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Neupane CP, Sylvester J, Singhapurage HAS, Senarathna RMDM, Ganikhanov F. Time-resolved nonlinear optical spectroscopy of perovskites. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:5621-5631. [PMID: 38439283 DOI: 10.1364/oe.509234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast decay of optical phonons has been studied in wide-bandgap BaSnO3 and SrTiO3 perovskites using nonlinear spectroscopy with 120 femtosecond time resolution. The coherent Raman mode excitations have been selected and traced with tunable optical pulses. Decay of symmetry forbidden modes of vibrations have been detected directly in time. Phonon decay rates for the main LO- and TO- phonon modes have been found to be within 1.36-1.78 ps-1 and are explained in terms of parametric phonon interactions and pure dephasing mechanisms in the materials that are of interest in microelectronic applications.
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Sippel P, Albrecht W, van der Bok JC, Van Dijk-Moes RJA, Hannappel T, Eichberger R, Vanmaekelbergh D. Femtosecond cooling of hot electrons in CdSe quantum-well platelets. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2409-2416. [PMID: 25764379 DOI: 10.1021/nl504706w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum wells are ubiquitous in high-performance optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and lasers. Understanding and controlling of the (hot) carrier dynamics is essential to optimize their performance. Here, we study hot electron cooling in colloidal CdSe quantum-well nanoplatelets using ultrafast two-photon photoemission spectroscopy at low excitation intensities, resulting typically in 1-5 hot electrons per platelet. We observe initial electron cooling in the femtosecond time domain that slows down with decreasing electron energy and is finished within 2 ps. The cooling is considerably faster at cryogenic temperatures than at room temperature, and at least for the systems that we studied, independent of the thickness of the platelets (here 3-5 CdSe units) and the presence of a CdS shell. The cooling rates that we observe are orders of magnitude faster than reported for similar CdSe platelets under strong excitation. Our results are understood by a classic cooling mechanism with emission of longitudinal optical phonons without a significant influence of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sippel
- †Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Hannappel
- ∥Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, D-98684 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Rainer Eichberger
- †Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
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Nozik AJ. Spectroscopy and hot electron relaxation dynamics in semiconductor quantum wells and quantum dots. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2001; 52:193-231. [PMID: 11326064 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of a semiconductor with photons above the semiconductor band gap creates electrons and holes that are out of equilibrium. The rates at which the photogenerated charge carriers return to equilibrium via thermalization through carrier scattering, cooling by phonon emission, and radiative and nonradiative recombination are important issues. The relaxation processes can be greatly affected by quantization effects that arise when the carriers are confined to regions of space that are small compared with their deBroglie wavelength or the Bohr radius of bulk excitons. The effects of size quantization in semiconductor quantum wells (carrier confinement in one dimension) and quantum dots (carrier confinement in three dimensions) on the respective carrier relaxation processes are reviewed, with emphasis on electron cooling dynamics. The implications of these effects for applications involving radiant energy conversion are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nozik
- The National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Center for Basic Sciences, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
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Lei XL, Cui HL, Horing NJM. Hot-electron transient transport in GaAs-AlGaAs heterosystems with finite proton relaxation times. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/20/15/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nozik AJ. Quantum well and superlattice electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(97)81102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Mosko M, Pelouard JL, Pardo F. Transmitted-acoustic-phonon drag between two-dimensional electron gases in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs systems at low temperatures: Monte Carlo study. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:5830-5842. [PMID: 9981773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Král K. Electrophonon resonance in AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs quasi-two-dimensional quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:7640-7654. [PMID: 9974748 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.7640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rosenwaks Y, Hanna MC, Levi DH, Szmyd DM, Ahrenkiel RK, Nozik AJ. Hot-carrier cooling in GaAs: Quantum wells versus bulk. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:14675-14678. [PMID: 10007896 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Fromhold TM, Butcher PN, Qin G, Mulimani BG, Oxley JP, Gallagher BL. Phonon-drag magnetothermopower oscillations in GaAs/AsxGa1-xAs heterojunctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:5326-5332. [PMID: 10009051 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Korenman V. Comment on "Nature of coupled-mode contributions to hot-electron relaxation in semiconductors". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:2916. [PMID: 10044588 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Leo K, Collet JH. Influence of electron-hole scattering on the plasma thermalization in doped GaAs. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:5535-5539. [PMID: 9998390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lax M, Cai W, Hu P, Zheng TF, Yudanin B, Marchetti M. COUPLING BETWEEN 2-D ELECTRONS IN QUANTUM WELLS AND 3-D PHONONS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb22717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sarma SD, Jain JK, Jalabert R. Many-body theory of energy relaxation in an excited-electron gas via optical-phonon emission. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1990; 41:3561-3571. [PMID: 9994153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Marchetti MC, Pötz W. Relaxation of photoexcited electron-hole plasma in quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:12391-12402. [PMID: 9991871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jain JK. Role of discrete slab phonons in carrier relaxation in semiconductor quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1989; 62:2305-2308. [PMID: 10039910 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.62.2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Joshi RP, Ferry DK. Hot-phonon effects and interband relaxation processes in photoexcited GaAs quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 39:1180-1187. [PMID: 9948299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Zheng TF, Cai W, Lax M. Nonequilibrium transport of an electron-phonon-hole system in a semiconductor quantum well. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:1406-1416. [PMID: 9946404 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jain JK, Jalabert R. Theory of hot-electron energy loss in polar semiconductors: Role of plasmon-phonon coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:6290-6296. [PMID: 9943867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.6290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Jain JK, Jalabert R. Effect of phonon self-energy correction on hot-electron relaxation in two-dimensional semiconductor systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:4560-4566. [PMID: 9945114 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Cai W, Marchetti MC, Lax M. Nonequilibrium phonon effects on hot-electron transport in semiconductor heterojunctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:2636-2644. [PMID: 9944816 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Jain JK, Jalabert R. Many-body effects in a nonequilibrium electron-lattice system: Coupling of quasiparticle excitations and LO phonons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1988; 60:353-356. [PMID: 10038520 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.60.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Jain JK, Jalabert R. Hot-electron relaxation in GaAs quantum wells. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 37:1228-1230. [PMID: 9944630 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Lei XL, Horing NJ. Thermal-noise temperature of GaAs heterosystems for steady-state hot-electron transport with nonequilibrium phonons. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 36:4238-4248. [PMID: 9943402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.4238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Marchetti MC, Cai W. Hot-electron relaxation in quantum-well structures: Multisubband occupation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 35:7725-7728. [PMID: 9941088 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.7725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lei XL, Horing NJ. Nonlinear balance equations for hot-electron transport with finite phonon-relaxation time. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 35:6281-6294. [PMID: 9940860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.6281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Cai W, Marchetti MC, Lax M. Nonequilibrium phonon effect on time-dependent relaxation of hot electrons in semiconductor heterojunctions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1987; 35:1369-1372. [PMID: 9941543 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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