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Orlandi GL. Absolute and non-invasive determination of the electron bunch length in a free electron laser using a bunch compressor monitor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6319. [PMID: 38491040 PMCID: PMC10943132 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In a linac driven Free Electron Laser (FEL), the shot-to-shot and non-invasive monitoring of the electron bunch length is normally ensured by Bunch Compressor Monitors (BCMs). The bunch-length dependent signal of a BCM results from the detection and integration-over a given frequency band-of the temporal coherent enhancement of the radiation spectral energy emitted by the electron beam while experiencing a longitudinal compression. In this work, we present a method that permits to express the relative variation of the bunch length as a function of the relative statistical fluctuations of the BCM and charge signals. Furthermore, in the case of a BCM equipped with two detectors simultaneously operating in two distinct wavelength bands, the method permits an absolute determination of the electron bunch length. The proposed method is beneficial to a FEL. Thanks to it, the machine compression feedback can be tuned against the absolute measurement of the bunch length rather than a bunch-length dependent signal. In a CW-superconducting-linac driven FEL, it can offer the precious opportunity to implement a fully non-invasive and absolute diagnostics of the bunch length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Orlandi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland.
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2
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Watt R, O’Shea B. A differentiable simulation package for performing inference of synchrotron-radiation-based diagnostics. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:409-419. [PMID: 38363224 PMCID: PMC10914167 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The direction of particle accelerator development is ever-increasing beam quality, currents and repetition rates. This poses a challenge to traditional diagnostics that directly intercept the beam due to the mutual destruction of both the beam and the diagnostic. An alternative approach is to infer beam parameters non-invasively from the synchrotron radiation emitted in bending magnets. However, inferring the beam distribution from a measured radiation pattern is a complex and computationally expensive task. To address this challenge we present SYRIPY (SYnchrotron Radiation In PYthon), a software package intended as a tool for performing inference of synchrotron-radiation-based diagnostics. SYRIPY has been developed using PyTorch, which makes it both differentiable and able to leverage the high performance of GPUs, two vital characteristics for performing statistical inference. The package consists of three modules: a particle tracker, Lienard-Wiechert solver and Fourier optics propagator, allowing start-to-end simulation of synchrotron radiation detection to be carried out. SYRIPY has been benchmarked against SRW, the prevalent numerical package in the field, showing good agreement and up to a 50× speed improvement. Finally, we have demonstrated how SYRIPY can be used to perform Bayesian inference of beam parameters using stochastic variational inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie Watt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Brendan O’Shea
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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3
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Lamač M, Mima K, Nejdl J, Chaulagain U, Bulanov SV. Anomalous Relativistic Emission from Self-Modulated Plasma Mirrors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:205001. [PMID: 38039469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of intense laser pulses with plasma mirrors has demonstrated the ability to generate high-order harmonics, producing a bright source of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation and attosecond pulses. Here, we report an unexpected transition in this process. We show that the loss of spatiotemporal coherence in the reflected high harmonics can lead to a new regime of highly efficient coherent XUV generation, with an extraordinary property where the radiation is directionally anomalous, propagating parallel to the mirror surface. With analytical calculations and numerical particle-in-cell simulations, we discover that the radiation emission is due to laser-driven oscillations of relativistic electron nanobunches that originate from a plasma surface instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamač
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, Dolní Břežany 25241, Czechia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, Prague 2, 12116, Czechia
| | - K Mima
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - J Nejdl
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, Dolní Břežany 25241, Czechia
- Faculty of Nuclear Science and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 7, Prague 1, 11519, Czechia
| | - U Chaulagain
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, Dolní Břežany 25241, Czechia
| | - S V Bulanov
- ELI Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, Dolní Břežany 25241, Czechia
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, 619-0215 Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Sanchez del Rio M, Celestre R, Reyes-Herrera J, Brumund P, Cammarata M. A fast and lightweight tool for partially coherent beamline simulations in fourth-generation storage rings based on coherent mode decomposition. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1354-1367. [PMID: 36345743 PMCID: PMC9641568 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522008736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new algorithm to perform coherent mode decomposition of undulator radiation is proposed. It is based on separating the horizontal and vertical directions, reducing the problem by working with one-dimension wavefronts. The validity conditions of this approximation are discussed. Simulations require low computer resources and run interactively on a laptop. The focusing with lenses of the radiation emitted by an undulator in a fourth-generation storage ring (EBS-ESRF) is studied. Results are compared against multiple optics packages implementing a variety of methods for dealing with partial coherence: full two-dimension coherent mode decomposition, Monte Carlo combination of wavefronts from electrons entering the undulator with different initial conditions, and hybrid ray-tracing correcting geometrical optics with wave optics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Celestre
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Reyes-Herrera
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philipp Brumund
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Cammarata
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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5
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Karnieli A, Rivera N, Arie A, Kaminer I. Superradiance and Subradiance due to Quantum Interference of Entangled Free Electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:060403. [PMID: 34420316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When multiple quantum emitters radiate, their emission rate may be enhanced or suppressed due to collective interference in a process known as super- or subradiance. Such processes are well known to occur also in light emission from free electrons, known as coherent cathodoluminescence. Unlike atomic systems, free electrons have an unbounded energy spectrum, and, thus, all their emission mechanisms rely on electron recoil, in addition to the classical properties of the dielectric medium. To date, all experimental and theoretical studies of super- and subradiance from free electrons assumed only classical correlations between particles. However, dependence on quantum correlations, such as entanglement between free electrons, has not been studied. Recent advances in coherent shaping of free-electron wave functions motivate the investigation of such quantum regimes of super- and subradiance. In this Letter, we show how a pair of coincident path-entangled electrons can demonstrate either super- or subradiant light emission, depending on the two-particle wave function. By choosing different free-electron Bell states, the spectrum and emission pattern of the light can be reshaped, in a manner that cannot be accounted for by a classical mixed state. We show these results for light emission in any optical medium and discuss their generalization to many-body quantum states. Our findings suggest that light emission can be sensitive to the explicit quantum state of the emitting matter wave and possibly serve as a nondestructive measurement scheme for measuring the quantum state of many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Karnieli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ady Arie
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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6
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Remez R, Karnieli A, Trajtenberg-Mills S, Shapira N, Kaminer I, Lereah Y, Arie A. Observing the Quantum Wave Nature of Free Electrons through Spontaneous Emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:060401. [PMID: 31491157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the interpretation of the free-electron wave function using spontaneous emission. We use a transversely wide single-electron wave function to describe the spatial extent of transverse coherence of an electron beam in a standard transmission electron microscope. When the electron beam passes next to a metallic grating, spontaneous Smith-Purcell radiation is emitted. We then examine the effect of the electron wave function transversal size on the emitted radiation. Two interpretations widely used in the literature are considered: (1) radiation by a continuous current density attributed to the quantum probability current, equivalent to the spreading of the electron charge continuously over space; and (2) interpreting the square modulus of the wave function as a probability distribution of finding a point particle at a certain location, wherein the electron charge is always localized in space. We discuss how these two interpretations give contradictory predictions for the radiation pattern in our experiment, comparing the emission from narrow and wide wave functions with respect to the emitted radiation's wavelength. Matching our experiment with a new quantum-electrodynamics derivation, we conclude that the measurements can be explained by the probability distribution approach wherein the electron interacts with the grating as a classical point charge. Our findings clarify the transition between the classical and quantum regimes and shed light on the mechanisms that take part in general light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roei Remez
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Aviv Karnieli
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Sivan Trajtenberg-Mills
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Niv Shapira
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yossi Lereah
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ady Arie
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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7
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Tsarev M, Baum P. Coherent transition radiation from attosecond electron pulses. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920502018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We show theoretically and by simulations how coherent transition radiation from tilted surfaces can be used for characterization of attosecond free-electron pulses such as used for pump-probe electron microscopy and diffraction. The tilted geometries eliminate velocity-mismatch and beam-diameter effects, providing sensitivity to attosecond times even for almost arbitrarily large beam diameters.
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8
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Ko JH, Kim G, Kim C, Kang HS, Ko IS. Coherent synchrotron radiation monitor for microbunching instability in XFEL. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:063302. [PMID: 29960564 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbunching instability is an important issue in an X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). The intensity of the Free Electron Laser (FEL) can be reduced significantly by the microbunching instability so that the laser heater is widely used to reduce it. In the X-ray Free Electron Laser of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL-XFEL), to directly monitor the microbunching instability, a visible charge coupled device camera was included into the coherent radiation monitor which uses a pyroelectric detector. It enabled us to measure the microbunching instability more clearly and optimize the FEL lasing in the PAL-XFEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Ko
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Gyujin Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 790-834, South Korea
| | - Changbum Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 790-834, South Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Kang
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 790-834, South Korea
| | - In Soo Ko
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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9
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Steinmann JL, Blomley E, Brosi M, Bründermann E, Caselle M, Hesler JL, Hiller N, Kehrer B, Mathis YL, Nasse MJ, Raasch J, Schedler M, Schönfeldt P, Schuh M, Schwarz M, Siegel M, Smale N, Weber M, Müller AS. Frequency-Comb Spectrum of Periodic-Patterned Signals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:174802. [PMID: 27824451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.174802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using arbitrary periodic pulse patterns we show the enhancement of specific frequencies in a frequency comb. The envelope of a regular frequency comb originates from equally spaced, identical pulses and mimics the single pulse spectrum. We investigated spectra originating from the periodic emission of pulse trains with gaps and individual pulse heights, which are commonly observed, for example, at high-repetition-rate free electron lasers, high power lasers, and synchrotrons. The ANKA synchrotron light source was filled with defined patterns of short electron bunches generating coherent synchrotron radiation in the terahertz range. We resolved the intensities of the frequency comb around 0.258 THz using the heterodyne mixing spectroscopy with a resolution of down to 1 Hz and provide a comprehensive theoretical description. Adjusting the electron's revolution frequency, a gapless spectrum can be recorded, improving the resolution by up to 7 and 5 orders of magnitude compared to FTIR and recent heterodyne measurements, respectively. The results imply avenues to optimize and increase the signal-to-noise ratio of specific frequencies in the emitted synchrotron radiation spectrum to enable novel ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy and metrology applications from the terahertz to the x-ray region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes L Steinmann
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Edmund Blomley
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Miriam Brosi
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erik Bründermann
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michele Caselle
- Institute for Data Processing and Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Hiller
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kehrer
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yves-Laurent Mathis
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael J Nasse
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Juliane Raasch
- Institute of Micro- und Nanoelectronic Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manuel Schedler
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrik Schönfeldt
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marcel Schuh
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarz
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Siegel
- Institute of Micro- und Nanoelectronic Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nigel Smale
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marc Weber
- Institute for Data Processing and Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Anke-Susanne Müller
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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11
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Relativistic electron mirrors from nanoscale foils for coherent frequency upshift to the extreme ultraviolet. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1763. [PMID: 23612304 PMCID: PMC3644103 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Reflecting light from a mirror moving close to the speed of light has been envisioned as a route towards producing bright X-ray pulses since Einstein’s seminal work on special relativity. For an ideal relativistic mirror, the peak power of the reflected radiation can substantially exceed that of the incident radiation due to the increase in photon energy and accompanying temporal compression. Here we demonstrate for the first time that dense relativistic electron mirrors can be created from the interaction of a high-intensity laser pulse with a freestanding, nanometre-scale thin foil. The mirror structures are shown to shift the frequency of a counter-propagating laser pulse coherently from the infrared to the extreme ultraviolet with an efficiency >104 times higher than in the case of incoherent scattering. Our results elucidate the reflection process of laser-generated electron mirrors and give clear guidance for future developments of a relativistic mirror structure. By reflecting light from a relativistically moving mirror, its frequency can be changed, which could create X-rays from visible light. Kiefer et al. make such a mirror from relativistic electrons formed by an intense laser striking a nanofoil, and shift a laser pulse from the infrared to the extreme ultraviolet.
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12
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Perucchi A, Di Mitri S, Penco G, Allaria E, Lupi S. The TeraFERMI terahertz source at the seeded FERMI free-electron-laser facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:022702. [PMID: 23464184 DOI: 10.1063/1.4790428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe the project for the construction of a terahertz (THz) beamline to be called TeraFERMI at the seeded FERMI free electron laser (FEL) facility in Trieste, Italy. We discuss topics as the underlying scientific case, the choice of the source, the expected performance, and THz beam propagation. Through electron beam dynamics simulations we show that the installation of the THz source in the beam dump section provides a new approach for compressing the electron bunch length without affecting FEL operation. Thanks to this further compression of the FEL electron bunch, the TeraFERMI facility is expected to provide THz pulses with energies up to the mJ range during normal FEL operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perucchi
- Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, I-34012 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
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13
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Proposal for generation of high-intensity monochromatic Cherenkov radiation in THz range by femtosecond electron bunches in impurity-doped semiconductor tube. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Shen Y, Yang X, Carr GL, Hidaka Y, Murphy JB, Wang X. Tunable few-cycle and multicycle coherent terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:204801. [PMID: 22181737 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.204801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of tunable, narrow-band, few-cycle and multicycle coherent terahertz (THz) pulses from a temporally modulated relativistic electron beam. We demonstrate that the frequency of the THz radiation and the number of the oscillation cycles of the THz electric field can be tuned by changing the modulation period of the electron beam through a temporally shaped photocathode drive laser. The central frequency of the THz spectrum is tunable from ∼0.26 to 2.6 THz with a bandwidth of ∼0.16 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Shen
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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15
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Yim C, Hong J, Parc Y, Jung S, Han D, Ryu J, Park J, Kang HS, Ko IS. Note: Recent achievements at the 60-MeV linac for sub-picosecond terahertz radiation at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:106104. [PMID: 22047342 DOI: 10.1063/1.3652980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A femtosecond (fs) terahertz (THz) linac has been constructed to generate fs-THz radiation by using ultrashort electron beam at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. To generate an ultrashort electron beam with 60-MeV energy, a chicane bunch compressor has been adopted. Simulation studies have been conducted to design the linac. In this note, recent achievements at 60-MeV linac are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmook Yim
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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16
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Sütterlin D, Erni D, Schlott V, Sigg H, Jäckel H, Murk A. Single-shot electron bunch length measurements using a spatial electro-optical autocorrelation interferometer. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:104702. [PMID: 21034105 DOI: 10.1063/1.3480997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A spatial, electro-optical autocorrelation (EOA) interferometer using the vertically polarized lobes of coherent transition radiation (CTR) has been developed as a single-shot electron bunch length monitor at an optical beam port downstream the 100 MeV preinjector LINAC of the Swiss Light Source. This EOA monitor combines the advantages of step-scan interferometers (high temporal resolution) [D. Mihalcea et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 9, 082801 (2006) and T. Takahashi and K. Takami, Infrared Phys. Technol. 51, 363 (2008)] and terahertz-gating technologies [U. Schmidhammer et al., Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 94, 95 (2009) and B. Steffen et al., Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 12, 032802 (2009)] (fast response), providing the possibility to tune the accelerator with an online bunch length diagnostics. While a proof of principle of the spatial interferometer was achieved by step-scan measurements with far-infrared detectors, the single-shot capability of the monitor has been demonstrated by electro-optical correlation of the spatial CTR interference pattern with fairly long (500 ps) neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser pulses in a ZnTe crystal. In single-shot operation, variations of the bunch length between 1.5 and 4 ps due to different phase settings of the LINAC bunching cavities have been measured with subpicosecond time resolution.
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17
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Hulbert SL, Williams GP. Calculations of synchrotron radiation emission in the transverse coherent limit. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:106103. [PMID: 19895092 DOI: 10.1063/1.3234262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present approximations for the synchrotron radiation emission for low emittance light sources, which provide a connection between user needs and the electron beam parameters. The results and calculations are a consequence of the phase coherence in the emission from the electrons. We derive the remarkable result that if the electron beam is energetic enough, the emitted flux is independent of the photon energy, electron beam energy, or bending radius in the transverse coherent limit. Similarly the brightness is identical for all machines at a given current.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hulbert
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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18
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Holldack K, Khan S, Mitzner R, Quast T. Femtosecond terahertz radiation from femtoslicing at BESSY. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:054801. [PMID: 16486938 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond far-infrared radiation pulses in the THz spectral range were observed as a consequence of the energy modulation of 1.7 GeV electrons by femtosecond laser pulses in the BESSY storage ring in order to generate femtosecond x-ray pulses ("femtoslicing"). In addition to being crucial for diagnostics of the laser-electron interaction, the THz radiation itself is useful for experiments where intense ultrashort THz pulses of well-defined temporal and spectral characteristics are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holldack
- Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung m.b.H. (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Guidi MC, Piccinini M, Marcelli A, Nucara A, Calvani P, Burattini E. Optical performances of SINBAD, the synchrotron infrared beamline at DAphiNE. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2005; 22:2810-7. [PMID: 16396043 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.22.002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SINBAD (Synchrotron Infrared Beamline At DAphiNE) is the first Italian synchrotron radiation beamline operating in the infrared range. It collects the radiation emitted by DANE, an electron-positron collider designed to work at 0.51 GeV with a beam current I> 1 A. The actual performances of the beamline, in terms of brilliance gain with respect to blackbodies and polarization properties, are presented and discussed. Finally, the stability of the SINBAD source, a critical issue for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Cestelli Guidi
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati-Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Italy.
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Korbly SE, Kesar AS, Sirigiri JR, Temkin RJ. Observation of frequency-locked coherent terahertz Smith-Purcell radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 94:054803. [PMID: 15783652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.054803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of enhanced coherent Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR) at terahertz (THz) frequencies from a train of picosecond bunches of 15 MeV electrons passing above a grating. SPR is more intense than other sources, such as transition radiation, by a factor of Ng, the number of grating periods. For electron bunches that are short compared with the radiation wavelength, coherent emission occurs, enhanced by a factor of Ne, the number of electrons in the bunch. The electron beam consists of a train of Nb bunches, giving an energy density spectrum restricted to harmonics of the 17 GHz bunch train frequency, with an increased energy density at these frequencies by a factor of Nb. We report the first observation of SPR displaying all three of these enhancements, NgNeNb. This powerful SPR THz radiation can be detected with a high signal to noise ratio by a heterodyne receiver.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Korbly
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 167 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Williams GP. High-power terahertz synchrotron sources. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2004; 362:403-13; discussion 413-4. [PMID: 15306529 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2003.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic waves, or light, are produced by accelerating electrons according to the formula assigned the name of Sir Joseph Larmor, who was secretary of The Royal Society from 1901 to 1912. For relativistic electrons the emission is enhanced by the fourth power of the increase in mass. Thus for 10 MeV electrons, for which the mass increases by a factor of 21, the enhancement is a factor of 200000. We have generated high-power broadband THz light using relativistic electrons and demonstrated that ca. 100 W can readily be produced in a band from 0.1 to 3 THz with possible extensions to 6 THz. The experiments use a new generation of light source in which bunches of electrons circulate once, but in which their energy is recovered. In such a machine the electron bunches can be very much shorter than those, say, in storage rings or synchrotrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Williams
- Free Electron Laser Facility, Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606, USA.
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Carr GL, Martin MC, McKinney WR, Jordan K, Neil GR, Williams GP. Very High Power THz Radiation Sources. J Biol Phys 2003; 29:319-25. [PMID: 23345851 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024481818029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the production of high power (20watts average, ∼ 1 Megawatt peak) broadbandTHz light based on coherent emission fromrelativistic electrons. Such sources areideal for imaging, for high power damagestudies and for studies of non-linearphenomena in this spectral range. Wedescribe the source, presenting theoreticalcalculations and their experimentalverification. For clarity we compare thissource with one based on ultrafast lasertechniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Carr
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, National Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA
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Carr GL, Martin MC, McKinney WR, Jordan K, Neil GR, Williams GP. High-power terahertz radiation from relativistic electrons. Nature 2002; 420:153-6. [PMID: 12432385 DOI: 10.1038/nature01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2002] [Accepted: 09/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation, which lies in the far-infrared region, is at the interface of electronics and photonics. Narrow-band THz radiation can be produced by free-electron lasers and fast diodes. Broadband THz radiation can be produced by thermal sources and, more recently, by table-top laser-driven sources and by short electron bunches in accelerators, but so far only with low power. Here we report calculations and measurements that confirm the production of high-power broadband THz radiation from subpicosecond electron bunches in an accelerator. The average power is nearly 20 watts, several orders of magnitude higher than any existing source, which could enable various new applications. In particular, many materials have distinct absorptive and dispersive properties in this spectral range, so that THz imaging could reveal interesting features. For example, it would be possible to image the distribution of specific proteins or water in tissue, or buried metal layers in semiconductors; the present source would allow full-field, real-time capture of such images. High peak and average power THz sources are also critical in driving new nonlinear phenomena and for pump-probe studies of dynamical properties of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Carr GL, Martin MC, McKinney WR, Jordan K, Neil GR, Williams GP. Very high power THz radiation at Jefferson Lab. Phys Med Biol 2002; 47:3761-4. [PMID: 12452565 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/47/21/313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the production of high power (20 W average, approximately 1 MW peak) broadband THz light based on coherent emission from relativistic electrons. We describe the source, presenting theoretical calculations and their experimental verification. For clarity we compare this source with that based on ultrafast laser techniques, and in fact the radiation has qualities closely analogous to those produced by such sources, namely that it is spatially coherent, and comprises short duration pulses with transform-limited spectral content. In contrast to conventional THz radiation, however, the intensity is many orders of magnitude greater due to the relativistic enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Carr
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 1197, USA
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Shibata Y, Takahashi T, Kanai T, Ishi K, Ikezawa M, Ohkuma J, Okuda S, Okada T. Diagnostics of an electron beam of a linear accelerator using coherent transition radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1994; 50:1479-1484. [PMID: 9962116 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.50.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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