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Champagne A, Camarasa-Gómez M, Ricci F, Kronik L, Neaton JB. Strongly Bound Excitons and Anisotropic Linear Absorption in Monolayer Graphullerene. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7033-7039. [PMID: 38805193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Graphullerene is a novel two-dimensional carbon allotrope with unique optoelectronic properties. Despite significant experimental characterization and prior density functional theory calculations, unanswered questions remain as to the nature, energy, and intensity of the electronic and optical excitations. Here, we present first-principles calculations of the quasiparticle band structure, neutral excitations, and absorption spectra of monolayer graphullerene and bulk graphullerite, employing the GW-Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) approach. We show that strongly bound excitons dominate the absorption spectrum of monolayer graphullerene with binding energies up to 0.8 eV, while graphullerite exhibits less pronounced excitonic effects. Our calculations also reveal a strong linear polarization anisotropy, reflecting the in-plane structural anisotropy from intermolecular coupling between neighboring C60 units. We further show that the presence of Mg atoms, crucial to the synthesis process, induces structural modifications and polarizability effects, resulting in a ∼1 eV quasiparticle gap renormalization and a reduction in the exciton binding energy to ∼0.6 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Champagne
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - María Camarasa-Gómez
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Li J, Cui M, Yang H, Chen J, Cheng S. Ligand-field regulated superalkali behavior of the aluminum-based clusters with distinct shell occupancy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chen J, Wei Q, Yang H, Cheng SB. On the structures, electronic properties, and superhalogen regulation of the MnB6− cluster: A density functional theory investigation. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang J, Zhao Y, Li J, Huang HC, Chen J, Cheng SB. Unveiling the electronic structures and ligation effect of the superatom-polymeric zirconium oxide clusters: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14865-14872. [PMID: 31232409 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01870k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Discovering the non-noble ZrO cluster as an analog of the noble metal catalyst Pd is of significance toward designing functional materials with fine-tuned properties using the superatom concept. The effect of gradually assembling the ZrO superatomic unit on the electronic structures and chemical bonding of larger ZrO-polymeric clusters, however, is unclear. Herein, by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the lowest-energy structures and low-lying isomers of the (ZrO)n-/0 (n = 2-5) clusters were optimized, in which every O atom in these clusters tends to connect its adjacent two Zr atoms forming metal oxygen bridge bonds. Insights into the electronic characteristics of these clusters were obtained by analyzing their molecular orbitals (MOs) and density of states (DOS). More importantly, our studies on the CO (electron acceptor) and PH3 (electron donor) ligated Zr3O3 clusters unveil that the ligation process can substantially alter the electronic properties of the clusters by tuning the HOMO and LUMO states, which may have potential applications in photovoltaics. Strikingly, the successive attachment of PH3 on Zr3O3 dramatically lowers the adiabatic ionization potential (AIP) of the ligated clusters, resulting in the formation of stable superalkali clusters with large HOMO-LUMO gaps. Furthermore, the potential of constructing the superalkali Zr3O3(PH3)5 based 1-D cluster assembled material was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Cai Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China. and Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Cheng SB. Theoretical investigations on the d-p hybridized aromaticity, photoelectron spectroscopy and neutral salts of the LaX 2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:132-138. [PMID: 29874633 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the geometrical and electronic structures of the triatomic LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. Various trail structures and spin states have been attempted to determine the lowest-energy geometries of these La-doped metal clusters. The ground states of all three clusters are calculated to possess the trigonal structures with the singlet multiplicities. The calculations on molecular orbitals (MOs) and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values have been performed to examine the aromatic characteristics of the LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. The present calculations disclose that all these metal clusters are doubly aromatic, namely d-p hybridized σ and π aromaticity resulting from the effective overlap between the 5d atomic orbital of the La atom and the p orbitals of the IIIA group elements. Theoretical vertical detachment energies (VDEs) were also calculated to simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES) of the clusters. In addition, by adding the alkali cations (Li+ and Na+) into the LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters, the geometries and electronic structures of the corresponding neutral salts have also been investigated to gain more insights in the potential of using these aromatic anions as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Aromaticity, response, and nonlinear optical properties of sumanene modified with boron and nitrogen atoms. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2538. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cheng SB, Berkdemir C, Melko JJ, Castleman AW. S-P Coupling Induced Unusual Open-Shell Metal Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4821-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412637j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Bo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Cuneyt Berkdemir
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joshua J. Melko
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Zhang GP, George TF. Proposed coherent trapping of a population of electrons in a C60 molecule induced by laser excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:257401. [PMID: 23368497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.257401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This Letter demonstrates the possibility of generating coherent population trapping in C(60). Similar to a three-level Λ system, C(60) has a forbidden transition between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) (|a}) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) (|c}), but a dipole-allowed transition between HOMO and LUMO+1 (|b}) and between |b} and |c}. We employ two cw laser fields, one coupling and one probe. The strong coupling field is switched on first to resonantly excite the transition between |b} and |c}. After a delay, the probe is switched on; the coherent interaction between the coupling and probe fields traps the population in |a} and |c}. This forms a partially dark state in C(60), analogous to that in atomic vapors. Turning off the coupling field restores C(60)'s absorption. Pulsed lasers work as well. We use two pulses to steer the system into a dark state; when we send in a cw probe field, the electric polarization of C(60) plunges by five times, in comparison with the noncontrol case. This should be detectable experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Zhang
- Department of Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809, USA.
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Cole MW, Crespi VH, Dresselhaus MS, Dresselhaus G, Fischer JE, Gutierrez HR, Kojima K, Mahan GD, Rao AM, Sofo JO, Tachibana M, Wako K, Xiong Q. Structural, electronic, optical and vibrational properties of nanoscale carbons and nanowires: a colloquial review. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:334201. [PMID: 21386491 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/33/334201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the field of nanoscience as viewed through the lens of the scientific career of Peter Eklund, thus with a special focus on nanocarbons and nanowires. Peter brought to his research an intense focus, imagination, tenacity, breadth and ingenuity rarely seen in modern science. His goal was to capture the essential physics of natural phenomena. This attitude also guides our writing: we focus on basic principles, without sacrificing accuracy, while hoping to convey an enthusiasm for the science commensurate with Peter's. The term 'colloquial review' is intended to capture this style of presentation. The diverse phenomena of condensed matter physics involve electrons, phonons and the structures within which excitations reside. The 'nano' regime presents particularly interesting and challenging science. Finite size effects play a key role, exemplified by the discrete electronic and phonon spectra of C(60) and other fullerenes. The beauty of such molecules (as well as nanotubes and graphene) is reflected by the theoretical principles that govern their behavior. As to the challenge, 'nano' requires special care in materials preparation and treatment, since the surface-to-volume ratio is so high; they also often present difficulties of acquiring an experimental signal, since the samples can be quite small. All of the atoms participate in the various phenomena, without any genuinely 'bulk' properties. Peter was a master of overcoming such challenges. The primary activity of Eklund's research was to measure and understand the vibrations of atoms in carbon materials. Raman spectroscopy was very dear to Peter. He published several papers on the theory of phonons (Eklund et al 1995a Carbon 33 959-72, Eklund et al 1995b Thin Solid Films 257 211-32, Eklund et al 1992 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 53 1391-413, Dresselhaus and Eklund 2000 Adv. Phys. 49 705-814) and many more papers on measuring phonons (Pimenta et al 1998b Phys. Rev. B 58 16016-9, Rao et al 1997a Nature 338 257-9, Rao et al 1997b Phys. Rev. B 55 4766-73, Rao et al 1997c Science 275 187-91, Rao et al 1998 Thin Solid Films 331 141-7). His careful sample treatment and detailed Raman analysis contributed greatly to the elucidation of photochemical polymerization of solid C(60) (Rao et al 1993b Science 259 955-7). He developed Raman spectroscopy as a standard tool for gauging the diameter of a single-walled carbon nanotube (Bandow et al 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 3779-82), distinguishing metallic versus semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, (Pimenta et al 1998a J. Mater. Res. 13 2396-404) and measuring the number of graphene layers in a peeled flake of graphite (Gupta et al 2006 Nano Lett. 6 2667-73). For these and other ground breaking contributions to carbon science he received the Graffin Lecture award from the American Carbon Society in 2005, and the Japan Carbon Prize in 2008. As a material, graphite has come full circle. The 1970s renaissance in the science of graphite intercalation compounds paved the way for a later explosion in nanocarbon research by illuminating many beautiful fundamental phenomena, subsequently rediscovered in other forms of nanocarbon. In 1985, Smalley, Kroto, Curl, Heath and O'Brien discovered carbon cage molecules called fullerenes in the soot ablated from a rotating graphite target (Kroto et al 1985 Nature 318 162-3). At that time, Peter's research was focused mainly on the oxide-based high-temperature superconductors. He switched to fullerene research soon after the discovery that an electric arc can prepare fullerenes in bulk quantities (Haufler et al 1990 J. Phys. Chem. 94 8634-6). Later fullerene research spawned nanotubes, and nanotubes spawned a newly exploding research effort on single-layer graphene. Graphene has hence evolved from an oversimplified model of graphite (Wallace 1947 Phys. Rev. 71 622-34) to a new member of the nanocarbon family exhibiting extraordinary electronic properties. Eklund's career spans this 35-year odyssey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton W Cole
- Department of Physics, Penn State University, 104 Davey Lab MB123, University Park, PA 16802-6300, USA.
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Gupta U, Reber AC, Clayborne PA, Melko JJ, Khanna SN, Castleman AW. Effect of Charge and Composition on the Structural Fluxionality and Stability of Nine Atom Tin−Bismuth Zintl Analogues. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:10953-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8011712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220
| | - Arthur C. Reber
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220
| | - Penee A. Clayborne
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220
| | - Joshua J. Melko
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220
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Eklund PC, Rao AM, Zhou P, Wang Y, Wang KA, Holden JM, Dresselhaus MS, Dresselhaus G. Vibrational Modes in C60 and C60 Polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259408039248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Eklund
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , 40506
| | - A. M. Rao
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , 40506
| | - Ping Zhou
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , 40506
| | - Ying Wang
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , 40506
| | - Kai-An Wang
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , 40506
| | - J. M. Holden
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , 40506
| | - M. S. Dresselhaus
- b Department of Physics and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Massachusetts , 02139
| | - G. Dresselhaus
- c Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Massachusetts , 02139
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Jiang X, Gan Z. Excitonic spectra of solid C60. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:4504-4506. [PMID: 9986407 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hora J, Pánek P, Navrátil K, Handlírová B, Humlícek J, Sitter H, Stifter D. Optical response of C60 thin films and solutions. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:5106-5113. [PMID: 9986476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jiang X, Gan Z. Theory of the excitonic effect in solid C60. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 52:14254-14262. [PMID: 9980647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.14254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Hunt MR, Modesti S, Rudolf P, Palmer RE. Charge transfer and structure in C60 adsorption on metal surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:10039-10047. [PMID: 9977679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang Y, Holden JM, Rao AM, Eklund PC, Venkateswaran UD, Eastwood D, Lidberg RL, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus MS. Optical absorption and photoluminescence in pristine and photopolymerized C60 solid films. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:4547-4556. [PMID: 9979301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.4547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Resca L. Comment on "First-principles calculation of optical properties of C60 in the fcc lattice". PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:2839. [PMID: 10054790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Zhou P, Dong ZH, Rao A, Eklund P. Reaction mechanism for the photopolymerization of solid fullerene C60. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)87069-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sohmen E, Fink J. Electron-energy-loss studies of RbxC60 and RbxC70 (x=0, 3, and 6). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 47:14532-14540. [PMID: 10005808 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Jishi R, Dresselhaus M, Dresselhaus G, Wang KA, Zhou P, Rao A, Eklund P. Vibrational mode frequencies in C70. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)85539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rao AM, Zhou P, Wang KA, Hager GT, Holden JM, Wang Y, Lee WT, Bi XX, Eklund PC, Cornett DS, Duncan MA, Amster IJ. Photoinduced Polymerization of Solid C60 Films. Science 1993. [DOI: 10.1126/science.259.5097.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1004] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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