|
1
|
Mikkelä MH, Jänkälä K, Huttula M, Björneholm O, Tchaplyguine M. Free silver nanoparticles doped by potassium: Work-function change in experiment and theory. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:234708. [PMID: 34241256 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition-dependent change in the work-function (WF) of binary silver-potassium nanoparticles has been studied experimentally by synchrotron-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and theoretically using a microscopic jellium model of metals. The Ag-K particles with different K fractions were produced by letting a beam of preformed Ag particles pass through a volume with K vapor. The PES on a beam of individual non-supported Ag-K nanoparticles created in this way allowed a direct absolute measurement of their WF, avoiding several usual shortcomings of the method. Experimentally, the WF has been found to be very sensitive to K concentration: Already at low exposure, it decreased down to ≈2 eV-below the value of pure K. In the jellium modeling, considered for Ag-K nanoparticles, two principally different adsorption patterns were tested: without and with K diffusion. The experimental and calculation results together suggest that only efficient surface alloying of two metals, whose immiscibility was long-term textbook knowledge, could lead to the observed WF values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari Jänkälä
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Huttula
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Saha S, Jana M, Samanta P, Murmu NC, Kuila T. Efficient Access of Voltammetric Charge in Hybrid Supercapacitor Configured with Potassium Incorporated Nanographitic Structure Derived from Cotton (Gossypium arboreum) as Negative and Ni(OH)2/rGO Composite as Positive Electrode. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Saha
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Milan Jana
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Pranab Samanta
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Naresh C. Murmu
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, India
| | - Tapas Kuila
- Surface Engineering & Tribology Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, India
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Lee BJ, Gebhardt C, Schröder H, Kompa K, Dürr M. Observation of ionic desorption channels in cluster-induced desorption of alkali halides – Influence of surface electronic properties and surface configuration. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
|
4
|
Gorelik D, Aloni S, Eitle J, Meyler D, Haase G. The role of adsorbed alkali metal atoms in the enhancement of surface reactivity: A scanning tunneling microscopy study of low coverage K/Si(111)7×7 surfaces. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
|
5
|
Zhao W, Verhoef RW, Asscher M. Diffusion of potassium on Re(001) investigated by coverage grating-optical second-harmonic diffraction. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
|
6
|
Neumann A, Schroeder SL, Christmann K. Adsorption of sodium and potassium on a gold(100) surface: An example of alkali-metal-induced deconstruction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:17007-17022. [PMID: 9978712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.17007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
7
|
Brune H, Wintterlin J, Behm RJ, Ertl G. Reconstructive adsorption of Na on Al(111) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:13592-13613. [PMID: 9978163 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
8
|
Watson GM, Brühwiler PA, Sagner HJ, Frank KH, Plummer EW. Observation of a discontinous nonmetal-to-metal disorder-to-order transition in an alkali overlayer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:17678-17681. [PMID: 9976189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.17678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
9
|
Bormet J, Neugebauer J, Scheffler M. Chemical trends and bonding mechanisms for isloated adsorbates on Al(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:17242-17252. [PMID: 10010903 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.17242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
10
|
Andrews AB, Riffe DM, Wertheim GK. Surface core-level shifts of Ta(110) and W(110) versus alkali-metal-atom coverage: Implications for the alkali-metal-substrate interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:8396-8401. [PMID: 10009608 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.8396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
11
|
Stampfl C, Scheffler M, Over H, Burchhardt J, Nielsen M, Adams DL, Moritz W. LEED structural analysis of Al(111)-K-( sqrt 3 x sqrt 3 )R30 degrees: Identification of stable and metastable adsorption sites. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:4959-4972. [PMID: 10011430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
12
|
Bagus PS, Pacchioni G. Core-level binding-energy shifts due to ionic adsorbates. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:15262-15273. [PMID: 10008062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
13
|
Neugebauer J, Scheffler M. Mechanisms of island formation of alkali-metal adsorbates on Al(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:577-580. [PMID: 10055311 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
|
14
|
Riffe DM, Wertheim GK, Citrin PH. Riffe, Wertheim, and Citrin reply. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:207. [PMID: 10054414 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
|
15
|
Shi X, Tang D, Heskett D, Tsuei K, Ishida H, Morikawa Y, Terakura K. Coverage-dependent core-level binding-energy shifts of alkali-metal atoms on metal surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:4014-4017. [PMID: 10006520 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
16
|
Rudolf P, Astaldi C, Bianco A, Modesti S. Ca chemisorption on Cu(100) in the submonolayer regime: Metastable and stable adsorption phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:4123-4126. [PMID: 10006548 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
17
|
Neugebauer J, Scheffler M. Adsorbate-substrate and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions of Na and K adlayers on Al(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:16067-16080. [PMID: 10003746 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.16067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 948] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
|
18
|
Fisher D, Diehl RD. Structural study of the submonolayer phases of potassium overlayers on Ni(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:2512-2522. [PMID: 10003928 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
19
|
Ma Y, Chen CT, Meigs G, Sette F, Illing G, Shigakawa H. Potassium-induced charge redistribution on Si(111) surfaces studied by core-level photoemission spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:5961-5964. [PMID: 10000336 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.5961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
|
20
|
Li ZY, Hock KM, Palmer RE. Phase transitions and excitation spectrum of submonolayer potassium on graphite. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:1562-1565. [PMID: 10044187 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|