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Aghdasinia S, Allahverdizadeh H, Afkari E, Ahmadpour B, Bemani M. Optimizing an electromagnetic wave absorber for bi-anisotropic metasurfaces based on toroidal modes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8783. [PMID: 38627473 PMCID: PMC11021463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The design and optimization of an electromagnetic wave absorber for far-field wireless power transmission (WPT) is the subject of this research study. The goal of the research is to effectively absorb energy from ambient RF electromagnetic waves without the usage of a ground plane by employing metasurfaces with chiral components.By integrating trioidal moments into the design theory, the objective is to create a metasurface that functions in two frequency bands and produces high-quality resonance. The study also explores the dual non-homogeneity property of structures, polarization tensor coefficients, and the electromagnetic response of non-homogeneous metasurfaces. Based on the relative orientation of induced fields and moments, it delves deeper into the two basic possibilities for dual non-homogeneous elements. The development of chiral metasurfaces and the notion of electromagnetic chirality and its implications for polarization properties are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Aghdasinia
- Department of electric and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Hossein Allahverdizadeh
- Department of electric and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Ehsan Afkari
- Department of electric and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Behrouz Ahmadpour
- Department of electric and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bemani
- Department of electric and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran.
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2
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Summa FF, Monaco G, Zanasi R, Lazzeretti P. Dynamic Toroidisability as Ubiquitous Property of Atoms and Molecules in Optical Electric Fields. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0082731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Salerno Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno Department of Chemistry and Biology, Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- University of Salerno Department of Chemistry and Biology, Italy
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3
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Dmitriev V, Santos SDS, Kupriianov AS, Tuz VR. Transition between toroidic orders in dielectric metasurfaces by polarization of the incident wave. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:2964-2967. [PMID: 34129585 DOI: 10.1364/ol.428529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a design and perform a theoretical and experimental study of optical properties of a metasurface composed of hexagonal oligomers of dielectric particles that somewhat resemble characteristics of multiferroics. It can maintain both toroidic and antitoroidic orders in the dynamical response on irradiation by a linearly polarized plane wave. These orders originate from the dark states of toroidal dipole moments. Due to the consciously chosen perturbation in the oligomers, the orders are excited at the same frequency by the wave with orthogonal polarization. The excitation of these orders results in different characteristics of the electric near-field localization. This has significant potential for several applications, which are thoroughly discussed.
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Ahmadivand A, Gerislioglu B, Ramezani Z, Kaushik A, Manickam P, Ghoreishi SA. Functionalized terahertz plasmonic metasensors: Femtomolar-level detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112971. [PMID: 33434777 PMCID: PMC7787065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.112971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective and efficient management of human betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 virus infection i.e., COVID-19 pandemic, required sensitive and selective sensors with short sample-to-result durations for performing desired diagnostics. In this direction, one appropriate alternative approach to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus protein at low level i.e., femtomolar (fM) is exploring plasmonic metasensor technology for COVID-19 diagnostics, which offers exquisite opportunities in advanced healthcare programs, and modern clinical diagnostics. The intrinsic merits of plasmonic metasensors stem from their capability to squeeze electromagnetic fields, simultaneously in frequency, time, and space. However, the detection of low-molecular weight biomolecules at low densities is a typical drawback of conventional metasensors that has recently been addressed using toroidal metasurface technology. This research is focused on the fabrication of a miniaturized plasmonic immunosensor based on toroidal electrodynamics concept that can sustain robustly confined plasmonic modes with ultranarrow lineshapes in the terahertz (THz) frequencies. By exciting toroidal dipole mode using our quasi-infinite metasurface and a judiciously optimized protocol based on functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with the specific monoclonal antibody specific to spike protein (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the metasurface, the resonance shifts for diverse concentrations of the spike protein are monitored. Possessing molecular weight around ~76 kDa allowed to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus protein with significantly low as limit of detection (LoD) was achieved as ~4.2 fM. We envisage that outcomes of this research will pave the way toward the use of toroidal metasensors as practical technologies for rapid and precise screening of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus carriers, symptomatic or asymptomatic, and spike proteins in hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Ahmadivand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, 77005, United States; Metamaterial Technologies Inc, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, United States.
| | - Burak Gerislioglu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX, 77005, United States
| | - Zeinab Ramezani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Art, & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805, United States
| | - Pandiaraj Manickam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Amir Ghoreishi
- Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Electrical Engineering, Varamin (Pishva) Branch Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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5
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Lazzeretti P. Static and optical anapole magnetizabilities and polarizabilities. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0019937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzeretti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Abstract
New organometallic complexes of carbon nanotori were designed and theoretically described by means of density functional theory. After a systematic structural search, it was found that energetically favorable complexes were formed by the metal atoms Cr and Ni, both located at the center of a nanotorus with diameter around 5 Å and 120 carbon atoms. The nature of the metal-nanotorus interaction shows a partial polar-covalent character, different from those found in other well-known organometallic compounds. Interactions were studied through molecular orbitals and thermodynamic stability. Ten bonds are set up between the metal atom and nanotorus, confirmed by electron density topology analysis, showing ten bond critical points among the metal atoms and the surrounding carbon atoms. The response of the induced electron current caused by a magnetic field perpendicular to the nanotorus was analyzed to explain the electron delocalization and aromaticity of the complexes. Only in the case of the chromium complex, the electron density is fully delocalized on the whole complex. According to a geometry-based index of aromaticity, interaction with the metal atom only changes the aromatic character of the carbon rings slightly. Also, induced currents were used to elucidate the presence of a ferrotoroidal behavior. The isolated nanotorus and its compound with a single Ni atom have well-defined ferrotoroidal behavior because they present broken symmetries and could help to design a topological insulator. Meanwhile, the nanotorus with a Cr atom at the center lacks ferrotoroidal behavior as a consequence of the absence of magnetic vortices. Graphical abstract Organometallic complex of carbon nanotorus with chromium and induced currents on it by applying an external magnetic field.
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Yang Y, Bozhevolnyi SI. Nonradiating anapole states in nanophotonics: from fundamentals to applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:204001. [PMID: 30695763 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab02b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiating sources are nontrivial charge-current distributions that do not generate fields outside the source domain. The pursuit of their possible existence has fascinated several generations of physicists and triggered developments in various branches of science ranging from medical imaging to dark matter. Recently, one of the most fundamental types of nonradiating sources, named anapole states, has been realized in nanophotonics regime and soon spurred considerable research efforts and widespread interest. A series of astounding advances have been achieved within a very short period of time, uncovering the great potential of anapole states in many aspects such as lasing, sensing, metamaterials, and nonlinear optics. In this review, we provide a detailed account of anapole states in nanophotonics research, encompassing their basic concepts, historical origins, and new physical effects. We discuss the recent research frontiers in understanding and employing optical anapoles and provide an outlook for this vibrant field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Yang
- Centre for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Wu PC, Liao CY, Savinov V, Chung TL, Chen WT, Huang YW, Wu PR, Chen YH, Liu AQ, Zheludev NI, Tsai DP. Optical Anapole Metamaterial. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1920-1927. [PMID: 29376312 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation independent from the familiar magnetic and electric dipoles. It corresponds to currents flowing along minor loops of a torus. Interference of radiating induced toroidal and electric dipoles leads to anapole, a nonradiating charge-current configuration. Interactions of induced toroidal dipoles with electromagnetic waves have recently been observed in artificial media at microwave, terahertz, and optical frequencies. Here, we demonstrate a quasi-planar plasmonic metamaterial, a combination of dumbbell aperture and vertical split-ring resonator, that exhibits transverse toroidal moment and resonant anapole behavior in the optical part of the spectrum upon excitation with a normally incident electromagnetic wave. Our results prove experimentally that toroidal modes and anapole modes can provide distinct and physically significant contributions to the absorption and dispersion of slabs of matter in the optical part of the spectrum in conventional transmission and reflection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Chieh Wu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun Yen Liao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Vassili Savinov
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Tsung Lin Chung
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei Ting Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei Ru Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
- TPI and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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Lazzeretti P. Chiral discrimination in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:443001. [PMID: 28786393 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa84d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property of molecules whose spatial symmetry is characterized by the absence of improper rotations, making them not superimposable to their mirror image. Chiral molecules constitute the elementary building blocks of living species and one enantiomer is favoured in general (e.g. L-aminoacids and D-sugars pervade terrestrial homochiral biochemistry) because most chemical reactions producing natural substances are enantioselective. Since the effect of chiral chemicals and drugs on living beings can be markedly different between enantiomers, the quest for practical spectroscopical methods to scrutinize chirality is an issue of great importance and interest. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a topmost analytical technique, but spectrometers currently used are 'blind' to chirality, i.e. unable to discriminate the two mirror-image forms of a chiral molecule, because, in the absence of a chiral solvent, the spectral parameters, chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants are identical for enantiomers. Therefore, the development of new procedures for routine chiral recognition would offer basic support to scientists. However, in the presence of magnetic fields, a distinction between true and false chirality is mandatory. The former epitomizes natural optical activity, which is rationalized by a time-even pseudoscalar, i.e. the trace of a second-rank tensor, the mixed electric dipole/magnetic dipole polarizability. The Faraday effect, magnetic circular dichroism and magnetic optical activity are instead related to a time-odd axial vector. The present review summarizes recent theoretical and experimental efforts to discriminate enantiomers via NMR spectroscopy, with the focus on the deep connection between chirality and symmetry properties under the combined set of fundamental discrete operations, namely charge conjugation, parity (space inversion) and time (motion) reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzeretti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italia
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Papasimakis N, Fedotov VA, Savinov V, Raybould TA, Zheludev NI. Electromagnetic toroidal excitations in matter and free space. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:263-71. [PMID: 26906961 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation, distinct from the magnetic and electric dipoles. While the electric dipole can be understood as a pair of opposite charges and the magnetic dipole as a current loop, the toroidal dipole corresponds to currents flowing on the surface of a torus. Toroidal dipoles provide physically significant contributions to the basic characteristics of matter including absorption, dispersion and optical activity. Toroidal excitations also exist in free space as spatially and temporally localized electromagnetic pulses propagating at the speed of light and interacting with matter. We review recent experimental observations of resonant toroidal dipole excitations in metamaterials and the discovery of anapoles, non-radiating charge-current configurations involving toroidal dipoles. While certain fundamental and practical aspects of toroidal electrodynamics remain open for the moment, we envision that exploitation of toroidal excitations can have important implications for the fields of photonics, sensing, energy and information.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Papasimakis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre &Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - V A Fedotov
- Optoelectronics Research Centre &Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - V Savinov
- Optoelectronics Research Centre &Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - T A Raybould
- Optoelectronics Research Centre &Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - N I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre &Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield SO17 1BJ, UK
- TPI and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637378, Singapore
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11
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Pagola GI, Ferraro MB, Provasi PF, Pelloni S, Lazzeretti P. Theoretical estimates of the anapole magnetizabilities of C4H4X2 cyclic molecules for X=O, S, Se, and Te. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:094305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4893991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. I. Pagola
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, and IFIBA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. I, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. B. Ferraro
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, and IFIBA, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. I, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P. F. Provasi
- Departamento de Física, Northeastern University, Av. Libertad 5500, W3400 AAS, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - S. Pelloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - P. Lazzeretti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Kaelberer T, Fedotov VA, Papasimakis N, Tsai DP, Zheludev NI. Toroidal Dipolar Response in a Metamaterial. Science 2010; 330:1510-2. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1197172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Toroidal multipoles are fundamental electromagnetic excitations different from those associated with the familiar charge and magnetic multipoles. They have been held responsible for parity violation in nuclear and particle physics, but direct evidence of their existence in classical electrodynamics has remained elusive. We report on the observation of a resonant electromagnetic response in an artificially engineered medium, or metamaterial, that cannot be attributed to magnetic or charge multipoles and can only be explained by the existence of a toroidal dipole. Our direct experimental evidence of the toroidal response brings attention to the often ignored electromagnetic interactions involving toroidal multipoles, which could be present in naturally occurring systems, especially at the macromolecule level, where toroidal symmetry is ubiquitous.
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Prosandeev S, Akbarzadeh AR, Bellaiche L. Discovery of incipient ferrotoroidics from atomistic simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:257601. [PMID: 19659119 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.257601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An effective Hamiltonian technique is used to investigate the effect of quantum vibrations on properties of stress-free KTaO3 nanodots under open-circuit electrical boundary conditions. We discover that these vibrations suppress the paraelectric-to-ferrotoroidic transition, or, equivalently, wash out the formation of vortex states. Such suppression leads to the saturation of the so-called ferrotoroidic susceptibility at low temperature, and to a peculiar local structure that exhibits short-range, needlelike correlations of the individual toroidal moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prosandeev
- Physics Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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