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Bagui E, Clesse S, De Luca V, Ezquiaga JM, Franciolini G, García-Bellido J, Joana C, Kumar Jain R, Kuroyanagi S, Musco I, Papanikolaou T, Raccanelli A, Renaux-Petel S, Riotto A, Ruiz Morales E, Scalisi M, Sergijenko O, Ünal C, Vennin V, Wands D. Primordial black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures. LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY 2025; 28:1. [PMID: 39867666 PMCID: PMC11758218 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-024-00053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
In the recent years, primordial black holes (PBHs) have emerged as one of the most interesting and hotly debated topics in cosmology. Among other possibilities, PBHs could explain both some of the signals from binary black hole mergers observed in gravitational-wave detectors and an important component of the dark matter in the Universe. Significant progress has been achieved both on the theory side and from the point of view of observations, including new models and more accurate calculations of PBH formation, evolution, clustering, merger rates, as well as new astrophysical and cosmological probes. In this work, we review, analyze and combine the latest developments in order to perform end-to-end calculations of the various gravitational-wave signatures of PBHs. Different ways to distinguish PBHs from stellar black holes are emphasized. Finally, we discuss their detectability with LISA, the first planned gravitational-wave observatory in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Bagui
- Service de Physique Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP225, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Clesse
- Service de Physique Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP225, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valerio De Luca
- Center for Particle Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jose María Ezquiaga
- Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriele Franciolini
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Juan García-Bellido
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Joana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- Cosmology, Universe and Relativity at Louvain (CURL), Institute of Mathematics and Physics, University of Louvain, Chemin du Cyclotron 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rajeev Kumar Jain
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012 India
| | - Sachiko Kuroyanagi
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Ilia Musco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Theodoros Papanikolaou
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
- National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Nymfon, 11852 Athens, Greece
| | - Alvise Raccanelli
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Fisica Galileo Galilei, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sébastien Renaux-Petel
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, GReCO, UMR 7095 du CNRS et de Sorbonne Université, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Riotto
- Département de Physique Théorique and Gravitational Wave Science Center (GWSC), Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ester Ruiz Morales
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physics-ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Scalisi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany
| | - Olga Sergijenko
- Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho str., 27, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
- AGH University of Krakow, Aleja Mickiewicza, 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University “Kyiv Mohyla Academy”, Skovorody str., 2, 04070 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna str., 3, 04053 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Caner Ünal
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105 Israel
- CEICO, FZU–Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Feza Gursey Institute, Bogazici University, Kandilli, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vincent Vennin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Wands
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX UK
| | - For the LISA Cosmology Working Group
- Service de Physique Théorique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, CP225, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Particle Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, 1 Esplanade des Particules, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- Cosmology, Universe and Relativity at Louvain (CURL), Institute of Mathematics and Physics, University of Louvain, Chemin du Cyclotron 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, C. V. Raman Road, Bangalore, 560012 India
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Laboratoire Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
- National Observatory of Athens, Lofos Nymfon, 11852 Athens, Greece
- Dipartimento di Fisica Galileo Galilei, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, GReCO, UMR 7095 du CNRS et de Sorbonne Université, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
- Département de Physique Théorique and Gravitational Wave Science Center (GWSC), Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics-ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28012 Madrid, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany
- Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho str., 27, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
- AGH University of Krakow, Aleja Mickiewicza, 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University “Kyiv Mohyla Academy”, Skovorody str., 2, 04070 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Astronomical Observatory of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna str., 3, 04053 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105 Israel
- CEICO, FZU–Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Feza Gursey Institute, Bogazici University, Kandilli, Istanbul, Turkey
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, CNRS, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3FX UK
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