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Roberts D, Clerk AA. Competition between Two-Photon Driving, Dissipation, and Interactions in Bosonic Lattice Models: An Exact Solution. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:063601. [PMID: 36827562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present an exact solution in arbitrary dimensions for the steady states of a class of quantum driven-dissipative bosonic models, where a set of modes is subject to arbitrary two-photon driving, single-photon loss, and a global Hubbard (or Kerr)-like interaction. Our solutions reveal a wealth of striking phenomena, including the emergence of dissipative phase transitions, nontrivial mode competition physics and symmetry breaking, and the stabilization of many-body SU(1,1) pair-coherent states. Our exact solutions enable the description of spatial correlations, and are fully valid in regimes where traditional mean-field and semiclassical approaches break down.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roberts
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
| | - A A Clerk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637 Illinois, USA
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2
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Stone JR, Moille G, Lu X, Srinivasan K. Conversion Efficiency in Kerr-Microresonator Optical Parametric Oscillators: From Three Modes to Many Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED 2022; 17:024038. [PMID: 36591596 PMCID: PMC9805325 DOI: 10.1103/physrevapplied.17.024038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical parametric oscillation in a Kerr nonlinear microresonator can generate coherent laser light with frequencies that are widely separated from the pump frequency, allowing, for example, visible light to be generated using a near-infrared pump. To be practically useful, the pump-to-signal conversion efficiency must be far higher than what has been demonstrated in microresonator-based oscillators with widely-separated output frequencies. To address this challenge, here we theoretically and numerically study parametric oscillations in Kerr nonlinear microresonators, revealing an intricate solution space that arises from an interplay of nonlinear processes. As a start, we use a three-mode approximation to derive an efficiency-maximizing relation between pump power and frequency mismatch. However, realistic devices, such as integrated microring resonators, support far more than three modes. Hence, a more accurate model that includes the entire modal landscape is necessary to determine potential inefficiencies arising from unwanted competing nonlinear processes. To this end, we numerically simulate the Lugiato-Lefever Equation that accounts for the full spectrum of nonlinearly-coupled resonator modes. We observe and characterize two nonlinear phenomena linked to parametric oscillations in multi-mode resonators: Mode competition and cross phase modulation-induced modulation instability. Both processes may impact conversion efficiency. Finally, we show how to increase the conversion efficiency to ≈ 25 % by tuning the microresonator loss rates. Our analysis will guide microresonator designs that aim for high conversion efficiency and output power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Stone
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
- National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Gregory Moille
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
- National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
- National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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Zheng L, Zhi M, Chan Y, Khan SA. Embedding liquid lasers within or around aqueous microfluidic droplets. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 18:197-205. [PMID: 29184929 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the incorporation of dye-based liquid lasers within or around flowing aqueous microfluidic droplets. In particular, we use dye solutions in benzyl alcohol, and either disperse an ensemble of small (∼20 μm) lasing droplets within large (∼500 μm) aqueous droplets flowing in a simple glass capillary-based microfluidic device, or 'wrap' a thin (∼10 μm) lasing benzyl alcohol shell around larger (∼560 μm) microfluidic aqueous droplets. We experimentally and theoretically characterize the lasing behavior in both cases, which is supported by whispering-gallery mode (WGM) optical resonances at the droplet interfaces. We showcase a simple application of our method, which highlights the advantages of having embedded, spatially segregated laser sources within a droplet containing a model analyte solution. With this method, each microfluidic droplet now functions not only as an isolated experiment flask, but is also capable of on drop sensing that exploits WGM-based lasing, thus expanding the possibilities for online monitoring of biophysical/biochemical processes and sensitive detection of biomolecules in droplet-based microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 3 Engineering Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117582, Singapore.
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Sharafi F, Jahanpanah J. Analytical comparison of pulses generated by locking three and five longitudinal modes in free-running class B lasers. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:9389-9395. [PMID: 27869838 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.009389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We consider the coherent oscillation of five longitudinal modes, which leads to the coupling of modes in the frequency domain and generation of short pulses in the time domain. The aim is to audit the mechanism of mode locking in more detail by extending the analytical solution of the Maxwell-Bloch equations of motion from three to five mode states. The characteristics of pulses including height, repetition, and duration have been calculated for a five-mode class B laser, and the changes are compared with respect to the three-mode state. The effects of other parameters, such as the mean damping rate of cavity mirrors, the frequency detuning of cavity longitudinal modes, and the laser pumping rate have also been investigated. The central and adjacent modes supply the energy of pulses. The amplification gains of five oscillating modes, together with the contribution to forming pulses, are evaluated. It is finally demonstrated that the results satisfy the energy conservation law.
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Kovalsky MG, Hnilo AA, Tredicce JR. Extreme events in the Ti:sapphire laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:4449-4451. [PMID: 22089593 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.004449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental and theoretical evidence of the existence of extreme value events in the form of scarce and randomly emerging giant pulses in the femtosecond (self-pulsing or Kerr-lens mode-locked) Ti:sapphire laser. This laser displays complex dynamical behavior, including deterministic chaos, in two different regimes. The extreme value pulses are observed in the chaotic state of only one of these two regimes. The observations agree with the predictions of a well-tested theoretical model that does not include noise or self-Q-switching into its framework. This implies that, in this laser, the extreme effects have a nontrivial dynamical origin. The Ti:sapphire laser is hence revealed as a new and convenient system for the study of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Kovalsky
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones (CEILAP), CITEDEF-CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
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Pérez-Serrano A, Javaloyes J, Balle S. Longitudinal mode multistability in Ring and Fabry-Pérot lasers: the effect of spatial hole burning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3284-3289. [PMID: 21369150 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically discuss the impact of the cavity configuration on the possible longitudinal mode multistability in homogeneously broadened lasers. Our analysis is based on the most general form of a Travelling-Wave Model for which we present a method that allows us to evaluate the monochromatic solutions as well as their eigenvalue spectrum. We find, in agreement with recent experimental reports, that multistability is more easily reached in Ring than in Fabry-Pérot cavities which we attribute to the different amount of Spatial-Hole Burning in each configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pérez-Serrano
- IFISC (UIB-CSIC), C/Valldemossa km. 7’5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Zhukovsky SV, Chigrin DN. Optical memory based on ultrafast wavelength switching in a bistable microlaser. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:3310-3312. [PMID: 19881577 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose an optical memory cell based on ultrafast wavelength switching in coupled-cavity microlasers, featuring bistability between modes separated by several nanometers. A numerical implementation is demonstrated by simulating a two-dimensional photonic crystal microlaser. Switching times of less than 10 ps, switching energy around 15-30 fJ, and on-off contrast of more than 40 dB are achieved. Theoretical guidelines for optimizing the performance of the memory cell in terms of switching time and energy are drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Zhukovsky
- Theoretical Nano-Photonics Group, Institute of High-Frequency and Communication Technology, Faculty of Electrical, Information, and Media Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Strasse 21, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Martel C, Hoyuelos M. Scale disparities in the complex Swift-Hohenberg equation for lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2006; 74:036206. [PMID: 17025728 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.74.036206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex Swift-Hohenberg (CSH) equation is a generic order parameter equation that applies to many physical systems. In the case of class C lasers, it can be obtained from the Maxwell-Bloch equations using the assumptions of slow envelope and small detuning. We show that the resulting CSH equation inevitably contains different asymptotic order terms, associated with the dominance of the effect of dispersion over diffusion. These scale disparities are usually overlooked or simply not mentioned in the literature, assuming that a CSH equation with all terms of the same order still provides qualitative information. In this paper, the asymptotically nonuniform CSH equation is carefully deduced using a simpler scaling-free procedure, and a stability analysis of the simplest solutions together with some numerical simulations are presented, in which the mentioned scale disparities are clearly seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martel
- Departamento de Fundamentos Matemáticos, ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Lecoeuche V, Randoux S, Ségard B, Zemmouri J. Dynamics of a Brillouin fiber ring laser: Off-resonant case. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:2822-2828. [PMID: 9913197 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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10
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Corbalán R, Cortit J, Prati F. Competition and bistability of longitudinal modes in a Raman laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:481-485. [PMID: 9912905 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Loudon R, Shackleton CJ, Harris M, Shepherd TJ, Vaughan JM. Gain and noise in subthreshold longitudinal laser modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 50:658-674. [PMID: 9910936 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Jakobsen PK, Lega J, Feng Q, Staley M, Moloney JV, Newell AC. Nonlinear transverse modes of large-aspect-ratio homogeneously broadened lasers: I. Analysis and numerical simulation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1994; 49:4189-4200. [PMID: 9910719 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.4189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Jakobsen PK, Moloney JV, Newell AC, Indik R. Space-time dynamics of wide-gain-section lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:8129-8137. [PMID: 9906907 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.8129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Fu H, Haken H. Self-pulsing in a band model for dye lasers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1990; 42:4151-4163. [PMID: 9904516 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.4151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ning C, Haken H. Detuned lasers and the complex Lorenz equations: Subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations. PHYSICAL REVIEW A 1990; 41:3826-3837. [PMID: 9903557 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.41.3826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Fu H. Analytic self-pulsing solutions and their instabilities in a homogeneously broadened ring laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1989; 40:1868-1891. [PMID: 9902345 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.40.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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McMackin I, Radzewicz C, Beck M, Raymer MG. Instabilities and chaos in a multimode, standing-wave, cw dye laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 38:820-832. [PMID: 9900446 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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18
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Lugiato LA, Prati F, Narducci LM, Ru P, Tredicce JR, Bandy DK. Role of transverse effects in laser instabilities. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 37:3847-3866. [PMID: 9899497 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Elgin JN, Garza JB. Traveling-wave solutions of the Maxwell-Bloch equations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1987; 35:3986-3988. [PMID: 9898636 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.35.3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Puccioni GP, Tratnik MV, Sipe JE, Oppo GL. Low instability threshold in a laser operating in both states of polarization. OPTICS LETTERS 1987; 12:242-244. [PMID: 19738852 DOI: 10.1364/ol.12.000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We show that the instability threshold for a laser in which both polarizations are active can be much lower than the Haken second threshold and does not require the bad-cavity limit.
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Tarroja MF, Abraham NB, Bandy DK, Narducci LM. Periodic and chaotic output pulsations in a single-mode inhomogeneously broadened laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1986; 34:3148-3158. [PMID: 9897632 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.34.3148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Lugiato LA, Narducci LM, Squicciarini MF. Exact linear stability analysis of the plane-wave Maxwell-Bloch equations for a ring laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1986; 34:3101-3108. [PMID: 9897627 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.34.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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