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Wang WO, Ding JK, Schattner Y, Huang EW, Moritz B, Devereaux TP. The Wiedemann-Franz law in doped Mott insulators without quasiparticles. Science 2023; 382:1070-1073. [PMID: 38033050 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Many metallic quantum materials display anomalous transport phenomena that defy a Fermi liquid description. Here, we use numerical methods to calculate thermal and charge transport in the doped Hubbard model and observe a crossover separating high- and low-temperature behaviors. Distinct from the behavior at high temperatures, the Lorenz number [Formula: see text] becomes weakly doping dependent and less sensitive to parameters at low temperatures. At the lowest numerically accessible temperatures, [Formula: see text] roughly approaches the Wiedemann-Franz constant [Formula: see text], even in a doped Mott insulator that lacks well-defined quasiparticles. Decomposing the energy current operator indicates a compensation between kinetic and potential contributions, which may help to clarify the interpretation of transport experiments beyond Boltzmann theory in strongly correlated metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen O Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jixun K Ding
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yoni Schattner
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Edwin W Huang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brian Moritz
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Thomas P Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Hoshino N, Hayashi A, Akutagawa T. The strong correlations between thermal conductivities and electronic spin states in crystals of Fe(III) spin crossover complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12698-12703. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solids that change their thermal conductivity during a phase transition can be useful in the development of a thermal switch to allow control of heat flow and reduce energy consumption....
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Wan L. Excitations of atomic vibrations in amorphous solids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:155401. [PMID: 33470979 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abdd61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study excitations of atomic vibrations in the reciprocal space for amorphous solids. There are two kinds of excitations we obtained, collective excitation and local excitation. The collective excitation is the collective vibration of atoms in the amorphous solids while the local excitation is stimulated locally by a single atom vibrating in the solids. We introduce a continuous wave vector for the study and transform the equations of atomic vibrations from the real space to the reciprocal space. We take the amorphous silicon as an example and calculate the structures of the excitations in the reciprocal space. Results show that an excitation is a wave packet composed of a collection of plane waves. We also find a periodical structure in the reciprocal space for the collective excitation with longitudinal vibrations, which is originated from the local order of the structure in the real space of the amorphous solid. For the local excitation, the wave vector is complex. The imaginary part of the wave vector is inversed to evaluate the decaying length of the local excitation. It is found that the decaying length is larger for the local excitation with a higher vibration frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China
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Trachenko K, Brazhkin VV. Minimal quantum viscosity from fundamental physical constants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba3747. [PMID: 32426470 PMCID: PMC7182420 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity of fluids is strongly system dependent, varies across many orders of magnitude, and depends on molecular interactions and structure in a complex way not amenable to first-principles theories. Despite the variations and theoretical difficulties, we find a new quantity setting the minimal kinematic viscosity of fluids: ν m = 1 4 π ℏ m e m , where me and m are electron and molecule masses. We subsequently introduce a new property, the "elementary" viscosity ι with the lower bound set by fundamental physical constants and notably involving the proton-to-electron mass ratio: ι m = ℏ 4 π ( m p m e ) 1 2 , where mp is the proton mass. We discuss the connection of our result to the bound found by Kovtun, Son, and Starinets in strongly interacting field theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Trachenko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - V. V. Brazhkin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, RAS, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
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Chen-Lin X, Delacrétaz LV, Hartnoll SA. Theory of Diffusive Fluctuations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:091602. [PMID: 30932534 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.091602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed effective field theory of fluctuations around thermal equilibrium is used to compute late-time correlation functions of conserved densities. Specializing to systems with a single conservation law, we find that the diffusive pole is shifted in the presence of nonlinear hydrodynamic self-interactions, and that the density-density Green's function acquires a branch point halfway to the diffusive pole, at frequency ω=-(i/2)Dk^{2}. We discuss the relevance of diffusive fluctuations for strongly correlated transport in condensed matter and cold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen-Lin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - Luca V Delacrétaz
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
| | - Sean A Hartnoll
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4060, USA
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6
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Abstract
The thermal diffusivity in the [Formula: see text] plane of underdoped YBCO crystals is measured by means of a local optical technique in the temperature range of 25-300 K. The phase delay between a point heat source and a set of detection points around it allows for high-resolution measurement of the thermal diffusivity and its in-plane anisotropy. Although the magnitude of the diffusivity may suggest that it originates from phonons, its anisotropy is comparable with reported values of the electrical resistivity anisotropy. Furthermore, the anisotropy drops sharply below the charge order transition, again similar to the electrical resistivity anisotropy. Both of these observations suggest that the thermal diffusivity has pronounced electronic as well as phononic character. At the same time, the small electrical and thermal conductivities at high temperatures imply that neither well-defined electron nor phonon quasiparticles are present in this material. We interpret our results through a strongly interacting incoherent electron-phonon "soup" picture characterized by a diffusion constant [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the soup velocity, and scattering of both electrons and phonons saturates a quantum thermal relaxation time [Formula: see text].
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Wakeham N, Bangura AF, Xu X, Mercure JF, Greenblatt M, Hussey NE. Gross violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in a quasi-one-dimensional conductor. Nat Commun 2011; 2:396. [PMID: 21772267 PMCID: PMC3144592 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When charge carriers are spatially confined to one dimension, conventional Fermi-liquid theory breaks down. In such Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids, quasiparticles are replaced by distinct collective excitations of spin and charge that propagate independently with different velocities. Although evidence for spin-charge separation exists, no bulk low-energy probe has yet been able to distinguish successfully between Tomonaga-Luttinger and Fermi-liquid physics. Here we show experimentally that the ratio of the thermal and electrical Hall conductivities in the metallic phase of quasi-one-dimensional Li(0.9)Mo(6)O(17) diverges with decreasing temperature, reaching a value five orders of magnitude larger than that found in conventional metals. Both the temperature dependence and magnitude of this ratio are consistent with Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory. Such a dramatic manifestation of spin-charge separation in a bulk three-dimensional solid offers a unique opportunity to explore how the fermionic quasiparticle picture recovers, and over what time scale, when coupling to a second or third dimension is restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wakeham
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
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Houssa M, Ausloos M, Durczewski K. Influence of Van Hove singularities on the thermal conductivity of high-Tc superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:6126-6128. [PMID: 9986624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.6126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Houssa M, Bougrine H, Stassen S, Cloots R, Ausloos M. Superconductivity fluctuation effects on the thermal conductivity of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:R6885-R6888. [PMID: 9984405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Matsukawa M, Mizukoshi T, Noto K, Shiohara Y. In-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivity of a large single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7-x. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:R6034-R6037. [PMID: 9982104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.r6034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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11
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Cohn JL. Superconducting-state enhancement of thermal conductivity in the cuprates: Correlation with the pair density. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:R2963-R2966. [PMID: 9983896 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.r2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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12
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Yu F, Salamon MB, Leggett AJ, Lee WC, Ginsberg DM. Tensor magnetothermal resistance in YBa2Cu3O7-x via Andreev scattering of quasiparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:5136-5139. [PMID: 10058692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Pogorelov Y, Arranz MA, Villar R, Vieira S. Mechanisms of heat conductivity in high-Tc superconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:15474-15477. [PMID: 9978506 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.15474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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14
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Houssa M, Ausloos M. Thermal conductivity of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 and YBa2Cu3O7-y. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:9372-9374. [PMID: 9977591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.9372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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15
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Chen B, Tsui F, Uher C, Han PD, Payne DA, Rao KV. Magnetothermal conductivity of Ba1-xKxBiO3 crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:6171-6174. [PMID: 9979548 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.6171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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16
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Feldman JL, Eggert JH, Hemley RJ, Mao H, Schoemaker D. Vibron excitations in solid hydrogen: A generalized binary random alloy problem. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 74:1379-1382. [PMID: 10059005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Zhou J, Goodenough JB. Thermoelectric power in single-layer copper oxides. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1995; 51:3104-3115. [PMID: 9979094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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