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Nguyen DQ, Kim H, Phan QV, Nguyen DT, Nam UW, Park WK, Sohn J, Choi YJ, Kim S, Youn S, Ye SJ. Measuring and unfolding fast neutron spectra using solution-grown trans-stilbene scintillation detector. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2022.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Náfrádi G, Náfrádi B. Comment on "Solid-State Neutron Detection Based on Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Single Crystals". ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28405-28407. [PMID: 35700339 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Náfrádi
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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Meisenberg O, Buchholz W, Karcher K, Woidy P, Gerstmann UC. Measuring the internal activity of the neutron emitter 252Cf in-vivo: Basics and potentials based on measurements in phantoms. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Taggart MP, Allwork C, Collett M, Hubbard MWJ, Sellin PJ. Assessing the suitability of three proxy sources for the development of detectors of special nuclear materials. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2020; 40:1138-1153. [PMID: 32964864 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab9fdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Numerous techniques and equipment have been developed to provide a capability for the detection of special nuclear materials (SNM), but due to the necessary security measures surrounding these materials alternate, or proxy, neutron sources are often utilised in their stead. In this paper we report the neutron and gamma pulse shape discrimination response of plastic scintillator to mixed neutron/gamma beams produced from two radionuclide neutron sources, and also from an SNM source of weapons-grade plutonium. We discuss the suitability of using radionuclide sources, with appropriate shielding configurations as proxy sources for SNM. A 3σnth-γ discrimination level has been achieved for an SNM source at a low-level energy threshold of ∼220 keVee when a shielding configuration of 5 cm of lead was implemented. Varying amounts of lead and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) shielding were also investigated with the 3σ limit being reached by ∼240 keVee. This work shows that an AmBe neutron source serves as an appropriate SNM proxy achieving a comparable value for figure of merit above ∼1 MeVee. For energies below 1 MeVee down to ∼100 keVee a closer approximation of the expected FoM for SNM can be attained when using 252Cf as a proxy source or by utilising an 'enhanced' AmBe source with the addition of a further low energy γ ray source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Taggart
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Zheng G, Wang J, Wu H, Chen S, Fu W, Zhang M, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Feasibility study of thorium-fueled molten salt reactor with application in radioisotope production. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2019.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mukai K, Konishi S. Preparation for a neutronics experiment using a discharge fusion device and an imaging plate neutron detector. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wilson E, Anderson M, Prendergasty D, Cheneler D. Comparison of CdZnTe neutron detector models using MCNP6 and Geant4. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817008008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of accurate detector models is of high importance in the development and use of detectors. Initially, MCNP and Geant were developed to specialise in neutral particle models and accelerator models, respectively; there is now a greater overlap of the capabilities of both, and it is therefore useful to produce comparative models to evaluate detector characteristics. In a collaboration between Lancaster University, UK, and Innovative Physics Ltd., UK, models have been developed in both MCNP6 and Geant4 of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) detectors developed by Innovative Physics Ltd. Herein, a comparison is made of the relative strengths of MCNP6 and Geant4 for modelling neutron flux and secondary γ-ray emission. Given the increasing overlap of the modelling capabilities of MCNP6 and Geant4, it is worthwhile to comment on differences in results for simulations which have similarities in terms of geometries and source configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Condé
- Research Institute of National Defense, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N. Starfelt
- Research Institute of National Defense, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cucinotta FA. A new approach to reduce uncertainties in space radiation cancer risk predictions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120717. [PMID: 25789764 PMCID: PMC4366386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prediction of space radiation induced cancer risk carries large uncertainties with two of the largest uncertainties being radiation quality and dose-rate effects. In risk models the ratio of the quality factor (QF) to the dose and dose-rate reduction effectiveness factor (DDREF) parameter is used to scale organ doses for cosmic ray proton and high charge and energy (HZE) particles to a hazard rate for γ-rays derived from human epidemiology data. In previous work, particle track structure concepts were used to formulate a space radiation QF function that is dependent on particle charge number Z, and kinetic energy per atomic mass unit, E. QF uncertainties where represented by subjective probability distribution functions (PDF) for the three QF parameters that described its maximum value and shape parameters for Z and E dependences. Here I report on an analysis of a maximum QF parameter and its uncertainty using mouse tumor induction data. Because experimental data for risks at low doses of γ-rays are highly uncertain which impacts estimates of maximum values of relative biological effectiveness (RBEmax), I developed an alternate QF model, denoted QFγAcute where QFs are defined relative to higher acute γ-ray doses (0.5 to 3 Gy). The alternate model reduces the dependence of risk projections on the DDREF, however a DDREF is still needed for risk estimates for high-energy protons and other primary or secondary sparsely ionizing space radiation components. Risk projections (upper confidence levels (CL)) for space missions show a reduction of about 40% (CL∼50%) using the QFγAcute model compared the QFs based on RBEmax and about 25% (CL∼35%) compared to previous estimates. In addition, I discuss how a possible qualitative difference leading to increased tumor lethality for HZE particles compared to low LET radiation and background tumors remains a large uncertainty in risk estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis A. Cucinotta
- Department of Health Physics and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Prelas MA, Weaver CL, Watermann ML, Lukosi ED, Schott RJ, Wisniewski DA. A review of nuclear batteries. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Book reviews. ATOM ENERGY+ 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01229346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Low-energy portion of the spectrum of prompt neutrons from the spontaneous fission of Cf252. ATOM ENERGY+ 1972. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01214545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nagarajan PS, Venkataraman G. Neutron dose distributions for californium-252 sources. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1971; 22:325-9. [PMID: 4997438 DOI: 10.1016/0020-708x(71)90058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Verbinski VV, Burrus WR. Direct and Compound-Nucleus Neutrons from 14-18-MeV Protons onBe9,N14,Al27,Fe56,In115,Ta181, andPb208and from 33-MeV Bremsstrahlung onAl27,Pb206,Pb208, andBi209. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.177.1671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Barnard E, Ferguson A, McMurray W, Van Heerden I. Time-of-flight measurements of neutron spectra from the fission of U235, U238 and Pu239. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1965. [DOI: 10.1016/0029-5582(65)90048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Systematics of prompt fission neutron spectra. ATOM ENERGY+ 1959. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02285442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kovalex BP, Stavinskii VS. Systematics of prompt fission neutron spectra. ATOM ENERGY+ 1958. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01880052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Milton JCD, Fraser JS. Spontaneous Fission Fragment Velocity Measurements and Coincident Gamma Spectra forCf252. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.111.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Stein WE, Whetstone SL. Prompt Neutron Emission from Spontaneous-Fission Modes ofCf252. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1958. [DOI: 10.1103/physrev.110.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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