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Swathilakshmi S, Devi R, Sai Gautam G. Performance of the r 2SCAN Functional in Transition Metal Oxides. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37329316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We assess the accuracy and computational efficiency of the recently developed meta-generalized gradient approximation (metaGGA) functional, restored regularized strongly constrained and appropriately normed (r2SCAN), in transition metal oxide (TMO) systems and compare its performance against SCAN. Specifically, we benchmark the r2SCAN-calculated oxidation enthalpies, lattice parameters, on-site magnetic moments, and band gaps of binary 3d TMOs against the SCAN-calculated and experimental values. Additionally, we evaluate the optimal Hubbard U correction required for each transition metal (TM) to improve the accuracy of the r2SCAN functional, based on experimental oxidation enthalpies, and verify the transferability of the U values by comparing against experimental properties on other TM-containing oxides. Notably, including the U-correction with r2SCAN increases the lattice parameters, on-site magnetic moments, and band gaps of TMOs, apart from an improved description of the ground state electronic state in narrow band gap TMOs. The r2SCAN and r2SCAN+U calculated oxidation enthalpies follow the qualitative trends of SCAN and SCAN+U, with r2SCAN and r2SCAN+U predicting marginally larger lattice parameters, smaller magnetic moments, and lower band gaps compared to SCAN and SCAN+U, respectively. We observe the overall computational time (i.e., for all ionic+electronic steps) required for r2SCAN(+U) to be lower than SCAN(+U). Thus, the r2SCAN(+U) framework can offer a reasonably accurate description of the ground state properties of TMOs with better computational efficiency than SCAN(+U).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Swathilakshmi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Reshma Devi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
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Ravi Dhas C, Santhoshi Monica SE, Venkatesh R, Sivakumar R, Nathanael AJ, Vignesh R, Arivukarasan D, Gnana Malar KCM, Keerthana S. Correlation of annealing temperature on physico-chemical properties and electrochromic performance of nebulizer spray-coated NiO films. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2021.2023571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ravi Dhas
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Esther Santhoshi Monica
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Venkatesh
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Sivakumar
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Joseph Nathanael
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics (CBCMT), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Vignesh
- Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Arivukarasan
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. C. Mercy Gnana Malar
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Keerthana
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Windsor YW, Zahn D, Kamrla R, Feldl J, Seiler H, Chiang CT, Ramsteiner M, Widdra W, Ernstorfer R, Rettig L. Exchange-Striction Driven Ultrafast Nonthermal Lattice Dynamics in NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:147202. [PMID: 33891443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.147202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We use femtosecond electron diffraction to study ultrafast lattice dynamics in the highly correlated antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor NiO. Using the scattering vector (Q) dependence of Bragg diffraction, we introduce Q-resolved effective temperatures describing the transient lattice. We identify a nonthermal lattice state with preferential displacement of O compared to Ni ions, which occurs within ∼0.3 ps and persists for 25 ps. We associate this with transient changes to the AFM exchange striction-induced lattice distortion, supported by the observation of a transient Q asymmetry of Friedel pairs. Our observation highlights the role of spin-lattice coupling in routes towards ultrafast control of spin order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Windsor
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Zahn
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Kamrla
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - J Feldl
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - H Seiler
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - C-T Chiang
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - M Ramsteiner
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Widdra
- Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Direct evidence for low-energy electron emission following O LVV Auger transitions at oxide surfaces. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17993. [PMID: 33093505 PMCID: PMC7582947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen, the third most abundant element in the universe, plays a key role in the chemistry of condensed matter and biological systems. Here, we report evidence for a hitherto unexplored Auger transition in oxides, where a valence band electron fills a vacancy in the 2s state of oxygen, transferring sufficient energy to allow electron emission. We used a beam of positrons with kinetic energies of [Formula: see text] eV to create O 2s holes via matter-antimatter annihilation. This made possible the elimination of the large secondary electron background that has precluded definitive measurements of the low-energy electrons emitted through this process. Our experiments indicate that low-energy electron emission following the Auger decay of O 2s holes from adsorbed oxygen and oxide surfaces are very efficient. Specifically, our results indicate that the low energy electron emission following the Auger decay of O 2s hole is nearly as efficient as electron emission following the relaxation of O 1s holes in [Formula: see text]. This has important implications for the understanding of Auger-stimulated ion desorption, Coulombic decay, photodynamic cancer therapies, and may yield important insights into the radiation-induced reactive sites for corrosion and catalysis.
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Cipriano LA, Di Liberto G, Tosoni S, Pacchioni G. Band Gap in Magnetic Insulators from a Charge Transition Level Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3786-3798. [PMID: 32427487 PMCID: PMC8007096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical description of the electronic structure of magnetic insulators and, in particular, of transition-metal oxides (TMOs), MnO, FeO, CoO, NiO, and CuO, poses several problems due to their highly correlated nature. Particularly challenging is the determination of the band gap. The most widely used approach is based on density functional theory (DFT) Kohn-Sham energy levels using self-interaction-corrected functionals (such as hybrid functionals). Here, we present a different approach based on the assumption that the band gap in some TMOs can have a partial Mott-Hubbard character and can be defined as the energy associated with the process Mm+(3dn) + Mm+(3dn) → M(m+1)+(3dn-1) + M(m-1)+(3dn+1). The band gap is thus associated with the removal (ionization potential, I) and addition (electron affinity, A) of one electron to an ion of the lattice. In fact, due to the hybridization of metal with ligand orbitals, these energy contributions are not purely atomic in nature. I and A can be computed accurately using the charge transition level (CTL) scheme. This procedure is based on the calculation of energy levels of charged states and goes beyond the approximations inherent to the Kohn-Sham (KS) approach. The novel and relevant aspect of this work is the extension of CTLs from the domain of point defects to a bulk property such as the band gap. The results show that the calculation based on CTLs provides band gaps in better agreement with experiments than the KS approach, with direct insight into the nature of the gap in these complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Cipriano
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano—Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
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6
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Liu Y, Shen T, Zhang H, Rubenstein B. Unveiling the Finite Temperature Physics of Hydrogen Chains via Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4298-4314. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brenda Rubenstein
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Chirayath VA, Gladen RW, McDonald AD, Fairchild AJ, Joglekar PV, Satyal S, Lim ZH, Shead TN, Chrysler MD, Mukherjee S, Barnett BM, Byrnes NK, Koymen AR, Greaves RG, Weiss AH. A multi-stop time-of-flight spectrometer for the measurement of positron annihilation-induced electrons in coincidence with the Doppler-shifted annihilation gamma photon. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033903. [PMID: 32260020 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe an advanced multi-functional, variable-energy positron beam system capable of measuring the energies of multiple "positron-induced" electrons in coincidence with the Doppler-shifted gamma photon resulting from the annihilation of the correlated positron. The measurements were carried out using the unique characteristics of the digital time-of-flight spectrometer and the gamma spectrometer available with the advanced positron beam system. These measurements have resulted in (i) the first digital time-of-flight spectrum of positron annihilation-induced Auger electrons generated using coincident signals from a high-purity Ge detector and a micro-channel plate, (ii) a two-dimensional array of the energy of Doppler-broadened annihilation gamma and the time-of-flight of positron-annihilation induced Auger electrons/secondary electrons measured in coincidence with the annihilation gamma photon, and (iii) the time-of-flight spectra of multiple secondary electrons ejected from a bilayer graphene surface as a result of the impact and/or annihilation of positrons. The novelty of the gamma-electron coincidence spectroscopy has been demonstrated by extracting the Doppler-broadened spectrum of gamma photons emitted due to the annihilation of positrons exclusively with 1s electrons of carbon. The width of the extracted Doppler-broadened gamma spectrum has been found to be consistent with the expected broadening of the annihilation gamma spectrum due to the momentum of the 1s electrons in carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Chirayath
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - R W Gladen
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A D McDonald
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A J Fairchild
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - P V Joglekar
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Satyal
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Z H Lim
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - T N Shead
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - M D Chrysler
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - B M Barnett
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - N K Byrnes
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A R Koymen
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - R G Greaves
- First Point Scientific Inc., Agoura Hills, California 91301, USA
| | - A H Weiss
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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8
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Di Sabatino S, Berger JA, Romaniello P. Many-Body Effective Energy Theory: Photoemission at Strong Correlation. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5080-5086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Balasubramanian P, Joshi SR, Yadav R, de Groot FMF, Singh AK, Ray A, Gupta M, Singh A, Maurya S, Elizabeth S, Varma S, Maitra T, Malik V. Electronic structure of Pr 2MnNiO 6 from x-ray photoemission, absorption and density functional theory. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:435603. [PMID: 30215386 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of double perovskite Pr2MnNiO6 was studied using core x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The 2p x-ray absorption spectra show that Mn and Ni are in 4+ and 2+ states respectively. Based on charge transfer multiplet analysis of the 2p XPS spectra of both ions, we find charge transfer energies [Formula: see text] of 3.5 and 2.5 eV for Ni and Mn respectively. The ground state of Ni2+ and Mn4+ ions reveal a higher d electron count of 8.21 and 3.38 respectively as compared to the ionic values. The partial density of states clearly show a charge transfer character of the system for U - J [Formula: see text] 2 eV. The O 1s edge absorption spectra reveal a band gap of 0.9 eV, which is close to the value estimated from analysis of Ni and Mn 2p photoemission and absorption spectra. The combined analysis of nature of spectroscopic data and first principles calculations reveal that the material is a p - d type charge transfer insulator with an intermediate covalent character according to the Zannen-Sawatzy-Allen phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabhan Balasubramanian
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of technology, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India. Institute of Physics, Bhubaneshwar-750012, India
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10
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Zhang S, Malone FD, Morales MA. Auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the structural properties of nickel oxide. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:164102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Fionn D. Malone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Miguel A. Morales
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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11
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Seth P, Hansmann P, van Roekeghem A, Vaugier L, Biermann S. Towards a First-Principles Determination of Effective Coulomb Interactions in Correlated Electron Materials: Role of Intershell Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:056401. [PMID: 28949720 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The determination of the effective Coulomb interactions to be used in low-energy Hamiltonians for materials with strong electronic correlations remains one of the bottlenecks for parameter-free electronic structure calculations. We propose and benchmark a scheme for determining the effective local Coulomb interactions for charge-transfer oxides and related compounds. Intershell interactions between electrons in the correlated shell and ligand orbitals are taken into account in an effective manner, leading to a reduction of the effective local interactions on the correlated shell. Our scheme resolves inconsistencies in the determination of effective interactions as obtained by standard methods for a wide range of materials, and allows for a conceptual understanding of the relation of cluster model and dynamical mean field-based electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Seth
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Philipp Hansmann
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ambroise van Roekeghem
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Loig Vaugier
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Silke Biermann
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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12
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Morales-García Á, Valero R, Illas F. Performance of the G0W0 Method in Predicting the Electronic Gap of TiO2 Nanoparticles. J Chem Theory Comput 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Morales-García
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosendo Valero
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Li Y, Yang F, Yu Y. LSDA+ U study on the electronic and anti-ferromagnetic properties of Ni-doped CuO and Cu-doped NiO. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(17)62796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Ristova MM, Yu KM. Surface modification of NiCdO barrier layer in complex photoanodes and TiO2 protective coating for efficient and stabile water dissociation. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Capdevila-Cortada M, Łodziana Z, López N. Performance of DFT+U Approaches in the Study of Catalytic Materials. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marçal Capdevila-Cortada
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Zbigniew Łodziana
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics (IFJ-PAN) Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Núria López
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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16
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Mitra C, Krogel JT, Santana JA, Reboredo FA. Many-body ab initio diffusion quantum Monte Carlo applied to the strongly correlated oxide NiO. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:164710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4934262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Allen JP, Watson GW. Occupation matrix control of d- and f-electron localisations using DFT + U. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21016-31. [PMID: 24832683 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of a density functional theory methodology with on-site corrections (DFT + U) has been repeatedly shown to give an improved description of localised d and f states over those predicted with a standard DFT approach. However, the localisation of electrons also carries with it the problem of metastability, due to the possible occupation of different orbitals and different locations. This study details the use of an occupation matrix control methodology for simulating localised d and f states with a plane-wave DFT + U approach which allows the user to control both the site and orbital localisation. This approach is tested for orbital occupation using octahedral and tetrahedral Ti(iii) and Ce(iii) carbonyl clusters and for orbital and site location using the periodic systems anatase-TiO2 and CeO2. The periodic cells are tested by the addition of an electron and through the formation of a neutral oxygen vacancy (leaving two electrons to localise). These test systems allow the successful study of orbital degeneracies, the presence of metastable states and the importance of controlling the site of localisation within the cell, and it highlights the use an occupation matrix control methodology can have in electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Allen
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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18
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Huotari S, Simonelli L, Giordano VM, Rintala AE, Sahle CJ, Hakala M, Glatzel P, Verbeni R, Monaco G. Crystal-field excitations in NiO under high pressure studied by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:135501. [PMID: 24614302 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/13/135501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a study on charge-neutral crystal-field (dd) excitations in NiO as a function of applied pressure up to 55 GPa, using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy at the Ni K edge. We find distinct signatures of the pressure-induced modifications to the 3d orbital energies as a function of pressure. These modifications are experimentally evidenced by a subtle splitting of the dd-excitation resonance energies. We compare the experimental results to a charge-transfer cluster-model calculation, and a LSDA + U calculation of the ground state as a function of lattice constant. We thus show how resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy is able to give insights into the manifold of excited states even in conditions that are difficult to access with many traditional experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, PO Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
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19
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Anisimov VI, Lukoyanov AV. Investigation of real materials with strong electronic correlations by the LDA+DMFT method. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2014; 70:137-59. [PMID: 24508959 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229613032312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials with strong electronic correlations are at the cutting edge of experimental and theoretical studies, capturing the attention of researchers for a great variety of interesting phenomena: metal-insulator, phase and magnetic spin transitions, `heavy fermion' systems, interplay between magnetic order and superconductivity, appearance and disappearance of local magnetic moments, and transport property anomalies. It is clear that the richness of physical phenomena for these compounds is a result of partially filled 3d, 4f or 5f electron shells with local magnetic moments preserved in the solid state. Strong interactions of d and f electrons with each other and with itinerant electronic states of the material are responsible for its anomalous properties. Electronic structure calculations for strongly correlated materials should explicitly take into account Coulombic interactions between d or f electrons. Recent advances in this field are related to the development of the LDA+DMFT method, which combines local density approximation (LDA) with dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) to account for electronic correlation effects. In recent years, LDA+DMFT has allowed the successful treatment not only of simple systems but also of complicated real compounds. Nowadays, the LDA+DMFT method is the state-of-the-art tool for investigating correlated metals and insulators, spin and metal-insulator transitions (MIT) in transition-metal compounds in paramagnetic and magnetically ordered phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Anisimov
- Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - A V Lukoyanov
- Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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20
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Bendavid LI, Carter EA. Status in Calculating Electronic Excited States in Transition Metal Oxides from First Principles. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 347:47-98. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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21
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Sousa C, Tosoni S, Illas F. Theoretical Approaches to Excited-State-Related Phenomena in Oxide Surfaces. Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300228z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sousa
- Departament de Química
Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional
(IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí
i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Departament de Química
Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional
(IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí
i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario
de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Francesc Illas
- Departament de Química
Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional
(IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, C/Martí
i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Yang J, Li B, Wang J, Chen L, Li R. A first-principles study on the adhesion of Pt layers to NiO(100) and IrO2(110) surfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:015003. [PMID: 21386218 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/1/015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a comparative study on the Pt/NiO and Pt/IrO(2) interfaces from first principles. It is found that Pt layers can bind with the IrO(2) surface much stronger than the NiO surface. The adhesion strength of Pt/NiO interfaces is dominated by the Pt-O ionic bond. The Pt layers induce corrugation of the oxide surfaces and loosen the Ni-O bonding strength. The dissolution of Ni atoms into the Pt slab appears to enhance the adhesion strength by forming stronger Ni-O bonds. In contrast, the adhesion strength of Pt/IrO(2) interfaces has contributions from both Pt-O ionic and Pt-Ir metallic bonds. Furthermore, the interfacial adhesion of IrO(2)/NiO is also stronger than that of Pt/NiO interfaces. IrO(2) may work as glue layers to stabilize Pt/NiO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Yang
- Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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23
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Wojdeł JC, Moreira IDPR, Illas F. Periodic density functional theory study of spin crossover in the cesium iron hexacyanochromate prussian blue analog. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:014702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3046686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Rivero P, Moreira IDPR, Illas F, Scuseria GE. Reliability of range-separated hybrid functionals for describing magnetic coupling in molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:184110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3006419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Taguchi M, Matsunami M, Ishida Y, Eguchi R, Chainani A, Takata Y, Yabashi M, Tamasaku K, Nishino Y, Ishikawa T, Senba Y, Ohashi H, Shin S. Revisiting the valence-band and core-level photoemission spectra of NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:206401. [PMID: 18518558 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.206401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have reexamined the valence-band (VB) and core-level electronic structure of NiO by means of hard and soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopies. The spectral weight of the lowest energy state was found to be enhanced in the bulk sensitive Ni 2p core-level spectrum. A configuration-interaction model including a bound state screening has shown agreement with the core-level spectrum and off- and on-resonance VB spectra. These results identify the lowest energy states in the core-level and VB spectra as the Zhang-Rice (ZR) doublet bound states, consistent with the spin-fermion model and recent ab initio calculations within dynamical mean-field theory. The results indicate that the ZR character first ionization (the lowest hole-addition) states are responsible for transport properties in NiO and doped NiO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taguchi
- Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Lab, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
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26
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Yin Q, Gordienko A, Wan X, Savrasov SY. Calculated momentum dependence of Zhang-Rice states in transition metal oxides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:066406. [PMID: 18352497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.066406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Using a combination of local density functional theory and cluster exact diagonalization based dynamical mean field theory, we calculate many-body electronic structures of several Mott insulating oxides including undoped high T(c) materials. The dispersions of the lowest occupied electronic states are associated with the Zhang-Rice singlets in cuprates and with doublets, triplets, quadruplets, and quintets in more general cases. Our results agree with angle resolved photoemission experiments including the decrease of the spectral weight of the Zhang-Rice band as it approaches k=0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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27
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Kunes J, Anisimov VI, Skornyakov SL, Lukoyanov AV, Vollhardt D. NiO: correlated band structure of a charge-transfer insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:156404. [PMID: 17995195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.156404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The band structure of the prototypical charge-transfer insulator NiO is computed by using a combination of an ab initio band structure method and the dynamical mean-field theory with a quantum Monte-Carlo impurity solver. Employing a Hamiltonian which includes both Ni d and O p orbitals we find excellent agreement with the energy bands determined from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. This brings an important progress in a long-standing problem of solid-state theory. Most notably we obtain the low-energy Zhang-Rice bands with strongly k-dependent orbital character discussed previously in the context of low-energy model theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kunes
- Theoretical Physics III, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg 86135, Germany.
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28
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Cinquini F, Valentin CD, Finazzi E, Giordano L, Pacchioni G. Theory of oxides surfaces, interfaces and supported nano-clusters. Theor Chem Acc 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-006-0204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Moreira IDPR, Illas F. A unified view of the theoretical description of magnetic coupling in molecular chemistry and solid state physics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:1645-59. [PMID: 16633648 DOI: 10.1039/b515732c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic interactions in organic diradicals, dinuclear inorganic complexes and ionic solids are presented from a unified point of view. Effective Hamiltonian theory is revised to show that, for a given system, it permits the definition of a general, unbiased, spin model Hamiltonian. Mapping procedures are described which in most cases permit one to extract the relevant magnetic coupling constants from ab initio calculations of the energies of the pertinent electronic states. Density functional theory calculations within the broken symmetry approach are critically revised showing the contradictions of this procedure when applied to molecules and solids without the guidelines of the appropriate mapping. These concepts are illustrated by describing the application of state-of-the-art methods of electronic structure calculations to a series of representative molecular and solid state systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibério de P R Moreira
- Departament de Química Física & Centre Especial de Recerca en Química Teòrica, Universitat de Barcelona i Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Neyman KM, Illas F. Theoretical aspects of heterogeneous catalysis: Applications of density functional methods. Catal Today 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2005.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Faleev SV, van Schilfgaarde M, Kotani T. All-electron self-consistent GW approximation: application to Si, MnO, and NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:126406. [PMID: 15447292 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.126406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a new kind of self-consistent GW approximation based on the all-electron, full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method. By iterating the eigenfunctions of the GW Hamiltonian, self-consistency in both the charge density and the quasiparticle spectrum is achieved. We explain why this form of self-consistency should be preferred to the conventional one. Some results for Si (a representative semiconductor) are presented. Finally we consider many details in the electronic structure of the antiferromagnetic insulators MnO and NiO. Excellent agreement with experiment is shown for many properties, suggesting that a Landau quasiparticle (energy band) picture provides a reasonable description of electronic structure even in these correlated materials.
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32
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Di Valentin C, Pacchioni G, Bredow T, Dominguez-Ariza D, Illas F. Bonding of NO to NiO(100) and NixMg1−xO(100) surfaces: A challenge for theory. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1490923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Takahashi M, Igarashi J. Local approach to electronic excitations in MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:13566-13574. [PMID: 9985267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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34
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Tjernberg O, Söderholm S, Chiaia G, Girard R, Karlsson UO, Nylén H, Lindau I. Influence of magnetic ordering on the NiO valence band. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:10245-10248. [PMID: 9984794 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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35
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Bala J, Oles AM, Zaanen J. Quasiparticles in the spin-fermion model for CuO2 planes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:10161-10174. [PMID: 9984757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.10161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Tjernberg O, Söderholm S, Karlsson UO, Chiaia G, Qvarford M, Nylén H, Lindau I. Resonant photoelectron spectroscopy on NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:10372-10376. [PMID: 9982607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.10372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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37
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A proper Anderson Hamiltonian treatment of the 3s photoelectron spectra of MnO, FeO, CoO and NiO. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)01011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Aryasetiawan F, Gunnarsson O. Electronic structure of NiO in the GW approximation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:3221-3224. [PMID: 10058142 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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39
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Sangaletti L, Parmigiani F, Ratner E, Shen Z, Chemelli C, Jepsen O. Electronic structure of K2NiF4. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:17854-17866. [PMID: 9976218 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.17854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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40
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Manghi F, Calandra C, Ossicini S. Quasiparticle band structure of NiO: The Mott-Hubbard picture regained. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 73:3129-3132. [PMID: 10057295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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41
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Anisimov VI, Kuiper P, Nordgren J. First-principles calculation of NiO valence spectra in the impurity-Anderson-model approximation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 50:8257-8265. [PMID: 9974843 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.8257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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42
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Gorschlüter A, Merz H. Localized d-d excitations in NiO(100) and CoO(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:17293-17302. [PMID: 10010910 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.17293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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43
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Bala J, Oles AM, Zaanen J. Zhang-Rice localization, quasiparticle dispersions, and the photoemission of NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:2600-2603. [PMID: 10055925 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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44
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Hardman PJ, Raikar GN, Muryn CA, Wincott PL, Thornton G, Bullett DW, Dale PA. Valence-band structure of TiO2 along the Gamma - Delta -X and Gamma - Sigma -M directions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:7170-7177. [PMID: 10009454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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45
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Park KT, Novikov DL, Gubanov VA, Freeman AJ. Electronic structure of noble-metal monoxides: PdO, PtO, and AgO. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1994; 49:4425-4431. [PMID: 10011360 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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46
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Zheng H. Self-consistent cluster-embedding calculation method and the calculated electronic structure of NiO. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:14868-14883. [PMID: 10008018 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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47
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Parmigiani F, Sangaletti L. Electronic correlation effects in the Ni 3s and Co 3s X-ray photoelectron spectra of NiO, CoO, K2NiF4 and K2CoF4. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)89170-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Weber WH, Remillard JT, McBride JR, Aspnes DE. Optical dielectric response of PdO. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:15085-15091. [PMID: 10003622 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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49
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Hass KC, Carlsson AE. Band structures of nonmagnetic transition-metal oxides: PdO and PtO. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1992; 46:4246-4249. [PMID: 10004157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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