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Abstract
Primordial black holes, which could have been formed in the very early Universe due to the collapse of large curvature fluctuations, are currently one of the most attractive and fascinating research areas in cosmology for their possible theoretical and observational implications. This review article presents the current results and developments on the conditions for primordial black hole formation from the collapse of curvature fluctuations in spherical symmetry on a Friedman–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker background and its numerical simulation. We review the appropriate formalism for the conditions of primordial black hole formation, and we detail a numerical implementation. We then focus on different results regarding the threshold and the black hole mass using different sets of curvature fluctuations. Finally, we present the current state of analytical estimations for the primordial black hole formation threshold, contrasted with numerical simulations.
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Ashoorioon A, Rostami A, Firouzjaee JT. Examining the end of inflation with primordial black hole mass distribution and gravitational waves. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.103.123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kusenko A, Sasaki M, Sugiyama S, Takada M, Takhistov V, Vitagliano E. Exploring Primordial Black Holes from the Multiverse with Optical Telescopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:181304. [PMID: 33196269 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.181304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a viable candidate for dark matter if the PBH masses are in the currently unconstrained "sublunar" mass range. We revisit the possibility that PBHs were produced by nucleation of false vacuum bubbles during inflation. We show that this scenario can produce a population of PBHs that simultaneously accounts for all dark matter, explains the candidate event in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) data, and contains both heavy black holes as observed by LIGO and very heavy seeds of supermassive black holes. We demonstrate with numerical studies that future observations of HSC, as well as other optical surveys, such as LSST, will be able to provide a definitive test for this generic PBH formation mechanism if it is the dominant source of dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kusenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Misao Sasaki
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Center for Gravitational Physics, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sunao Sugiyama
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takada
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), UTIAS The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
| | - Volodymyr Takhistov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - Edoardo Vitagliano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
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Capovilla R, Guven J. Large deformations of relativistic membranes: A generalization of the Raychaudhuri equations. Int J Clin Exp Med 1995; 52:1072-1081. [PMID: 10019324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.52.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Capovilla R, Guven J. Geometry of deformations of relativistic membranes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1995; 51:6736-6743. [PMID: 10018434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.51.6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Larsen AL. Stable and unstable circular strings in inflationary universes. Int J Clin Exp Med 1995; 51:4330-4336. [PMID: 10018909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.51.4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Larsen AL, Sánchez N. Strings propagating in the (2+1)-dimensional black hole anti-de Sitter spacetime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1994; 50:7493-7518. [PMID: 10017734 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.50.7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Linde A, Linde D. Topological defects as seeds for eternal inflation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1994; 50:2456-2468. [PMID: 10017879 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.50.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Garriga J. Nucleation rates in flat and curved space. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1994; 49:6327-6342. [PMID: 10016956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.49.6327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Garriga J. Instantons for vacuum decay at finite temperature in the thin wall limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1994; 49:5497-5506. [PMID: 10016868 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.49.5497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Liddle AR. The inflationary energy scale. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1994; 49:739-747. [PMID: 10017030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.49.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Guven J. Perturbations of a topological defect as a theory of coupled scalar fields in curved space interacting with an external vector potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 48:5562-5569. [PMID: 10016222 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.5562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Caldwell RR, Gates E. Constraints on cosmic strings due to black holes formed from collapsed cosmic string loops. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 48:2581-2586. [PMID: 10016506 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Garriga J, Sakellariadou M. Effects of friction on cosmic strings. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1993; 48:2502-2515. [PMID: 10016500 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.48.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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