Exact finite-size corrections of the free energy for the square lattice dimer model under different boundary conditions

Asymptotics of the Determinant of Discrete Laplacians on Triangulated and Quadrangulated Surfaces

Consider a surface Ω with a boundary obtained by gluing together a finite number of equilateral triangles, or squares, along their boundaries, equipped with a vector bundle with a flat unitary connection. Let Ω δ be a discretization of this surface, in which each triangle or square is discretized by a bi-periodic lattice of mesh size δ , possessing enough symmetries so that these discretizations can be glued together seamlessly. We show that the logarithm of the product of non-zero eigenvalues of the discrete Laplacian acting on the sections of the bundle is asymptotic to A | Ω δ | + B | ∂ Ω δ | + C log δ + D + o ( 1 ) . Here A and B are constants that depend only on the lattice, C is an explicit constant depending on the bundle, the angles at conical singularities and at corners of the boundary, and D is a sum of lattice-dependent contributions from singularities and a universal term that can be interpreted as a zeta-regularization of the determinant of the continuum Laplacian acting on the sections of the bundle. We allow for Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions, or mixtures thereof. Our proof is based on an integral formula for the determinant in terms of theta function, and the functional Central limit theorem.

Specific heat and partition function zeros for the dimer model on the checkerboard B lattice: Finite-size effects

There are three possible classifications of the dimer weights on the bonds of the checkerboard lattice and they are denoted as checkerboard A, B, and C lattices [Phys. Rev. E 91, 062139 (2015)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.91.062139]. The dimer model on the checkerboard B and C lattices has much richer critical behavior compared to the dimer model on the checkerboard A lattice. In this paper we study in full detail the dimer model on the checkerboard B lattice. The dimer model on the checkerboard B lattice has two types of critical behavior. In one limit this model is the anisotropic dimer model on rectangular lattice with algebraic decay of correlators and in another limit it is the anisotropic generalized Kasteleyn model with radically different critical behavior. We analyze the partition function of the dimer model on a 2M×2N checkerboard B lattice wrapped on a torus. We find very unusual behavior of the partition function zeros and the specific heat of the dimer model. Remarkably, the partition function zeros of finite-size systems can have very interesting structures, made of rings, concentric circles, radial line segments, or even arabesque structures. We find out that the number of the specific heat peaks and the number of circles of the partition function zeros increases with the system size. The lattice anisotropy of the model has strong effects on the behavior of the specific heat, dominating the relation between the correlation length exponent ν and the shift exponent λ, and λ is generally unequal to 1/ν (λ≠1/ν).

Finite-size corrections and scaling for the dimer model on the checkerboard lattice

Lattice models are useful for understanding behaviors of interacting complex many-body systems. The lattice dimer model has been proposed to study the adsorption of diatomic molecules on a substrate. Here we analyze the partition function of the dimer model on a 2M×2N checkerboard lattice wrapped on a torus and derive the exact asymptotic expansion of the logarithm of the partition function. We find that the internal energy at the critical point is equal to zero. We also derive the exact finite-size corrections for the free energy, the internal energy, and the specific heat. Using the exact partition function and finite-size corrections for the dimer model on a finite checkerboard lattice, we obtain finite-size scaling functions for the free energy, the internal energy, and the specific heat of the dimer model. We investigate the properties of the specific heat near the critical point and find that the specific-heat pseudocritical point coincides with the critical point of the thermodynamic limit, which means that the specific-heat shift exponent λ is equal to ∞. We have also considered the limit N→∞ for which we obtain the expansion of the free energy for the dimer model on the infinitely long cylinder. From a finite-size analysis we have found that two conformal field theories with the central charges c=1 for the height function description and c=-2 for the construction using a mapping of spanning trees can be used to describe the dimer model on the checkerboard lattice.

Exact finite-size corrections for the spanning-tree model under different boundary conditions

We express the partition functions of the spanning tree on finite square lattices under five different sets of boundary conditions in terms of a principal partition function with twisted-boundary conditions. Based on these expressions, we derive the exact asymptotic expansions of the logarithm of the partition function for each case. We have also established several groups of identities relating spanning-tree partition functions for the different boundary conditions. We also explain an apparent discrepancy between logarithmic correction terms in the free energy for a two-dimensional spanning-tree model with periodic and free-boundary conditions and conformal field theory predictions. We have obtained corner free energy for the spanning tree under free-boundary conditions in full agreement with conformal field theory predictions.

Amplitude ratios for critical systems in the c=-2 universality class

We study the finite-size corrections of the critical dense polymer (CDP) and the dimer models on ∞×N rectangular lattice. We find that the finite-size corrections in the CDP and dimer models depend in a crucial way on the parity of N, and a change of the parity of N is equivalent to the change of boundary conditions. We present a set of universal amplitude ratios for amplitudes in finite-size correction terms of critical systems in the universality class with central charge c=-2. The results are in perfect agreement with a perturbated conformal field theory under the assumption that all analytical corrections coming from the operators which belongs to the tower of the identity. Our results inspire many interesting problems for further studies.

Universal amplitude ratios for scaling corrections on Ising strips

We study the (analytic) finite-size corrections in the Ising model on the strip with free, fixed (++), and mixed boundary conditions. For fixed (++) boundary conditions, the spins are fixed to the same values on two sides of the strip. We find that subdominant finite-size corrections to scaling should be to the form a(p)/N(2p-1) for the free energy f(N) and b(p)/N(2p-1) for inverse correlation length ξ(N)(-1), with integer value of p. We investigate the set {a(p),b(p)} by exact evaluation and their changes upon varying anisotropy of coupling. We find that the amplitude ratios b(p)/a(p) remain constant upon varying coupling anisotropy. Such universal behavior is correctly reproduced by the conformal perturbative approach.

Dimer model on a triangular lattice

We analyze the partition function of the dimer model on an M×N triangular lattice wrapped on a torus obtained by Fendley, Moessner, and Sondhi [Phys. Rev. B 66, 214513 (2002)]. From a finite-size analysis we have found that the dimer model on such a lattice can be described by a conformal field theory having a central charge c=-2. The shift exponent for the specific heat is found to depend on the parity of the number of lattice sites N along a given lattice axis: e.g., for odd N we obtain the shift exponent λ=1, while for even N it is infinite (λ=∞). In the former case, therefore, the finite-size specific-heat pseudocritical point is size dependent, while in the latter case it coincides with the critical point of the thermodynamic limit.

Exact solution of a monomer-dimer problem: a single boundary monomer on a nonbipartite lattice

We solve the monomer-dimer problem on a nonbipartite lattice, a simple quartic lattice with cylindrical boundary conditions, with a single monomer residing on the boundary. Due to the nonbipartite nature of the lattice, the well-known method of solving single-monomer problems with a Temperley bijection cannot be used. In this paper, we derive the solution by mapping the problem onto one of closed-packed dimers on a related lattice. Finite-size analysis of the solution is carried out. We find from asymptotic expansions of the free energy that the central charge in the logarithmic conformal field theory assumes the value c=-2.

Asymptotic expansion for the resistance between two maximally separated nodes on an M by N resistor network

We analyze the exact formulas for the resistance between two arbitrary notes in a rectangular network of resistors under free, periodic and cylindrical boundary conditions obtained by Wu [J. Phys. A 37, 6653 (2004)]. Based on such expression, we then apply the algorithm of Ivashkevich, Izmailian, and Hu [J. Phys. A 35, 5543 (2002)] to derive the exact asymptotic expansions of the resistance between two maximally separated nodes on an M×N rectangular network of resistors with resistors r and s in the two spatial directions. Our results is 1/s (R(M×N))(r,s) = c(ρ)ln S + c(0)(ρ,ξ) + ∑(p=1)(∞) (c(2p)(ρ,ξ))/S(p) with S = MN, ρ = r/s and ξ = M/N. The all coefficients in this expansion are expressed through analytical functions. We have introduced the effective aspect ratio ξeff = square root(ρ)ξ for free and periodic boundary conditions and ξeff = square root(ρ)ξ/2 for cylindrical boundary condition and show that all finite-size correction terms are invariant under transformation ξeff→1/ξeff.

Mapping functions and critical behavior of percolation on rectangular domains

The existence probability E_{p} and the percolation probability P of bond percolation on rectangular domains with different aspect ratios R are studied via the mapping functions between systems with different aspect ratios. The superscaling behavior of E_{p} and P for such systems with exponents a and b , respectively, found by Watanabe [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 190601 (2004)] can be understood from the lower-order approximation of the mapping functions f_{R} and g_{R} for E_{p} and P , respectively; the exponents a and b can be obtained from numerically determined mapping functions f_{R} and g_{R} , respectively.

Configurational probabilities for symmetric dimers on a lattice: an analytical approximation with exact limits at low and high densities

A new approach is developed for lattice density functional theory of interacting symmetric dimers at high temperatures. Equations of equilibrium for two-dimensional square and three-dimensional cubic lattices are derived for the complete set of configurations in the first three shells around the central dimer, and rules of truncation for higher shells are based on exact results from the mathematical theory of domino tilings. This provides exact limits for both low and high densities. The new model predicts contributions of particular configurations which are in agreement with Monte Carlo simulations over the whole range of densities, including agreement with pocket Monte Carlo simulations at high densities.

Finite-size effects for the Ising model on helical tori

We analyze the exact partition function of the Ising model on a square lattice under helical boundary conditions obtained by Liaw [Phys. Rev. E 73, 055101(R) (2006)]. Based on such an expression, we then extend the algorithm of Ivashkevich, Izmailian, and Hu [J. Phys. A 35, 5543 (2002)] to derive an exact asymptotic expansion of the logarithm of the partition function and its first to fourth derivatives at the critical point. From such results, we find that the shift exponent for the specific heat is lambda=1 for all values of the helicity factor d . We also find that finite-size corrections for the free energy, the internal energy, and the specific heat of the model in a crucial way depend on the helicity factor of the lattice.

Asymptotics of the monomer-dimer model on two-dimensional semi-infinite lattices

By using the asymptotic theory of Pemantle and Wilson [R. Pemantle and M. C. Wilson, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. A10.1006/jcta.2001.3201 97, 129 (2002)], asymptotic expansions of the free energy of the monomer-dimer model on two-dimensional semi-infinite infinity x n lattices in terms of dimer density are obtained for small values of n , at both high- and low-dimer-density limits. In the high-dimer-density limit, the theoretical results confirm the dependence of the free energy on the parity of n , a result obtained previously by computational methods by Y. Kong [Y. Kong, Phys. Rev. E10.1103/PhysRevE.74.061102 74, 061102 (2006); Phys. Rev. E10.1103/PhysRevE.73.016106 73, 016106 (2006);Phys. Rev. E10.1103/PhysRevE.74.011102 74, 011102 (2006)]. In the low-dimer-density limit, the free energy on a cylinder infinity x n lattice strip has exactly the same first n terms in the series expansion as that of an infinite infinity x infinity lattice.

Monomer-dimer model in two-dimensional rectangular lattices with fixed dimer density

The classical monomer-dimer model in two-dimensional lattices has been shown to belong to the "#P-complete" class, which indicates the problem is computationally "intractable." We use exact computational method to investigate the number of ways to arrange dimers on mxn two-dimensional rectangular lattice strips with fixed dimer density rho . For any dimer density 0<rho<1 , we find a logarithmic correction term in the finite-size correction of the free energy per lattice site. The coefficient of the logarithmic correction term is exactly -12 . This logarithmic correction term is explained by the newly developed asymptotic theory of Pemantle and Wilson. The sequence of the free energy of lattice strips with cylinder boundary condition converges so fast that very accurate free energy f{2}(rho) for large lattices can be obtained. For example, for a half-filled lattice, f{2}(12)=0.633195588930 , while f{2}(14)=0.4413453753046 and f{2}(34)=0.64039026 . For rho<0.65 , f{2}(rho) is accurate at least to ten decimal digits. The function f{2}(rho) reaches the maximum value f{2}(rho{*})=0.662798972834 at rho{*}=0.6381231 , with 11 correct digits. This is also the monomer-dimer constant for two-dimensional rectangular lattices. The asymptotic expressions of free energy near close packing are investigated for finite and infinite lattice widths. For lattices with finite width, dependence on the parity of the lattice width is found. For infinite lattices, the data support the functional form obtained previously through series expansions.

Finite-size corrections and scaling for the triangular lattice dimer model with periodic boundary conditions

We analyze the partition function of the dimer model on M x N triangular lattice wrapped on the torus obtained by Fendley, Moessner, and Sondhi [Phys. Rev. B 66, 214513, (2002)]. Based on such an expression, we then extend the algorithm of Ivashkevich, Izmailian, and Hu [J. Phys. A 35, 5543 (2002)] to derive the exact asymptotic expansion of the first and second derivatives of the logarithm of the partition function at the critical point and find that the aspect-ratio dependence of finite-size corrections and the finite-size scaling functions are sensitive to the parity of the number of lattice sites along the lattice axis.

Logarithmic conformal field theory and boundary effects in the dimer model

We study the finite-size corrections of the dimer model on a square lattice with two different boundary conditions: free and periodic. We find that the finite-size corrections depend in a crucial way on the parity of ; we also show that such unusual finite-size behavior can be fully explained in the framework of the logarithmic conformal field theory.

Universal finite-size scaling functions with exact nonuniversal metric factors

Using exact partition functions and finite-size corrections for the Ising model on finite square, plane triangular, and honeycomb lattices and extending a method [J. Phys. 19, L1215 (1986)] to subtract leading singular terms from the free energy, we obtain universal finite-size scaling functions for the specific heat, internal energy, and free energy of the Ising model on these lattices with exact nonuniversal metric factors.