer RNA to isolated 30S ribosomal subunits. Phosphocellulose fractions of initiation factor 3 were found to catalyze N-acetylphenylalanine incorporation differentially with different synthetic messenger RNAs not containing any codons for N-formylmethionine. The results suggest that ribosomes recognize the initiator codon only through the initiator transfer RNA.
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17
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Ganoza MC, Fox JL. Isolation of a Soluble Factor Needed for Protein Synthesis with Various Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Other Than Poly(U). J Biol Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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18
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Vermeer C, Boon J, Talens A, Bosch L. Binding of the initiation factor IF-3 to Escherichia coli ribosomes and MS2 RNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 40:283-93. [PMID: 4589550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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20
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Levin DH, Kyner D, Acs G. Protein initiation in eukaryotes: formation and function of a ternary complex composed of a partially purified ribosomal factor, methionyl transfer RNA, and guanosine triphosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:41-5. [PMID: 4509663 PMCID: PMC433179 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A protein factor contained in a 1 M KCl extract of L-cell ribosomes and partially purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose forms a specific ternary complex with rat-liver Met-tRNA(f) and GTP. The complex is measured by its quantitative retention on nitrocellulose membranes. Complex assembly is optimal at 100 mM KCl and 0.2 mM MgCl(2), and is independent of mRNA and of ribosomes. The GTP requirement can be replaced over 65% by its methylene analogue GDPCH(2)P, indicating that GTP hydrolysis is not involved. Complex formation is inhibited by 10 muM aurintricarboxylic acid, but is unaffected by 100 muM pactamycin, 100 muM fusidic acid, or by excess uncharged methionine tRNA(f). The ternary complex is relatively stable and appears at the void volume during filtration on Sephadex G-100. At 1-3 mM MgCl(2) and in the presence of other factors, the ternary complex is implicated in protein initiation by (i) its capacity to bind to the 40S ribosomal subunit to form a 48S complex; and (ii) the subsequent association of the 48S complex with a 60S subunit to form a functional "80S complex."
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21
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Ganoza MC, Vandermeer J, Debreceni N, Phillips SL. Mechanism of protein chain termination: further characterization of a mutant defective in a new protein synthesis factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:31-5. [PMID: 4567336 PMCID: PMC433177 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant N4316 is conditionally lethal at 43 degrees . At 36 degrees it suppresses the termination codons UGA and UAA, but not the UAG codon or a missense mutant of T4 bacteriophage. In vitro, a factor rescues protein synthesis from a temperature-dependent arrest when N4316 extracts are used with RNA from bacteriophage f2. Analyses of the substrate in the arrested synthesis and of the product of the rescue reaction indicate that the factor works at the level of coat protein termination, and that it also affects the synthesis of noncoat protein products. The rescue factor is different from the release factors RF-1, RF-2, and RF-3. Model systems previously used to study release fail to score for at least one vital function in protein chain termination.
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22
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Kaempfer R, Kaufman J. Translational control of hemoglobin synthesis by an initiation factor required for recycling of ribosomes and for their binding to messenger RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:3317-21. [PMID: 4508325 PMCID: PMC389762 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.11.3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The continued recycling of ribosomes during protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates at 37 degrees requires an initiation factor whose activity is rapidly lost in the absence of added heme. Partially purified factor (i) fully maintains the polysomes; (ii) inhibits the association of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits into single ribosomes; (iii) promotes the quantitative entry of added 60S subunits into polysomes; (iv) allows the accumulation of ribosomal subunits, instead of single ribosomes, when initiation is blocked with aurin tricarboxylate; and (v) is absolutely required for the binding of globin messenger RNA to ribosomes.These properties suggest that this mammalian initiation factor functions analogously to bacterial IF-3. In addition, the translational control of globin synthesis by heme is exerted, directly or indirectly, through this factor.
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23
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Studies on the Role of Guanosine Triphosphate in Polypeptide Chain Initiation in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Kozak M, Nathans D. Translation of the genome of a ribonucleic acid bacteriophage. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1972; 36:109-34. [PMID: 4555183 PMCID: PMC378432 DOI: 10.1128/br.36.1.109-134.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Vermeer C, Talens J, Bloemsma-Jonkman F, Bosch L. Studies on the ribosomal initiation factor F(3). Multiplicity of F(3) and DF activities. FEBS Lett 1971; 19:201-206. [PMID: 11946211 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Vermeer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wassenaarseweg 64 State University Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Grunberg-Manago M, Rabinowitz JC, Dondon J, Lelong JC, Gros F. Different classes of initiation factors F3 and their dissociation activity. FEBS Lett 1971; 19:193-200. [PMID: 11946210 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Grunberg-Manago
- Institut de Biologie Physico-chimique, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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27
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Voorma HO, Benne R, den Hertog TJ. Binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes programmed with bacteriophage MS2-RNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 18:451-62. [PMID: 5545002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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28
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Dubnoff JS, Maitra U. Isolation and properties of polypeptide chain initiation factor FII from Escherichia coli: evidence for a dual function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:318-23. [PMID: 5277078 PMCID: PMC388927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.2.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation factor FII (F(3), factor B) has been purified from Escherichia coli Q13 to apparent homogeneity. It is a heat-stable basic protein, consisting of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 21,000. FII is required, in addition to the other factors FI and FIII, for the formation of a 70S complex containing fMet-tRNA, poly(U,G) (used as a model messenger RNA), and the ribosome. FII also is capable of dissociating 70S ribosomes to 30S and 50S subunits. Evidence is presented that both activities are mediated by the same protein.
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29
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Sala F, Sensi S, Parisi B. Peptide chain initiation in a species of Nostoc and in chloroplasts of Euglena gracilis. FEBS Lett 1970; 10:89-91. [PMID: 11945364 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Sala
- Institutes of Genetics and Botany, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Revel M, Aviv(Greenshpan) H, Groner Y, Pollack Y. Fractionation of translation initiation factor B (F3) into cistron-specific species. FEBS Lett 1970; 9:213-217. [PMID: 11947673 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Revel
- Department of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel
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Kaji H. Intraribosomal environment of the nascent peptide chain. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1970; 29:169-211. [PMID: 4928380 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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