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Le P, Fratini E, Chen SH. Hydration-dependent dynamics of water in calcium-silicate-hydrate: A QENS study by global model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 168:187-192. [PMID: 29409715 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS In a saturated cement paste, there are three different types of water: the structural water chemically reacted with cement, the constrained water absorbed to the surface of the pores, and the free water in the center of the pores. Each type has different physicochemical state and unique relation to cement porosity. The different water types have different dynamics which can be detected using quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). Since the porosity of a hardened cement paste is impacted strongly by the water to cement ratio (w/c), it should be possible to extract the hydration dependence of the pores by exploiting the dynamical parameters of the confined water. EXPERIMENTS Three C-S-H samples with different water levels, 8%, 17% and 30% were measured using QENS. The measurements were carried out in the scattering vector, Q, range from 0.5 Å-1 to 1.3 Å-1, and in the temperature interval from 230 K to 280 K. The data were analyzed using a novel global model developed for cement QENS spectra. FINDINGS The results show that while increasing the water content, the structural water index (SWI) decreases and the confining radius, a, increases. Both SWI and a have a linear relationship with the water content. The Arrhenius plot of the translational relaxation time shows that the constrained water dominates the non-structural water at water contents lower than 17%. The rotational activation energy is smaller for lower water content. The analysis demonstrated that our newly proposed global model is practical and useful for analyzing cement QENS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisi Le
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence I-50019, Italy
| | - Sow-Hsin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Shevkunov SV. Hydration of Cl– ion in a planar nanopore with hydrophilic walls. 1. Molecular structure. COLLOID JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x15060186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Bertrand CE, Zhang Y, Chen SH. Deeply-cooled water under strong confinement: neutron scattering investigations and the liquid–liquid critical point hypothesis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43235h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Milischuk AA, Ladanyi BM. Structure and dynamics of water confined in silica nanopores. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:174709. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3657408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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5
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Cement: A two thousand year old nano-colloid. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 357:255-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Bordallo HN, Aldridge LP. Concrete and Cement Paste Studied by Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2010.6098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In a world where the effects of climate change on weather patterns is accepted as real and serious, the problem of decreasing the production of carbon dioxide is perceived as increasingly important. The cement industry produces 5–7% of the world’s carbon dioxide emission and its survival will depend on improvements in the production of concrete which will be both more durable and require less carbon dioxide per unit of manufacture than the currently produced concrete. The durability of concrete is related to its ability to limit fluid transmission and knowledge of how to reduce the rate at which water will be transmitted through cement paste is critical to improving durability. However, because of the complex chemical and physical nature of cement pastes, understanding water mobility is a great challenge. Many techniques are not applicable simply because they are not sensitive to the range of size from angstroms to microns and the extent of water interaction with the cement where water can either be chemically bound at hydroxyls or physically free in large pores. In this review paper, we present the most up to date results on the physical chemistry of the water/ cement paste interactions studied by quasi-elastic neutron scattering. These results bring new insight to the mobility of water in the gel pores, the small pores (radius less than 50Å) that control the rate of water transmission in the cement pastes from which high quality concrete will be made.
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Ridi F, Luciani P, Fratini E, Baglioni P. Water Confined in Cement Pastes as a Probe of Cement Microstructure Evolution. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:3080-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp808754t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Luciani
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3-Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019 Florence, Italy
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Structure and Dynamics of Fluids in Microporous and Mesoporous Earth and Engineered Materials. NEUTRON APPLICATIONS IN EARTH, ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09416-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bordallo HN, Aldridge LP, Desmedt A. Water Dynamics in Hardened Ordinary Portland Cement Paste or Concrete: From Quasielastic Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:17966-76. [PMID: 16956288 DOI: 10.1021/jp062922f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Portland cement reacts with water to form an amorphous paste through a chemical reaction called hydration. In concrete the formation of pastes causes the mix to harden and gain strength to form a rock-like mass. Within this process lies the key to a remarkable peculiarity of concrete: it is plastic and soft when newly mixed, strong and durable when hardened. These qualities explain why one material, concrete, can build skyscrapers, bridges, sidewalks and superhighways, houses, and dams. The character of the concrete is determined by the quality of the paste. Creep and shrinkage of concrete specimens occur during the loss and gain of water from cement paste. To better understand the role of water in mature concrete, a series of quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments were carried out on cement pastes with water/cement ratio varying between 0.32 and 0.6. The samples were cured for about 28 days in sealed containers so that the initial water content would not change. These experiments were carried out with an actual sample of Portland cement rather than with the components of cement studied by other workers. The QENS spectra differentiated between three different water interactions: water that was chemically bound into the cement paste, the physically bound or "glassy water" that interacted with the surface of the gel pores in the paste, and unbound water molecules that are confined within the larger capillary pores of cement paste. The dynamics of the "glassy" and "unboud" water in an extended time scale, from a hundred picoseconds to a few nanoseconds, could be clearly differentiated from the data. While the observed motions on the picosecond time scale are mainly stochastic reorientations of the water molecules, the dynamics observed on the nanosecond range can be attributed to long-range diffusion. Diffusive motion was characterized by diffusion constants in the range of (0.6-2) 10(-9) m(2)/s, with significant reduction compared to the rate of diffusion for bulk water. This reduction of the water diffusion is discussed in terms of the interaction of the water with the calcium silicate gel and the ions present in the pore water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa N Bordallo
- Hahn-Meitner-Institut, SF6 Glienicker Strasse, 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
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Ridi F, Fratini E, Milani S, Baglioni P. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Investigation of the Water Confined in Tricalcium Silicate Pastes. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:16326-31. [PMID: 16913759 DOI: 10.1021/jp060026y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the evolution of the vibrational spectrum of water entrapped in a tricalcium silicate paste. The overall free water, which decreases as a function of time due to the formation of the hydrated phases (portlandite, Ca(OH)(2), and hydrated calcium silicate, C-S-H) during the hydration reaction, is quantified by the decrease in the area of the NIR band at about 5000 cm(-1). The coexistence of two types of water in the hydrated phases (a "surface-interacting water" (type I) and a "bulklike water" (type II)) during the hydration is obtained by the analysis of the band at about 7000 cm(-1). The deconvolution of this band allows the quantification of the two water types. As the reaction advances, part of the "bulklike water" is converted to "surface-interacting water" in direct agreement with the C-S-H surface development. Finally, the Ca(OH)(2) formation can be concurrently monitored by NIR through the increase of a very sharp peak at 7083 cm(-1). Near-infrared spectroscopy allows determination in a very simple way of the most important features of the tricalcium silicate setting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Faraone A, Fratini E, Baglioni P, Chen SH. Quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering on hydrated calcium silicate pastes. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:3212-20. [PMID: 15291633 DOI: 10.1063/1.1772755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the inverse geometry spectrometer QENS at the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source of the Argonne National Laboratory, we collected quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering spectra of hydrated tricalcium and dicalcium silicate, the main components of ordinary Portland cement. Data were obtained at different curing time, from a few hours to several months. Both the quasielastic and inelastic spectra have been analyzed at the same time according to the relaxing cage model, which is a model developed to describe the dynamics of water at supercooled temperatures. Short-time and long-time dynamics of hydration water in hydrated cement pastes as a function of the curing time have been simultaneously obtained. The results confirm the findings reported in previous experiments showing that it is possible to fit consistently the quasielastic and inelastic spectra giving insights on the effect of the curing time on the short-time vibrational dynamics of hydration water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Faraone
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Alesiani M, Capuani S, Giorgi R, Maraviglia B, Pirazzoli I, Ridi F, Baglioni P. Influence of Cellulosic Additives on Tricalcium Silicate Hydration: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Time Analysis. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037876n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Alesiani
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, and Department of Physics, ‘La Sapienza' University and INFM UdR Roma1, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Capuani
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, and Department of Physics, ‘La Sapienza' University and INFM UdR Roma1, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Rodorico Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, and Department of Physics, ‘La Sapienza' University and INFM UdR Roma1, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Maraviglia
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, and Department of Physics, ‘La Sapienza' University and INFM UdR Roma1, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pirazzoli
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, and Department of Physics, ‘La Sapienza' University and INFM UdR Roma1, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, and Department of Physics, ‘La Sapienza' University and INFM UdR Roma1, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, and Department of Physics, ‘La Sapienza' University and INFM UdR Roma1, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
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Faraone A, Liu L, Mou CY, Yen CW, Chen SH. Fragile-to-strong liquid transition in deeply supercooled confined water. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:10843-6. [PMID: 15634035 DOI: 10.1063/1.1832595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Confining water in lab synthesized nanoporous silica matrices MCM-41-S with pore diameters of 18 and 14 A, we have been able to study the molecular dynamics of water in deeply supercooled states, down to 200 K. Using quasielastic neutron scattering and analyzing the data with the relaxing cage model, we determined the temperature variation of the average translational relaxation time and its Q-dependence. We find a clear evidence of an abrupt change of the relaxation time behavior at T approximately equal to 225 K, which we interpreted as the predicted fragile-to-strong liquid-liquid transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faraone
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Faraone A, Liu L, Mou CY, Shih PC, Brown C, Copley JRD, Dimeo RM, Chen SH. Dynamics of supercooled water in mesoporous silica matrix MCM-48-S. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2003; 12 Suppl 1:S59-S62. [PMID: 15011017 DOI: 10.1140/epjed/e2003-01-015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using three different quasielastic neutron spectrometers with widely different resolutions, we have been able to study the microscopic translational and rotational dynamics of water, in a mesoporous silica matrix MCM-48-S, from T=300 K to 220 K, with a single consistent model. We formulated our fitting routine using the relaxing cage model. Thus, from the fit of the experimental data, we extracted the fraction of water bound to the surface of the pore, the characteristic relaxation times of the long-time translational and rotational decays, the stretch exponent describing the shape of the relaxation processes, and the power exponent determining the Q-dependence of the translational relaxation time. A tremendous slowing down of the rotational relaxation time, as compared to the translational one, has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faraone
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Faraone A, Liu L, Chen SH. Model for the translation–rotation coupling of molecular motion in water. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1601599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Bellissent-Funel MC. Status of experiments probing the dynamics of water in confinement. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2003; 12:83-92. [PMID: 15007684 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2003-10023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In many relevant situations, water is not in its bulk form but is instead attached to some substrates or filling some cavities. We shall call water in the latter environment "confined or interfacial water" as opposed to bulk water. This confined water is essential for the stability and function of biological macromolecules. In this review paper, we present the more recent up to date account of the dynamics of confined water as compared with that of bulk water. Various techniques are used to study the dynamics of confined water. Among them, quasi-elastic and inelastic neutron scattering is a powerful tool to study translational and rotational diffusion as well as vibrational density of states of confined water. Various examples involving water confined in porous media, adsorbed on surface of ionic crystals, in the presence of organic solutes and at the surface of biological molecules are presented. The combined effects of the hydration level and the temperature on the retardation of the water molecules motions are discussed on the basis of phenomenological models as well as of power law fits based on the Mode Coupling Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Bellissent-Funel
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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Fratini E, Chen SH, Baglioni P. Investigation of the Temporal Evolution of Translational Dynamics of Water Molecules in Hydrated Calcium Aluminate Pastes. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0340461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3 − Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 24-209, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Sow-Hsin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3 − Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 24-209, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3 − Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 24-209, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Faraone A, Liu L, Mou CY, Shih PC, Copley JRD, Chen SH. Translational and rotational dynamics of water in mesoporous silica materials: MCM-41-S and MCM-48-S. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1584653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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