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Triana-Arango F, Ramírez-Alarcón R, Ramos-Ortiz G. Entangled Two-Photon Absorption in Transmission-Based Experiments: Deleterious Effects from Linear Optical Losses. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2210-2219. [PMID: 38446597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Recently different experimental schemes have been proposed to study the elusive phenomenon of entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) in nonlinear materials. The attempts to detect ETPA using transmission-based schemes have led to results whose validity is currently under debate because the ETPA signal can be corrupted or emulated by artifacts associated with linear optical losses. The present work addresses the issue of linear losses and the corresponding artifacts in transmission-based ETPA experiments through a new approach that exploits the properties of a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferogram. Here, we analyze solutions of rhodamine B (RhB), commonly used as a model of a nonlinear medium in ETPA studies. Then, by using the HOM interferometer as a sensing device, we first demonstrate the equivalence of the standard transmission vs pump power ETPA experiments, presented in many reports, with our novel approach of transmission vs two-photon temporal delay. Second, a detailed study of the effects of optical losses, unrelated to ETPA, over the HOM interferogram is carried out by: (1) characterizing RhB in solutions prepared with different solvents and (2) considering scattering losses introduced by silica nanoparticles used as a controlled linear loss mechanism. Our results clearly expose the deleterious effects of linear optical losses over the ETPA signal when standard transmission experiments are employed and show how, by using the HOM interferogram as a sensing device, it is possible to detect the presence of such losses. Finally, once we showed that the HOM interferogram discriminates properly linear losses, our study also reveals that under the specific experimental conditions considered here, which are the same as those employed in many reported works, the ETPA was not unequivocally detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freiman Triana-Arango
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A. C., A. P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
| | | | - Gabriel Ramos-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A. C., A. P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, México
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Coherence and Anticoherence Induced by Thermal Fields. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24050692. [PMID: 35626575 PMCID: PMC9141475 DOI: 10.3390/e24050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interesting coherence and correlations appear between superpositions of two bosonic modes when the modes are parametrically coupled to a third intermediate mode and are also coupled to external modes which are in thermal states of unequal mean photon numbers. Under such conditions, it is found that one of linear superpositions of the modes, which is effectively decoupled from the other modes, can be perfectly coherent with the other orthogonal superposition of the modes and can simultaneously exhibit anticoherence with the intermediate mode, which can give rise to entanglement between the modes. It is shown that the coherence effects have a substantial effect on the population distribution between the modes, which may result in lowering the population of the intermediate mode. This shows that the system can be employed to cool modes to lower temperatures. Furthermore, for appropriate thermal photon numbers and coupling strengths between the modes, it is found that entanglement between the directly coupled superposition and the intermediate modes may occur in a less restricted range of the number of the thermal photons such that the modes could be strongly entangled, even at large numbers of the thermal photons.
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Orieux A, Versteegh MAM, Jöns KD, Ducci S. Semiconductor devices for entangled photon pair generation: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:076001. [PMID: 28346219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is one of the most fascinating properties of quantum mechanical systems; when two particles are entangled the measurement of the properties of one of the two allows the properties of the other to be instantaneously known, whatever the distance separating them. In parallel with fundamental research on the foundations of quantum mechanics performed on complex experimental set-ups, we assist today with bourgeoning of quantum information technologies bound to exploit entanglement for a large variety of applications such as secure communications, metrology and computation. Among the different physical systems under investigation, those involving photonic components are likely to play a central role and in this context semiconductor materials exhibit a huge potential in terms of integration of several quantum components in miniature chips. In this article we review the recent progress in the development of semiconductor devices emitting entangled photons. We will present the physical processes allowing the generation of entanglement and the tools to characterize it; we will give an overview of major recent results of the last few years and highlight perspectives for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Orieux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. IRIF UMR 8243, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
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Wu ZQ, Cao H, Zhang HL, Ma SJ, Huang JH. Experimental proposal for performing nonlocal measurement of a product observable. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:27331-27339. [PMID: 27906305 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.027331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the restrictions on quantum measurement imposed by relativistic causality, it is not easy to perform a nonlocal measurement on spacelike separated systems instantaneously. Here we design an experiment in an optical system to perform the nonlocal measurement of a product observable on a two-qubit system, where a maximally-entangled two-qubit state, acting as an ancillary meter, and three identical Kerr media are used to couple the system under consideration and the target meter. It is shown that the nonlocal measurement of the product observable, σzA⊗σzB, which has two degenerate eigenvalues, could be implemented in a deterministic way without violating relativistic causality.
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Nespoli M, Goan HS, Shih MH. Vernier-like super resolution with guided correlated photon pairs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:300-307. [PMID: 26832261 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a dispersion-enabled, ultra-low power realization of super-resolution in an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Our scheme is based on a Vernier-like effect in the coincident detection of frequency correlated, non-degenerate photon pairs at the sensor output in the presence of group index dispersion. We design and simulate a realistic integrated refractive index sensor in a silicon nitride on silica platform and characterize its performance in the proposed scheme. We present numerical results showing a sensitivity improvement upward of 40 times over a traditional sensing scheme. The device we design is well within the reach of modern semiconductor fabrication technology. We believe this is the first metrology scheme that uses waveguide group index dispersion as a resource to attain super-resolution.
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Romero J, Leach J, Jack B, Dennis MR, Franke-Arnold S, Barnett SM, Padgett MJ. Entangled optical vortex links. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:100407. [PMID: 21469778 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical vortices are lines of phase singularity which percolate through all optical fields. We report the entanglement of linked optical vortex loops in the light produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. As measured by using a Bell inequality, this entanglement between topological features extends over macroscopic and finite volumes. The entanglement of photons in complex three-dimensional topological states suggests the possibility of entanglement of similar features in other quantum systems describable by complex scalar functions, such as superconductors, superfluids, and Bose-Einstein condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Romero
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Jack B, Leach J, Romero J, Franke-Arnold S, Ritsch-Marte M, Barnett SM, Padgett MJ. Holographic ghost imaging and the violation of a Bell inequality. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:083602. [PMID: 19792729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.083602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the contrast enhancement of images within a ghost-imaging system by use of nonlocal phase filters. We use parametric down-conversion as the two-photon light source and two separated phase modulators, in the signal and idler arms which represent different phase filters and objects, respectively. We obtain edge enhanced images as a direct consequence of the quantum correlations in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the down-converted photon pairs. For phase objects, with differently orientated edges, we show a violation of a Bell-type inequality for an OAM subspace, thereby unambiguously revealing the quantum nature of our ghost-imaging arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jack
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Lu YJ, Campbell RL, Ou ZY. Mode-locked two-photon states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:163602. [PMID: 14611404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The concept of mode locking in laser is applied to a two-photon state with frequency entanglement. Cavity enhanced parametric down conversion is found to produce exactly such a state. The mode-locked two-photon state exhibits a comblike correlation function. An unbalanced Hong-Ou-Mandel type interferometer is used to measure the correlation function. A revival of the typical interference dip is observed. We will discuss a scheme for engineering of quantum states in time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Ou ZY. Parametric down-conversion with coherent pulse pumping and quantum interference between independent fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/1355-5111/9/4/009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Barbosa GA. Direct and ghost interference in double-slit experiments with coincidence measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 54:3489-3492. [PMID: 9913875 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.3489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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HUELGA SUSANAF, FERRERO MIGUEL, SANTOS EMILIO. Proposed New Polarization Correlation Test of Local Realisma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Joobeur A, Saleh BE, Teich MC. Spatiotemporal coherence properties of entangled light beams generated by parametric down-conversion. PHYSICAL REVIEW A 1994; 50:3349-3361. [PMID: 9911284 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ryff LC. Franson's experiment using polarized photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 48:1020-1022. [PMID: 9909700 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ou ZY, Pereira SF, Kimble HJ. Realization of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox for continuous variables in nondegenerate parametric amplification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00325015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Agarwal GS, Chaturvedi S, Tara K, Srinivasan V. Classical phase changes in nonlinear processes and their quantum counterparts. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:4904-4910. [PMID: 9907573 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Venugopalan A, Ghosh R. Wigner-function description of quantum-mechanical nonlocality. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:6109-6114. [PMID: 9906675 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.6109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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18
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Su C, Wódkiewicz K. Quantum versus stochastic or hidden-variable fluctuations in two-photon interference effects. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:6097-6108. [PMID: 9906674 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.6097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Brendel J, Mohler E, Martienssen W. Time-resolved dual-beam two-photon interferences with high visibility. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 66:1142-1145. [PMID: 10044006 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.66.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lee CT. General criteria for nonclassical photon statistics in multimode radiations. OPTICS LETTERS 1990; 15:1386-1388. [PMID: 19771099 DOI: 10.1364/ol.15.001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Using Muirhead's inequality based on the concept of majorization, general criteria for nonclassical photon statistics of arbitrary orders and involving any number of modes of radiations are derived. For the case of second-order correlations, it implies that both intramode antibunching and intermode bunching can contribute toward making multimode radiations nonclassical.
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Campos RA, Saleh BE, Teich MC. Fourth-order interference of joint single-photon wave packets in lossless optical systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1990; 42:4127-4137. [PMID: 9904514 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Richter T. Interference and quantum effects in third-order spatial intensity correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1990; 42:1817-1820. [PMID: 9904223 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ou ZY, Wang LJ, Mandel L. Vacuum effects on interference in two-photon down conversion. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1989; 40:1428-1435. [PMID: 9902277 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.40.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ou ZY, Mandel L. Further evidence of nonclassical behavior in optical interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 62:2941-2944. [PMID: 10040133 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Grangier P, Potasek MJ, Yurke B. Probing the phase coherence of parametrically generated photon pairs: A new test of Bell's inequalities. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 38:3132-3135. [PMID: 9900738 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ou ZY, Mandel L. Observation of spatial quantum beating with separated photodetectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 61:54-57. [PMID: 10038692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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27
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Hong CK, Ou ZY, Mandel L. Interference between a fluorescent photon and a classical field: An example of nonclassical interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 37:3006-3009. [PMID: 9900035 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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28
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Ou ZY. Quantum theory of fourth-order interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 37:1607-1619. [PMID: 9899835 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Hong CK, Ou ZY, Mandel L. Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 59:2044-2046. [PMID: 10035403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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30
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Ghosh R, Mandel L. Observation of nonclassical effects in the interference of two photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1987; 59:1903-1905. [PMID: 10035364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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