Clustering, chaos, and crisis in a bailout embedding map

Transport, diffusion, and energy studies in the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress map

We study the transport and diffusion properties of passive inertial particles described by a six-dimensional dissipative bailout embedding map. The base map chosen for the study is the three-dimensional incompressible Arnold-Beltrami-Childress (ABC) map chosen as a representation of volume preserving flows. There are two distinct cases: the two-action and the one-action cases, depending on whether two or one of the parameters (A,B,C) exceed 1. The embedded map dynamics is governed by two parameters (α,γ), which quantify the mass density ratio and dissipation, respectively. There are important differences between the aerosol (α<1) and the bubble (α>1) regimes. We have studied the diffusive behavior of the system and constructed the phase diagram in the parameter space by computing the diffusion exponents η. Three classes have been broadly classified-subdiffusive transport (η<1), normal diffusion (η≈1), and superdiffusion (η>1) with η≈2 referred to as the ballistic regime. Correlating the diffusive phase diagram with the phase diagram for dynamical regimes seen earlier, we find that the hyperchaotic bubble regime is largely correlated with normal and superdiffusive behavior. In contrast, in the aerosol regime, ballistic superdiffusion is seen in regions that largely show periodic dynamical behaviors, whereas subdiffusive behavior is seen in both periodic and chaotic regimes. The probability distributions of the diffusion exponents show power-law scaling for both aerosol and bubbles in the superdiffusive regimes. We further study the Poincáre recurrence times statistics of the system. Here, we find that recurrence time distributions show power law regimes due to the existence of partial barriers to transport in the phase space. Moreover, the plot of average particle kinetic energies versus the mass density ratio for the two-action case exhibits a devil's staircase-like structure for higher dissipation values. We explain these results and discuss their implications for realistic systems.

Dynamics of impurities in a three-dimensional volume-preserving map

We study the dynamics of inertial particles in three-dimensional incompressible maps, as representations of volume-preserving flows. The impurity dynamics has been modeled, in the Lagrangian framework, by a six-dimensional dissipative bailout embedding map. The fluid-parcel dynamics of the base map is embedded in the particle dynamics governed by the map. The base map considered for the present study is the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress (ABC) map. We consider the behavior of the system both in the aerosol regime, where the density of the particle is larger than that of the base flow, as well as the bubble regime, where the particle density is less than that of the base flow. The phase spaces in both the regimes show rich and complex dynamics with three types of dynamical behaviors--chaotic structures, regular orbits, and hyperchaotic regions. In the one-action case, the aerosol regime is found to have periodic attractors for certain values of the dissipation and inertia parameters. For the aerosol regime of the two-action ABC map, an attractor merging and widening crisis is identified using the bifurcation diagram and the spectrum of Lyapunov exponents. After the crisis an attractor with two parts is seen, and trajectories hop between these parts with period 2. The bubble regime of the embedded map shows strong hyperchaotic regions as well as crisis induced intermittency with characteristic times between bursts that scale as a power law behavior as a function of the dissipation parameter. Furthermore, we observe a riddled basin of attraction and unstable dimension variability in the phase space in the bubble regime. The bubble regime in the one-action case shows similar behavior. This study of a simple model of impurity dynamics may shed light upon the transport properties of passive scalars in three-dimensional flows. We also compare our results with those seen earlier in two-dimensional flows.

Crisis, unstable dimension variability, and bifurcations in a system with high-dimensional phase space: coupled sine circle maps

The phenomenon of crisis in systems evolving in high-dimensional phase space can show unexpected and interesting features. We study this phenomenon in the context of a system of coupled sine circle maps. We establish that the origins of this crisis lie in a tangent bifurcation in high dimensions, and identify the routes that lead to the crisis. Interestingly, multiple routes to crisis are seen depending on the initial conditions of the system, due to the high dimensionality of the space in which the system evolves. The statistical behavior seen in the phase diagram of the system is also seen to change due to the dynamical phenomenon of crisis, which leads to transitions from nonspreading to spreading behavior across an infection line in the phase diagram. Unstable dimension variability is seen in the neighborhood of the infection line. We characterize this crisis and unstable dimension variability using dynamical characterizers, such as finite-time Lyapunov exponents and their distributions. The phase diagram also contains regimes of spatiotemporal intermittency and spatial intermittency, where the statistical quantities scale as power laws. We discuss the signatures of these regimes in the dynamic characterizers, and correlate them with the statistical characterizers and bifurcation behavior. We find that it is necessary to look at both types of correlators together to build up an accurate picture of the behavior of the system.

Transport and diffusion in the embedding map

We study the transport properties of passive inertial particles in two-dimensional (2D) incompressible flows. Here, the particle dynamics is represented by the four-dimensional dissipative embedding map of the 2D area-preserving standard map which models the incompressible flow. The system is a model for impurity dynamics in a fluid and is characterized by two parameters, the inertia parameter alpha and the dissipation parameter gamma . The aerosol regime, where the particles are denser than the fluid, and the bubble regime, where they are less dense than the fluid, correspond to the parameter regimes alpha>1 and alpha<1 , respectively. Earlier studies of this system show a rich phase diagram with dynamical regimes corresponding to periodic orbits, chaotic structures, and mixed regimes. We obtain the statistical characterizers of transport for this system in these dynamical regimes. These are the recurrence time statistics, the diffusion exponent, and the distribution of jump lengths. The recurrence time distribution shows a power-law tail in the dynamical regimes, where there is preferential concentration of particles in sticky regions of the phase space, and an exponential decay in mixing regimes. The diffusion exponent shows behavior of three types-normal, subdiffusive, and superdiffusive, depending on the parameter regimes. Phase diagrams of the system are constructed to differentiate different types of diffusion behavior, as well as the behavior of the absolute drift. We correlate the dynamical regimes seen for the system at different parameter values with the transport properties observed at these regimes and in the behavior of the transients. This system also shows the existence of a crisis and unstable dimension variability at certain parameter values. The signature of the unstable dimension variability is seen in the statistical characterizers of transport. We discuss the implications of our results for realistic systems.