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Del Campo Fonseca A, Ahmed D. Ultrasound robotics for precision therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 205:115164. [PMID: 38145721 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of microrobots in precision therapy has gained significant attention. The small size and maneuverability of these micromachines enable them to potentially access regions that are difficult to reach using traditional methods; thus, reducing off-target toxicities and maximizing treatment effectiveness. Specifically, acoustic actuation has emerged as a promising method to exert control. By harnessing the power of acoustic energy, these small machines potentially navigate the body, assemble at the desired sites, and deliver therapies with enhanced precision and effectiveness. Amidst the enthusiasm surrounding these miniature agents, their translation to clinical environments has proven difficult. The primary objectives of this review are threefold: firstly, to offer an overview of the fundamental acoustic principles employed in the field of microrobots; secondly, to assess their current applications in medical therapies, encompassing tissue targeting, drug delivery or even cell infiltration; and lastly, to delve into the continuous efforts aimed at integrating acoustic microrobots into in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Del Campo Fonseca
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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2
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Vincent S, Marchiano R, Thomas JL. Filtered Lebedev quadrature method for robust and efficient beam shape coefficient estimation in acoustic tweezers calibration. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:4016-4027. [PMID: 38156800 DOI: 10.1121/10.0024147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers offer a contactless, three-dimensional, and selective approach to trapping objects by harnessing the acoustic radiation force. Precise control of this technique requires accurate calibration of the force, which depends on the object's properties and the spherical harmonics expansion of the incident field through the beam shape coefficients. Previous studies showed that these coefficients can be determined using either the Lebedev quadrature or the angular spectrum methods. However, the former is highly susceptible to noise, while the latter demands extensive implementation time due to the number of required measurement points. A filtered method with a reduced number of points is introduced to address these limitations. Initially, we emphasize the implicit filtering in the angular spectrum method, allowing relative noise insensitivity. Subsequently, we present its unfiltered version, enabling force estimation of a standing field. Finally, we develop a filtered method based on the Lebedev quadrature, requiring fewer points, and apply it to focused vortex beams. Numerical evaluation of the radiation force demonstrates the method's resilience to noise and a reduced need for points compared to previous methods. The filtered Lebedev method paves the way for characterizing high-frequency acoustic tweezers, where measurement constraints necessitate rapid and robust beam shape coefficient estimation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Régis Marchiano
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
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3
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Vincent S, Challande P, Marchiano R. Calibration of the axial stiffness of a single-beam acoustic tweezers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:095102. [PMID: 37668511 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-beam acoustic tweezers have recently been demonstrated to be capable of selective three-dimensional trapping. This new contactless manipulation modality has great potential for many scientific applications. Its development as a scientific tool requires precise calibration of its radiation force, specifically its axial component. The lack of calibration for this force is mainly due to its weak magnitude compared to competing effects such as weight. We investigate an experimental method for the calibration of the axial stiffness of the radiation force by observing the axial oscillations of a trapped bead in a microgravity environment. The stiffness exhibits a linear relationship with the acoustic intensity and is of the mN/m order. Then, a predictive model, loaded with the experimental acoustic field, is compared to the measured stiffness with very good agreement, within a single amplitude coefficient. This study paves the way for the development of calibrated acoustic tweezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Paris 75005, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pascal Challande
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Paris 75005, France
| | - Régis Marchiano
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7190, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Paris 75005, France
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4
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Ghanem MA, Maxwell AD, Dalecki D, Sapozhnikov OA, Bailey MR. Phase holograms for the three-dimensional patterning of unconstrained microparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9160. [PMID: 37280230 PMCID: PMC10244404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic radiation forces can remotely manipulate particles. Forces from a standing wave field align microscale particles along the nodal or anti-nodal locations of the field to form three-dimensional (3D) patterns. These patterns can be used to form 3D microstructures for tissue engineering applications. However, standing wave generation requires more than one transducer or a reflector, which is challenging to implement in vivo. Here, a method is developed and validated to manipulate microspheres using a travelling wave from a single transducer. Diffraction theory and an iterative angular spectrum approach are employed to design phase holograms to shape the acoustic field. The field replicates a standing wave and aligns polyethylene microspheres in water, which are analogous to cells in vivo, at pressure nodes. Using Gor'kov potential to calculate the radiation forces on the microspheres, axial forces are minimized, and transverse forces are maximized to create stable particle patterns. Pressure fields from the phase holograms and resulting particle aggregation patterns match predictions with a feature similarity index > 0.92, where 1 is a perfect match. The resulting radiation forces are comparable to those produced from a standing wave, which suggests opportunities for in vivo implementation of cell patterning toward tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ghanem
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Adam D Maxwell
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Diane Dalecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Oleg A Sapozhnikov
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Physics Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Michael R Bailey
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Heo J, Park JH, Kim HJ, Pahk K, Pahk KJ. Sonothrombolysis with an acoustic net-assisted boiling histotripsy: A proof-of-concept study. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 96:106435. [PMID: 37178667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Whilst sonothrombolysis is a promising and noninvasive ultrasound technique for treating blood clots, bleeding caused by thrombolytic agents used for dissolving clots and potential obstruction of blood flow by detached clots (i.e., embolus) are the major limitations of the current approach. In the present study, a new sonothrombolysis method is proposed for treating embolus without the use of thrombolytic drugs. Our proposed method involves (a) generating a spatially localised acoustic radiation force in a blood vessel against the blood flow to trap moving blood clots (i.e., generation of an acoustic net), (b) producing acoustic cavitation to mechanically destroy the trapped embolus, and (c) acoustically monitoring the trapping and mechanical fractionation processes. Three different ultrasound transducers with different purposes were employed in the proposed method: (1) 1-MHz dual focused ultrasound (dFUS) transducers for capturing moving blood clots, (2) a 2-MHz High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) source for fractionating blood clots and (3) a passive acoustic emission detector with broad bandwidth (10 kHz to 20 MHz) for receiving and analysing acoustic waves scattered from a trapped embolus and acoustic cavitation. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, in vitro experiments with an optically transparent blood vessel-mimicking phantom filled with a blood mimicking fluid and a blood clot (1.2 to 5 mm in diameter) were performed with varying the dFUS and HIFU exposure conditions under various flow conditions (from 1.77 to 6.19 cm/s). A high-speed camera was used to observe the production of acoustic fields, acoustic cavitation formation and blood clot fragmentation within a blood vessel by the proposed method. Numerical simulations of acoustic and temperature fields generated under a given exposure condition were also conducted to further interpret experimental results on the proposed sonothrombolysis. Our results clearly showed that fringe pattern-like acoustic pressure fields (fringe width of 1 mm) produced in a blood vessel by the dFUS captured an embolus (1.2 to 5 mm in diameter) at the flow velocity up to 6.19 cm/s. This was likely to be due to the greater magnitude of the dFUS-induced acoustic radiation force exerted on an embolus in the opposite direction to the flow in a blood vessel than that of the drag force produced by the flow. The acoustically trapped embolus was then mechanically destructed into small pieces of debris (18 to 60 μm sized residual fragments) by the HIFU-induced strong cavitation without damaging the blood vessel walls. We also observed that acoustic emissions emitted from a blood clot captured by the dFUS and cavitation produced by the HIFU were clearly distinguished in the frequency domain. Taken together, these results can suggest that our proposed sonothrombolysis method could be used as a promising tool for treating thrombosis and embolism through capturing and destroying blood clots effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Heo
- Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hyo Jun Kim
- LAAS-CNRS, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Kisoo Pahk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Joo Pahk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Cao HX, Jung D, Lee HS, Nguyen VD, Choi E, Kim CS, Park JO, Kang B. Fabrication, Acoustic Characterization and Phase Reference-Based Calibration Method for a Single-Sided Multi-Channel Ultrasonic Actuator. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2182. [PMID: 36557481 PMCID: PMC9782305 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasonic actuator can be used in medical applications because it is label-free, biocompatible, and has a demonstrated history of safe operation. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in using an ultrasonic actuator in the non-contact manipulation of micromachines in various materials and sizes for therapeutic applications. This research aims to design, fabricate, and characterize a single-sided transducer array with 56 channels operating at 500 kHz, which provide benefits in the penetration of tissue. The fabricated transducer is calibrated using a phase reference calibration method to reduce position misalignment and phase discrepancies caused by acoustic interaction. The acoustic fields generated by the transducer array are measured in a 300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm container filled with de-ionized water. A hydrophone is used to measure the far field in each transducer array element, and the 3D holographic pattern is analyzed based on the scanned acoustic pressure fields. Next, the phase reference calibration is applied to each transducer in the ultrasonic actuator. As a result, the homogeneity of the acoustic pressure fields surrounding the foci area is improved, and the maximum pressure is also increased in the twin trap. Finally, we demonstrate the capability to trap and manipulate micromachines with acoustic power by generating a twin trap using both optical camera and ultrasound imaging systems in a water medium. This work not only provides a comprehensive study on acoustic actuators but also inspires the next generation to use acoustics in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Xuan Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Jung
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Du Nguyen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Sei Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjeon Kang
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Data Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Mohanty S, Fidder RJ, Matos PM, Heunis CM, Kaya M, Blanken N, Misra S. SonoTweezer: An Acoustically Powered End-Effector for Underwater Micromanipulation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:988-997. [PMID: 34990355 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3140745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in contactless micromanipulation strategies have revolutionized prospects of robotic manipulators as next-generation tools for minimally invasive surgeries. In particular, acoustically powered phased arrays offer dexterous means of manipulation both in air and water. Inspired by these phased arrays, we present SonoTweezer: a compact, low-power, and lightweight array of immersible ultrasonic transducers capable of trapping and manipulation of sub-mm sized agents underwater. Based on a parametric investigation with numerical pressure field simulations, we design and create a six-transducer configuration, which is small compared to other reported multi-transducer arrays (16-256 elements). Despite the small size of array, SonoTweezer can reach pressure magnitudes of 300 kPa at a low supply voltage of 25 V to the transducers, which is in the same order of absolute pressure as multi-transducer arrays. Subsequently, we exploit the compactness of our array as an end-effector tool for a robotic manipulator to demonstrate long-range actuation of sub-millimeter agents over a hundred times the agent's body length. Furthermore, a phase-modulation over its individual transducers allows our array to locally maneuver its target agents at sub-mm steps. The ability to manipulate agents underwater makes SonoTweezer suitable for clinical applications considering water's similarity to biological media, e.g., vitreous humor and blood plasma. Finally, we show trapping and manipulation of micro-agents under medical ultrasound (US) imaging modality. This application of our actuation strategy combines the usage of US waves for both imaging and micromanipulation.
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Raskolnikov D, Bailey MR, Harper JD. Recent Advances in the Science of Burst Wave Lithotripsy and Ultrasonic Propulsion. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022. [PMID: 37090444 PMCID: PMC10117400 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9847952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a common, painful condition that requires surgery in many patients whose stones do not pass spontaneously. Recent technologic advances have enabled the use of ultrasonic propulsion to reposition stones within the urinary tract, either to relieve symptoms or facilitate treatment. Burst wave lithotripsy (BWL) has emerged as a noninvasive technique to fragment stones in awake patients without significant pain or renal injury. We review the preclinical and human studies that have explored the use of these two technologies. We envision that BWL will fill an unmet need for the noninvasive treatment of patients with nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Raskolnikov
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael R. Bailey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Harper
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bollen V, Marston PL. Phase and amplitude evolution of backscattering by a sphere scanned through an acoustic vortex beam: Measured helicity projections. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 148:EL135. [PMID: 32873041 DOI: 10.1121/10.0001697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
While acoustic vortex beams have many potential applications, the full implication of the phase information available in scattering experiments has not been developed. The present paper concerns observables in measured near-backward scattering from a sphere in water raster scanned through a first-order acoustic vortex beam. Symmetrically placed transducer elements were operated in a transmit-receive mode. Helicity-dependent projections of the spatial evolution of the scattering were used to display magnitude and phase information. The resulting phase swirl patterns were projection dependent and especially sensitive to the transverse position of the sphere. The magnitude also depended on the sphere's position relative to the beam's axial null.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Bollen
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, ,
| | - Philip L Marston
- Physics and Astronomy Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, ,
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Ghanem MA, Maxwell AD, Wang YN, Cunitz BW, Khokhlova VA, Sapozhnikov OA, Bailey MR. Noninvasive acoustic manipulation of objects in a living body. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16848-16855. [PMID: 32631991 PMCID: PMC7382215 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001779117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In certain medical applications, transmitting an ultrasound beam through the skin to manipulate a solid object within the human body would be beneficial. Such applications include, for example, controlling an ingestible camera or expelling a kidney stone. In this paper, ultrasound beams of specific shapes were designed by numerical modeling and produced using a phased array. These beams were shown to levitate and electronically steer solid objects (3-mm-diameter glass spheres), along preprogrammed paths, in a water bath, and in the urinary bladders of live pigs. Deviation from the intended path was on average <10%. No injury was found on the bladder wall or intervening tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ghanem
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105;
| | - Adam D Maxwell
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Yak-Nam Wang
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Bryan W Cunitz
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Vera A Khokhlova
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
- Physics Faculty, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg A Sapozhnikov
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
- Physics Faculty, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael R Bailey
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Norris EG, Dalecki D, Hocking DC. Using Acoustic Fields to Fabricate ECM-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications. RECENT PROGRESS IN MATERIALS 2020; 2:1-24. [PMID: 33604591 PMCID: PMC7889011 DOI: 10.21926/rpm.2003018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool for both characterizing and fabricating engineered biomaterials. Ultrasound-based technologies offer a diverse toolbox with outstanding capacity for optimization and customization within a variety of therapeutic contexts, including improved extracellular matrix-based materials for regenerative medicine applications. Non-invasive ultrasound fabrication tools include the use of thermal and mechanical effects of acoustic waves to modify the structure and function of extracellular matrix scaffolds both directly, and indirectly via biochemical and cellular mediators. Materials derived from components of native extracellular matrix are an essential component of engineered biomaterials designed to stimulate cell and tissue functions and repair or replace injured tissues. Thus, continued investigations into biological and acoustic mechanisms by which ultrasound can be used to manipulate extracellular matrix components within three-dimensional hydrogels hold much potential to enable the production of improved biomaterials for clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Diane Dalecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Denise C Hocking
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Burst wave lithotripsy and ultrasonic propulsion of kidney stones are novel, noninvasive emerging technologies to separately or synergistically fragment and reposition stones in an office setting. The purpose of this review is to discuss the latest refinements in technology, to update on testing of safety and efficacy, and to review future applications. RECENT FINDINGS Burst wave lithotripsy produced consistent, small passable fragments through transcutaneous applications in a porcine model, while producing minimal injury and clinical trials are now underway. A more efficient ultrasonic propulsion design that can also deliver burst wave lithotripsy effectively repositioned 95% of stones in 18 human participants (18 of 19 kidneys) and clinical trials continue. Acoustic tractor beam technology is an emerging technology with promising clinical applications through the manipulation of macroscopic objects. SUMMARY The goal of the reviewed work is an office-based system to image, fragment, and reposition urinary stones to facilitate their natural passage. The review highlights progress in establishing safety, effectiveness, and clinical benefit of these new technologies. The work is also anticipating challenges in clinical trials and developing the next generation of technology to improve on the technology as it is being commercialized today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony T. Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael R. Bailey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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