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Rottler J. Molecular mobility in driven monomeric and polymeric glasses. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:010501. [PMID: 30110863 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We show that in monomeric supercooled liquids and glasses that are plastically flowing at a constant shear stress σ while being deformed with strain rate ε[over ̇], the microscopic structural relaxation time τ_{str} is given by the universal relation σ/G_{∞}ε[over ̇] with G_{∞} a modulus. This equality holds for all rheological regimes from temperatures above the glass transition all the way to the athermal limit, and arises from the competing effects of elastic loading and viscous dissipation. In macromolecular (polymeric) glasses, however, the stress decouples from this relaxation time and τ_{str} is in fact further reduced even though σ rises during glassy strain hardening. We develop expressions to capture both effects and thus provide a framework for analyzing mobility measurements in glassy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Rottler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
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2
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Ballesta P, Petekidis G. Creep and aging of hard-sphere glasses under constant stress. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:042613. [PMID: 27176358 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.042613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the aging behavior of glassy suspensions of nearly hard-sphere colloids submitted to a constant shear stress. For low stresses, below the yield stress, the system is subject to creep motion. As the sample ages, the shear rate exhibits a power-law decrease with time with exponents that depend on the sample age. We use a combination of rheological experiments with time-resolved photon correlation spectroscopy to investigate the time evolution of the sample dynamics under shear on various time and length scales. Long-time light-scattering experiments reveal the occurrence of microscopic rearrangement events that are linked with the macroscopic strain deformation of the sample. Dynamic time sweep experiments indicate that while the internal microscopic dynamics slow down continuously with waiting time, the storage and loss moduli are almost constant after a fast, weak decrease, resembling the behavior of quenched systems with partially frozen-in stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ballesta
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto - CEFT - Dep. Engenharia Química, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- IESL-FORTH, PO Box 1527, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
| | - G Petekidis
- IESL-FORTH, PO Box 1527, Heraklion 71110, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Greece
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3
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Shu R, Sun W, Liu X, Tong Z. Temperature dependence of aging kinetics of hectorite clay suspensions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 444:132-40. [PMID: 25594804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aging of salt-free hectorite suspensions with different concentrations (c(L)=2.9, 3.2 and 3.5 wt%) stored for 2 days or 4 days was studied by rheology at different temperatures. The evolution of storage and loss moduli G' and G″ during aging followed aging time-temperature superposition. The temperature dependence of the shift factor a(T), which reflected the aging kinetics, was interpreted by the reaction-limited colloidal aggregation (RLCA) mechanism with counterion condensation in calculating the double-layer interaction of the charged clay particles. Temperature dependence of the plateau modulus and yield stress of the suspension aged for 800 s was modeled with the soft glassy rheology (SGR) theory. The estimated noise temperature x indicated that the sample aged at higher temperature corresponded to a deeper quench in the nonergodic state. Under larger amplitude of oscillatory shear, the suspension exhibited a strain rate-frequency superposition (SRFS). The shearing eliminated the effects of aging and heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Shu
- Research Institute of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weixiang Sun
- Research Institute of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xinxing Liu
- Research Institute of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- Research Institute of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Kaushal M, Joshi YM. Tailoring relaxation time spectrum in soft glassy materials. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:024904. [PMID: 23862962 DOI: 10.1063/1.4812838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical properties of out of equilibrium soft materials depend on time as well as deformation history. In this work we propose to transform this major shortcoming into gain by applying controlled deformation field to tailor the rheological properties. We take advantage of the fact that deformation field of a certain magnitude can prevent particles in an aging soft glassy material from occupying energy wells up to a certain depth, thereby populating only the deeper wells. We employ two soft glassy materials with dissimilar microstructures and demonstrate that increase in strength of deformation field while aging leads to narrowing of spectrum of relaxation times. We believe that, in principle, this philosophy can be universally applied to different kinds of glassy materials by changing nature and strength of impetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kaushal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Sun W, Yang Y, Wang T, Liu X, Wang C, Tong Z. Large amplitude oscillatory shear rheology for nonlinear viscoelasticity in hectorite suspensions containing poly(ethylene glycol). POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Negi AS, Osuji CO. Time-resolved viscoelastic properties during structural arrest and aging of a colloidal glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:031404. [PMID: 21230074 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.031404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of the energy landscape during physical aging of glassy materials can be understood from the frequency and strain dependence of the shear modulus but the nonstationary nature of these systems frustrates investigation of their instantaneous underlying properties. Using a series of time-dependent measurements we systematically reconstruct the frequency and strain dependence as a function of age for a repulsive colloidal glass undergoing structural arrest. In this manner, we are able to unambiguously observe the structural relaxation time, which increases exponentially with sample age at short times. The yield stress varies logarithmically with time in the arrested state, consistent with recent simulation results, whereas the yield strain is nearly constant in this regime. Strikingly, the frequency dependence at fixed times can be rescaled onto a master curve, implying a simple connection between the aging of the system and the change in the frequency dependent modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Singh Negi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA.
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Kalelkar C, Lele A, Kamble S. Strain-rate frequency superposition in large-amplitude oscillatory shear. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:031401. [PMID: 20365730 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.031401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In a recent work, Wyss [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 238303 (2007)] have noted a property of "soft solids" under oscillatory shear, the so-called strain-rate frequency superposition. We extend this study to the case of soft solids under large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS). We show results from LAOS studies in a monodisperse hydrogel suspension, an aqueous gel, and a biopolymer suspension and show that constant strain-rate frequency sweep measurements with soft solids can be superimposed onto master curves for higher harmonic moduli with the same shift factors as for the linear viscoelastic moduli. We show that the behavior of higher harmonic moduli at low frequencies in constant strain-rate frequency sweep measurements is similar to that at large strain amplitude in strain-amplitude sweep tests. We show surface plots of the harmonic moduli and the energy dissipation rate per unit volume in LAOS for soft solids and show experimentally that the energy dissipated per unit volume depends on the first harmonic loss modulus alone, in both the linear and the nonlinear viscoelastic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Kalelkar
- Complex Fluids and Polymer Engineering Group, Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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9
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Shukla A, Joshi YM. Ageing under oscillatory stress: Role of energy barrier distribution in thixotropic materials. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2009.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shaukat A, Joshi YM, Sharma A. Tensile Deformation and Failure of Thin Films of Aging Laponite Suspension. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie9006326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asima Shaukat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Yogesh M. Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016 India
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Joshi YM. Modeling Dependence of Creep Recovery Behavior on Relaxation Time Distribution of Aging Colloidal Suspensions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie801894z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M. Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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Gibaud T, Barentin C, Manneville S. Influence of boundary conditions on yielding in a soft glassy material. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:258302. [PMID: 19113757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.258302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The yielding behavior of a sheared Laponite suspension is investigated within a 1 mm gap under two different boundary conditions. No-slip conditions, ensured by using rough walls, lead to shear localization as already reported in various soft glassy materials. When apparent wall slip is allowed using a smooth geometry, the sample breaks up into macroscopic solid pieces that get slowly eroded by the surrounding fluidized material up to the point where the whole sample is fluid. Such a drastic effect of boundary conditions on yielding suggests the existence of some macroscopic characteristic length that could be connected to cooperativity effects in jammed materials under shear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gibaud
- Laboratoire de Physique, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5672 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
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Ianni F, Di Leonardo R, Gentilini S, Ruocco G. Shear-banding phenomena and dynamical behavior in a Laponite suspension. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:031406. [PMID: 18517380 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.031406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Shear localization in an aqueous clay suspension of Laponite is investigated through dynamic light scattering, which provides access both to the dynamics of the system (homodyne mode) and to the local velocity profile (heterodyne mode). When shear bands form, a relaxation of the dynamics typical of a gel phase is observed in both bands soon after the flow stops. Periodic oscillations of the flow behavior, typical of a stick-slip phenomenon, are also observed when shear localization occurs. Both results are discussed in the light of various theoretical models for soft glassy gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ianni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185, Roma Italy
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Joshi YM, Reddy GRK. Aging in a colloidal glass in creep flow: time-stress superposition. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:021501. [PMID: 18352028 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.021501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We study the aging behavior of aqueous laponite suspension, a model soft glassy material, in creep. We observe that the viscoelastic behavior is time dependent and is strongly influenced by the deformation field; the effect is known to arise due to aging and rejuvenation. We show that irrespective of the strength of the deformation field (shear stress) and age, when the imposed time scale is normalized with a dominating relaxation mode of the system, universal aging behavior is obtained, demonstrating time-stress superposition, a phenomenon that may be generic in a variety of soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India.
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15
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Joshi YM, Reddy GK, Kulkarni AL, Kumar N, Chhabra RP. Rheological behaviour of aqueous suspensions of laponite: new insights into the ageing phenomena. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2007.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the ageing behaviour of suspensions of laponite with varying salt concentration is investigated using rheological tools. It is observed that ageing is accompanied by an increase in the complex viscosity. The creep experiments performed at various ages show damped oscillations in the strain. The characteristic time scale of the damped oscillations, the retardation time, shows a prominent decrease with increasing age of the system. However, this dependence weakens with an increase in the salt concentration, which is known to change the microstructure of the system from glass like to gel like. We postulate that a decrease in the retardation time can be represented as a decrease in the viscosity (friction) of the dissipative environment surrounding the arrested entities that oppose elastic deformation of the system. We believe that ageing in colloidal glass leads to a greater ordering that enhances relative spacing between the constituents, thereby reducing the frictional resistance. However, since a gel state is inherently different in structure (fractal network) to that of a glass state (disordered), ageing in the gel does not induce ordering. Consequently, we observe an inverse dependence of retardation time on age, which becomes weaker with an increase in the salt concentration. We analyse these results from the perspective of ageing dynamics of both glass and gel states of laponite suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208 016, India
| | - G.Ranjith K Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208 016, India
| | - Ajit L Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208 016, India
| | - Nishant Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208 016, India
| | - Raj P Chhabra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208 016, India
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16
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Ianni F, Di Leonardo R, Gentilini S, Ruocco G. Aging after shear rejuvenation in a soft glassy colloidal suspension: evidence for two different regimes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2007; 75:011408. [PMID: 17358151 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.011408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The aging dynamics after shear rejuvenation in a glassy clay suspension have been investigated through dynamic light scattering (DLS). Two different aging regimes are observed: one is attained if the sample is rejuvenated before its gelation and one after the rejuvenation of the gelled sample. In the first regime, the application of shear fully rejuvenates the sample, as the system dynamics soon after shear cessation follow the same aging evolution characteristic of standard aging. In the second regime, aging proceeds very fast after shear rejuvenation, and classical DLS cannot be used. An original protocol to measure an ensemble-averaged intensity-correlation function is proposed and its consistency with classical DLS is verified. The fast aging dynamics of rejuvenated gelled samples exhibit a power-law dependence of the slow relaxation time on the waiting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ianni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma "La Sapienza," I-00185 Roma, Italy
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