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Abstract
The Lagrangian that defines quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the strong interaction piece of the Standard Model, appears very simple. Nevertheless, it is responsible for an astonishing array of high-level phenomena with enormous apparent complexity, e.g., the existence, number and structure of atomic nuclei. The source of all these things can be traced to emergent mass, which might itself be QCD’s self-stabilising mechanism. A background to this perspective is provided, presenting, inter alia, a discussion of the gluon mass and QCD’s process-independent effective charge and highlighting an array of observable expressions of emergent mass, ranging from its manifestations in pion parton distributions to those in nucleon electromagnetic form factors.
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Dumitru A, Stebel T. Multiquark matrix elements in the proton and three gluon exchange for exclusive
ηc
production in photon-proton diffractive scattering. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.094038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Dumitru A, Miller GA, Venugopalan R. Extracting many-body color charge correlators in the proton from exclusive DIS at large Bjorken
x. Int J Clin Exp Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.094004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Punjabi V, Perdrisat CF. The Proton Form Factor Ratio Measurements at Jefferson Lab. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146606019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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5
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Malace SP, Paolone M, Strauch S, Albayrak I, Arrington J, Berman BL, Brash EJ, Briscoe B, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Christy ME, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Craver B, Cusanno F, Ent R, Garibaldi F, Gilman R, Glamazdin O, Glister J, Higinbotham DW, Hyde-Wright CE, Ilieva Y, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Khrosinkova E, Kuchina E, Kumbartzki G, Lee B, Lindgren R, Margaziotis DJ, Meekins D, Michaels R, Park K, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Punjabi VA, Puckett AJR, Qian X, Qiang Y, Ransome RD, Saha A, Sarty AJ, Schulte E, Solvignon P, Subedi RR, Tang L, Tedeschi D, Tvaskis V, Udias JM, Ulmer PE, Vignote JR, Wesselmann FR, Wojtsekhowski B, Zhan X. Precise extraction of the induced polarization in the 4He(e,e'p)3H reaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:052501. [PMID: 21405386 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We measured with unprecedented precision the induced polarization P(y) in (4)He(e,e'p)(3)H at Q(2)=0.8 and 1.3 (GeV/c)(2). The induced polarization is indicative of reaction-mechanism effects beyond the impulse approximation. Our results are in agreement with a relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculation but are overestimated by a calculation with strong charge-exchange effects. Our data are used to constrain the strength of the spin-independent charge-exchange term in the latter calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Malace
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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6
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Paolone M, Malace SP, Strauch S, Albayrak I, Arrington J, Berman BL, Brash EJ, Briscoe B, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Christy ME, Chudakov E, Cisbani E, Craver B, Cusanno F, Ent R, Garibaldi F, Gilman R, Glamazdin O, Glister J, Higinbotham DW, Hyde-Wright CE, Ilieva Y, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Keppel CE, Khrosinkova E, Kuchina E, Kumbartzki G, Lee B, Lindgren R, Margaziotis DJ, Meekins D, Michaels R, Park K, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Punjabi VA, Puckett AJR, Qian X, Qiang Y, Ransome RD, Saha A, Sarty AJ, Schulte E, Solvignon P, Subedi RR, Tang L, Tedeschi D, Tvaskis V, Udias JM, Ulmer PE, Vignote JR, Wesselmann FR, Wojtsekhowski B, Zhan X. Polarization transfer in the 4He(e,e'p)3H reaction at Q2=0.8 and 1.3 (GeV/c)2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:072001. [PMID: 20868031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Proton recoil polarization was measured in the quasielastic 4He(e,e'p)3H reaction at Q{2}=0.8 and 1.3 (GeV/c){2} with unprecedented precision. The polarization-transfer coefficients are found to differ from those of the 1H(e,e'p) reaction, contradicting a relativistic distorted-wave approximation and favoring either the inclusion of medium-modified proton form factors predicted by the quark-meson coupling model or a spin-dependent charge-exchange final-state interaction. For the first time, the polarization-transfer ratio is studied as a function of the virtuality of the proton.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paolone
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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7
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Miller GA, Piasetzky E, Ron G. Proton electromagnetic-form-factor ratios at low Q2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:082002. [PMID: 18764604 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.082002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the ratio R identical with muG_{E}(Q2)/G_{M}(Q2) of the proton at very small values of Q2. Radii commonly associated with these form factors are not moments of charge or magnetization densities. We show that the form factor F2 is correctly interpretable as the two-dimensional Fourier transformation of a magnetization density. A relationship between the measurable ratio and moments of true charge and magnetization densities is derived and used to show that the magnetization density extends further than the charge density, in contrast with expectations based on the measured reduction of R as Q2 increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Miller
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1560, USA
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8
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Miller GA. Non-Spherical Shapes of the Proton: Existence, Measurement, and Computation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10506890802123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Strauch S, Dieterich S, Aniol KA, Annand JRM, Baker OK, Bertozzi W, Boswell M, Brash EJ, Chai Z, Chen JP, Christy ME, Chudakov E, Cochran A, De Leo R, Ent R, Epstein MB, Finn JM, Fissum KG, Forest TA, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gasparian A, Gayou O, Gilad S, Gilman R, Glashausser C, Gomez J, Gorbenko V, Gueye PLJ, Hansen JO, Higinbotham DW, Hu B, Hyde-Wright CE, Ireland DG, Jackson C, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones C, Jones MK, Kellie JD, Kelly JJ, Keppel CE, Kumbartzki G, Kuss M, LeRose JJ, Livingston K, Liyanage N, Malov S, Margaziotis DJ, Meekins D, Michaels R, Mitchell JH, Nanda SK, Nappa J, Perdrisat CF, Punjabi VA, Ransome RD, Roché R, Rosner G, Rvachev M, Sabatie F, Saha A, Sarty A, Udias JM, Ulmer PE, Urciuoli GM, van den Brand JFJ, Vignote JR, Watts DP, Weinstein LB, Wijesooriya K, Wojtsekhowski B. Polarization transfer in the 4He(e-->,e'p-->)3H reaction up to Q2=2.6 (GeV/c)2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:052301. [PMID: 12906589 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.052301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2002] [Revised: 05/05/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the proton recoil polarization in the 4He(e-->,e(')p-->)4H reaction at Q(2)=0.5, 1.0, 1.6, and 2.6 (GeV/c)(2). The measured ratio of polarization transfer coefficients differs from a fully relativistic calculation, favoring the inclusion of a medium modification of the proton form factors predicted by a quark-meson coupling model. In addition, the measured induced polarizations agree reasonably well with the fully relativistic calculation indicating that the treatment of final-state interactions is under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strauch
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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10
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Frankfurt L, Miller GA, Strikman M. Coherent QCD phenomena in the coherent pion-nucleon and pion-nucleus production of two jets at high relative momenta. Int J Clin Exp Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.65.094015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Gayou O, Aniol KA, Averett T, Benmokhtar F, Bertozzi W, Bimbot L, Brash EJ, Calarco JR, Cavata C, Chai Z, Chang CC, Chang T, Chen JP, Chudakov E, De Leo R, Dieterich S, Endres R, Epstein MB, Escoffier S, Fissum KG, Fonvieille H, Frullani S, Gao J, Garibaldi F, Gilad S, Gilman R, Glamazdin A, Glashausser C, Gomez J, Gorbenko V, Hansen JO, Higinbotham DW, Huber GM, Iodice M, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Kelly JJ, Khandaker M, Kozlov A, Kramer KM, Kumbartzki G, LeRose JJ, Lhuillier D, Lindgren RA, Liyanage N, Lolos GJ, Margaziotis DJ, Marie F, Markowitz P, McCormick K, Michaels R, Milbrath BD, Nanda SK, Neyret D, Papandreou Z, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piskunov NM, Punjabi V, Pussieux T, Quéméner G, Ransome RD, Raue BA, Roché R, Rvachev M, Saha A, Salgado C, Sirca S, Sitnik I, Strauch S, Todor L, Tomasi-Gustafsson E, Urciuoli GM, Voskanyan H, Wijesooriya K, Wojtsekhowski BB, Zheng X, Zhu L. Measurement of G(E(p))/G(M(p)) in e(-->)p---> e(-->)p to Q(2) = 5.6 GeV(2). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:092301. [PMID: 11863996 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton G(E(p))/G(M(p)), which is an image of its charge and magnetization distributions, was measured at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) using the recoil polarization technique. The ratio of the form factors is directly proportional to the ratio of the transverse to longitudinal components of the polarization of the recoil proton in the elastic e(-->)p---> e(-->)p reaction. The new data presented span the range 3.5< Q(2)< 5.6 GeV(2) and are well described by a linear Q(2) fit. Also, the ratio sqrt[Q(2)] F(2(p))/F(1(p)) reaches a constant value above Q(2) = 2 GeV(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gayou
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA
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