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Das T, Di Liberto G, Pacchioni G. Quantum confinement in chalcogenides 2D nanostructures from first principles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:405301. [PMID: 35868296 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of quantum confinement on the band gap of chalcogenides 2D nanostructures by means of density functional theory. We studied six different systems: MoS2, WS2, SnS2, GaS, InSe, and HfS2and we simulated nanosheets of increasing thickness, ranging from ultrathin films to ∼10-13 nm thick slabs, a size where the properties converge to the bulk. In some cases, the convergence of the band gap with slab thickness is rather slow, and sizeable deviations from the bulk value are still present with few nm-thick sheets. The results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data, finding a quantitative agreement. The impact of quantum confinement can be rationalized in terms of effective masses of electrons and holes and system's size. These results show the possibility of reliably describing quantum confinement effects on systems for which experimental data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilak Das
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
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Iwe N, Raspe K, Müller M, Martinez F, Schweikhard L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Size and charge-state dependence of detachment energies of polyanionic silver clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:164303. [PMID: 34717355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of silver clusters (N up to 800) charged by attachment of up to z = 7 excess electrons are investigated. As an essential preparation step, the technique of in-trap electron attachment to size-selected monoanions within a linear Paul trap is applied. By taking advantage of tunable laser pulses, the photoelectron spectra allow us to evaluate details of the electronic structure of polyanionic metal clusters, giving a multidimensional dataset. The subsequent analysis based on the liquid drop model provides information about the atomic structure and the bulk work function at a hitherto unknown quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Mikkelä MH, Jänkälä K, Huttula M, Björneholm O, Tchaplyguine M. Free silver nanoparticles doped by potassium: Work-function change in experiment and theory. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:234708. [PMID: 34241256 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition-dependent change in the work-function (WF) of binary silver-potassium nanoparticles has been studied experimentally by synchrotron-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and theoretically using a microscopic jellium model of metals. The Ag-K particles with different K fractions were produced by letting a beam of preformed Ag particles pass through a volume with K vapor. The PES on a beam of individual non-supported Ag-K nanoparticles created in this way allowed a direct absolute measurement of their WF, avoiding several usual shortcomings of the method. Experimentally, the WF has been found to be very sensitive to K concentration: Already at low exposure, it decreased down to ≈2 eV-below the value of pure K. In the jellium modeling, considered for Ag-K nanoparticles, two principally different adsorption patterns were tested: without and with K diffusion. The experimental and calculation results together suggest that only efficient surface alloying of two metals, whose immiscibility was long-term textbook knowledge, could lead to the observed WF values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari Jänkälä
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Huttula
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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Constantin LA, Fabiano E, Della Sala F. Semilocal Pauli-Gaussian Kinetic Functionals for Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory Calculations of Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4385-4390. [PMID: 30019904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic energy (KE) approximations are key elements in orbital-free density functional theory. To date, the use of nonlocal functionals, possibly employing system-dependent parameters, has been considered mandatory in order to obtain satisfactory accuracy for different solid-state systems, whereas semilocal approximations are generally regarded as unfit to this aim. Here, we show that, instead, properly constructed semilocal approximations, the Pauli-Gaussian (PG) KE functionals, especially at the Laplacian level of theory, can indeed achieve similar accuracy as nonlocal functionals and can be accurate for both metals and semiconductors, without the need for system-dependent parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian A Constantin
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Barsanti , I-73010 Arnesano , Italy
| | - Eduardo Fabiano
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Barsanti , I-73010 Arnesano , Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM) , Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Barsanti , I-73010 Arnesano , Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM) , Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento , 73100 Lecce , Italy
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Kaur J, Kant R. Curvature-Induced Anomalous Enhancement in the Work Function of Nanostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2870-2874. [PMID: 26267172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An analytical theory to estimate the electronic work function in curved geometries is formulated under Thomas-Fermi approximation. The work function is framed as the work against the electrostatic self-capacitive energy. The contribution of surface curvature is characterized by mean and Gaussian curvature (through multiple scattering expansion). The variation in work function of metal and semimetal nanostructures is shown as the consequence of surface radius of curvature comparable to electronic screening length. For ellipsoidal particles, the maximum value of work function is observed at the equator and poles for oblate and prolate particles, respectively, whereas triaxial ellipsoid shows nonuniform distribution of the work function over the surface. Similarly, theory predicts manifold increase in the work function for a particle with atomic scale roughness. Finally, the theory is validated with experimental data, and it is concluded that the work function of a nanoparticle can be tailored through its shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Kaur
- Complex Systems Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, University Road, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rama Kant
- Complex Systems Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, University Road, New Delhi 110007, India
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Harbola MK, Banerjee A. Many-Electron Problem in Terms of the Density: From Thomas–Fermi to Modern Density-Functional Theory. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s021963360300046x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we focus on the use of electron density and current-density as basic variables in describing a many-electron system. We start with a discussion of the seminal Thomas–Fermi theory and its extension by Bloch for time-dependent hamiltonians. We then present modern density-functional theory (for both time-independent and time-dependent hamiltonians) and approximations involved in implementing it. Also discussed is perturbation theory in terms of electron density and its use for calculating various response properties and related quantities. In particular, van der Waals coefficient C6 is calculated using density and current density in time-dependent perturbation theory. Throughout the paper, results for alkali-metal clusters are presented to demonstrate the strength of density-based theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K. Harbola
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Laser Physics Division, Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
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Alipour M, Mohajeri A. Computational Insight into the Static and Dynamic Polarizabilities of Aluminum Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:12709-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106772n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Alipour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
| | - Afshan Mohajeri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran
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Density functional theory of clusters of nontransition metals using simple models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-61132-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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9
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Stairs JR, Davis KM, Peppernick SJ, Castleman AW. Delayed ionization of the zirconium Met-Car, Zr8C12. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1605379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Crispin X, Bureau C, Geskin V, Lazzaroni R, Brédas J. Local Density Functional Study of Copper Clusters: A Comparison between Real Clusters, Model Surface Clusters, and the Actual Metal Surface. Eur J Inorg Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0682(19990202)1999:2<349::aid-ejic349>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Geskin
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronic et Photonique Moleculaires, Université de Mons‐Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B‐7000 Mons, Belgium Fax (internat.): + 32 (0)65/ 37.33.66
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronic et Photonique Moleculaires, Université de Mons‐Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B‐7000 Mons, Belgium Fax (internat.): + 32 (0)65/ 37.33.66
| | - Jean‐Luc Brédas
- Service de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Centre de Recherche en Electronic et Photonique Moleculaires, Université de Mons‐Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, B‐7000 Mons, Belgium Fax (internat.): + 32 (0)65/ 37.33.66
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Payami M, Nafari N. Stabilized spin-polarized jellium model and odd-even alternations in jellium metal clusters. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Seidl M, Perdew JP, Brajczewska M, Fiolhais C. Ionization energy and electron affinity of a metal cluster in the stabilized jellium model: Size effect and charging limit. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Koch E, Gunnarsson O. Density dependence of the electronic supershells in the homogeneous jellium model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:5168-5177. [PMID: 9986482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.5168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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15
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Reiners T, Ellert C, Schmidt M, Haberland H. Size dependence of the optical response of spherical sodium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:1558-1561. [PMID: 10059059 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Energetics of Solid Surfaces: Clusters and Anticlusters, Generalized Liquid-Drop Model, Energy Density, Stress Field, and Rigorous Theorems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9975-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Seidl M, Perdew JP. Size-dependent ionization energy of a metallic cluster: Resolution of the classical image-potential paradox. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:5744-5747. [PMID: 9976929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.5744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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19
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Painter GS, Averill FW. Local-bonding trends in the cohesion of metals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:5545-5551. [PMID: 9976897 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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20
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Engel E, LaRocca P, Dreizler RM. Gradient expansion for Ts. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:16728-16732. [PMID: 10010832 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Ziesche P, Perdew JP, Fiolhais C. Spherical voids in the stabilized jellium model: Rigorous theorems and Padé representation of the void-formation energy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:7916-7928. [PMID: 10009553 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.7916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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22
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Leisner T, Athanassenas K, Kreisle D, Recknagel E, Echt O. Thermionic emission from free, photoexcited tungsten clusters. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yannouleas C, Landman U. Shell-correction method for calculating the binding energy of metal clusters: Application to multiply charged anions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:8376-8387. [PMID: 10007032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.8376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Painter GS. Local bonding trends in transition metal cohesion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:3959-3962. [PMID: 10054009 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bréchignac C, Cahuzac P, Leygnier J, Sarfati A. Optical response of large lithium clusters: Evolution toward the bulk. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 70:2036-2039. [PMID: 10053449 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Makov G, Nitzan A. Electronic properties of finite metallic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:2301-2307. [PMID: 10006270 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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27
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Perdew JP, Chevary JA, Vosko SH, Jackson KA, Pederson MR, Singh DJ, Fiolhais C. Atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces: Applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:6671-6687. [PMID: 10002368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8133] [Impact Index Per Article: 254.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schreckenbach G, Kaschner R, Ziesche P. Force sum rules, stress theorems, and Thomas-Fermi treatment of a 90 degrees jellium edge. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:7864-7867. [PMID: 10002528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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29
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Harbola MK. Theoretical study of the size dependence of ionization potential and electron affinity of metallic clusters. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bréchignac C, Cahuzac P, Kebaïli N, Leygnier J, Sarfati A. Collective resonance in large free potassium cluster ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1992; 68:3916-3919. [PMID: 10045837 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.68.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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31
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Maiti A, Falicov LM. Phase diagram for sodium clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 45:6918-6921. [PMID: 9907823 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.45.6918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Fiolhais C, Perdew JP. Energies of curved metallic surfaces from the stabilized-jellium model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 45:6207-6215. [PMID: 10000366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.6207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Harbola MK. Magic numbers for metallic clusters and the principle of maximum hardness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:1036-9. [PMID: 11607276 PMCID: PMC48380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.3.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is shown that for relatively more stable metallic clusters (those with magic number of atoms) the chemical hardness (I-A) too is relatively larger. Thus the occurrence of magic numbers for metal clusters whose stability is determined by their electronic shell structure can be understood as a manifestation of the principle of maximum hardness. This may also represent a possible way of delineating clusters with stability dominated by their electronic shell structure from those for which the magic numbers occur as a result of their geometric structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Harbola
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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35
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Makov G, Nitzan A. On the nonclassical asymptotic behavior of electronic properties in metal clusters. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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36
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Maiti A, Falicov LM. Pseudopotential calculation of the total energy of small sodium clusters: Crossover from electronic closed shells to geometrical-structure stability. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1991; 44:4442-4449. [PMID: 9906484 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.4442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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37
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Seidl M, Meiwes‐Broer K, Brack M. Finite‐size effects in ionization potentials and electron affinities of metal clusters. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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