1
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Reichenauer T, Böckmann M, Ziegler K, Kumar V, Ravoo BJ, Doltsinis NL, Schlücker S. Photoswitching of arylazopyrazoles upon S 1 (nπ*) excitation studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10832-10840. [PMID: 38525498 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00295d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Arylazopyrazoles (AAPs) are an important class of molecular photoswitches with high photostationary states (PSS) and long thermal lifetimes. The ultrafast photoisomerization of four water-soluble arylazopyrazoles, all of them featuring an ortho-dimethylated pyrazole ring, is studied by narrowband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Upon S1 (nπ*) photoexcitation of the planar E-isomers (E-AAPs), excited-state bi-exponential decays with time constants τ1 in the 220-440 fs range and τ2 in the 1.4-1.8 ps range are observed, comparable to those reported for azobenzene (AB). This is indicative of the same photoisomerization mechanism as has been reported for ABs. In contrast to the planar E-AAPs, a twisted E-AAP with two methyl groups in ortho-position of the phenyl ring displays faster initial photoswitching with τ1 = 170 ± 10 fs and τ2 = 1.6 ± 0.1 ps. Our static DFT calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of E-AAPs on the S0 and S1 potential energy surfaces suggest that twisted E-isomer azo photoswitches exhibit faster initial photoisomerization dynamics out of the Franck-Condon region due to a weaker π-coordination of the central CNNC unit to the aromatic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Reichenauer
- Physical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Böckmann
- Institute of Solid-State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Katharina Ziegler
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Universität Münster, 48148 Münster, Germany.
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Physical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Universität Münster, 48148 Münster, Germany.
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute of Solid-State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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2
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Tsuru S, Sharma B, Marx D, Hättig C. Structural Sampling and Solvation Models for the Simulation of Electronic Spectra: Pyrazine as a Case Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2291-2303. [PMID: 36971352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sampling methods on spectral broadening in the gas phase and on the convergence of spectra in aqueous solution when using microsolvation, continuum solvation, and hybrid models is studied using pyrazine as a test case. For the sake of comparing classical Maxwell-Boltzmann and Wigner samplings in the gas phase, static and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectra after photoexcitation to the lowest 1B2u(ππ*) state, as well as the static UV-vis absorption spectrum, are considered. In addition, the UV-vis absorption spectrum of pyrazine in aqueous solution is also computed in order to systematically investigate its convergence with the number of explicitly included solvent shells with and without taking bulk solvation effects into account with the conductor-like screening model to represent implicit water beyond such explicit solute complexes. Concerning the static and time-resolved X-ray absorption spectra of pyrazine at the carbon K-edge as well as its UV-vis absorption spectrum in the gas phase, we find that these spectra obtained with Wigner and Maxwell-Boltzmann samplings substantially agree. For the UV-vis absorption spectrum in the aqueous solution, only the first two energetically low-lying bands converge quickly with the size of the explicitly included solvation shells, either with or without an additional continuum solvation taken into account. In stark contrast, calculations of the higher-lying excitations relying on finite microsolvated clusters without additional continuum solvation severely suffer from unphysical charge-transfer excitations into Rydberg-like orbitals at the cluster/vacuum interface. This finding indicates that computational UV-vis absorption spectra covering sufficiently high-lying states converge only if continuum solvation of the explicitly microsolvated solutes is included in the models.
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3
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Schnack-Petersen AK, Pápai M, Møller KB. Azobenzene photoisomerization dynamics: Revealing the key degrees of freedom and the long timescale of the trans-to-cis process. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Mehrparvar S, Scheller ZN, Wölper C, Haberhauer G. Design of Azobenzene beyond Simple On-Off Behavior. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19856-19864. [PMID: 34793158 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are without a doubt the most widely used light-induced switching units, and there is a plethora of application examples ranging from supramolecular chemistry to material science and biological chemistry. Here, we present a smart azobenzene, in which the photoswitching capability of the azobenzene moiety can be reversibly switched on and off using a second unit (redox switch). This second switching unit is based on the variation of the strength of a chalcogen bond between the azo group and a Te-Ph unit in ortho position to the azo group. This allows the selective switching of only one azobenzene unit in the presence of other azobenzene switches. The entire double-switch is a very simple, small system that can also be easily synthesized. As a result, this double-switch can be used as a smarter replacement for the established azobenzene system in the future. For example, in contrast to the latter this double-switch could be employed to store state information analogous to a flip-flop in digital electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mehrparvar
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Zoe Nonie Scheller
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, D-45117 Essen, Germany
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5
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Tombari RJ, Tuck JR, Yardeny N, Gingrich PW, Tantillo DJ, Olson DE. Calculated oxidation potentials predict reactivity in Baeyer-Mills reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7575-7580. [PMID: 34524347 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Azobenzenes are widely used as dyes and photochromic compounds, with the Baeyer-Mills reaction serving as the most common method for their preparation. This transformation is often plagued by low yields due to the formation of undesired azoxybenzene. Here, we explore electronic effects dictating the formation of the azoxybenzene side-product. Using calculated oxidation potentials, we were able to predict reaction outcomes and improve reaction efficiency simply by modulating the oxidation potential of the arylamine component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Tombari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jeremy R Tuck
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Noah Yardeny
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Phillip W Gingrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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6
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Das D, Yadav MK, Singla L, Kumar A, Karanam M, Dev S, Choudhury AR. Understanding of the Kinetic Stability of
cis‐
Isomer of Azobenzenes through Kinetic and Computational Studies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
| | - Manish K. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
| | - Labhini Singla
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Deptartment of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry Panjab University Chandigarh, UT 160014 India
| | - Maheswararao Karanam
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
| | - Sagarika Dev
- Department of Chemistry MCM DAV College for Women, Sector 36 Chandigarh, Union Territory India. 160036
| | - Angshuman R. Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar 140306 Punjab India
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7
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Gogoi J, Shishodia S, Chowdhury D. Tunable electrical properties of carbon dot doped photo-responsive azobenzene-clay nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37545-37554. [PMID: 35521280 PMCID: PMC9057113 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07386e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of photo-responsive nanocomposite materials is important in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. In this work, we fabricated a carbon dot doped azobenzene–clay nanocomposite which possesses different ac conductivity with and without UV treatment. At first, azobenzene nanoclusters were synthesised and then successfully used to make an azobenzene–clay nanocomposite. It was observed that there is a small change in the ac conductivity of the azobenzene–clay nanocomposite with and without UV treatment. However, this change in ac photoconductivity can be enhanced in the azobenzene–clay nanocomposite by doping with electron-rich cysteine and methionine carbon dots. Hence, ac conductivity properties of the carbon-doped azobenzene–clay nanocomposite can be tuned using UV light. Impedance measurements were determined using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Mechanistic insight into the phenomenon is also discussed in the paper. Thus fabrication of tunable carbon dot doped photo-responsive azobenzene–clay nanocomposites will lead to the use of carbon dot doped azobenzene–clay nanocomposites in photo-switchable optoelectronic devices. We demonstrate successful fabrication of an azobenzene–clay nanocomposite doped with electron-rich cysteine and methionine carbon dots with photo-switchable ac conductivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahnabi Gogoi
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk Guwahati 781035 India +91 361 2279909 +91 361 2912073
| | - Shubham Shishodia
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk Guwahati 781035 India +91 361 2279909 +91 361 2912073
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk Guwahati 781035 India +91 361 2279909 +91 361 2912073
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8
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Slavov C, Yang C, Heindl AH, Wegner HA, Dreuw A, Wachtveitl J. Thiophenylazobenzene: An Alternative Photoisomerization Controlled by Lone-Pair⋅⋅⋅π Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:380-387. [PMID: 31595575 PMCID: PMC6973119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Azoheteroarene photoswitches have attracted attention due to their unique properties. We present the stationary photochromism and ultrafast photoisomerization mechanism of thiophenylazobenzene (TphAB). It demonstrates impressive fatigue resistance and photoisomerization efficiency, and shows favorably separated (E)- and (Z)-isomer absorption bands, allowing for highly selective photoconversion. The (Z)-isomer of TphAB adopts an unusual orthogonal geometry where the thiophenyl group is perfectly perpendicular to the phenyl group. This geometry is stabilized by a rare lone-pair⋅⋅⋅π interaction between the S atom and the phenyl group. The photoisomerization of TphAB occurs on the sub-ps to ps timescale and is governed by this interaction. Therefore, the adoption and disruption of the orthogonal geometry requires significant movement along the inversion reaction coordinates (CNN and NNC angles). Our results establish TphAB as an excellent photoswitch with versatile properties that expand the application possibilities of AB derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Chong Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas H. Heindl
- Institute of Organic ChemistryCenter for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic ChemistryCenter for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
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9
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Slavov C, Yang C, Heindl AH, Wegner HA, Dreuw A, Wachtveitl J. Thiophenylazobenzene: An Alternative Photoisomerization Controlled by Lone‐Pair⋅⋅⋅π Interaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Chong Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas H. Heindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Center for Materials Research (LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
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10
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Zhu JS, Larach JM, Tombari RJ, Gingrich PW, Bode SR, Tuck JR, Warren HT, Son JH, Duim WC, Fettinger JC, Haddadin MJ, Tantillo DJ, Kurth MJ, Olson DE. A Redox Isomerization Strategy for Accessing Modular Azobenzene Photoswitches with Near Quantitative Bidirectional Photoconversion. Org Lett 2019; 21:8765-8770. [PMID: 31638403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitches capable of accessing two geometric states are highly desirable, especially if their design is modular and incorporates a pharmacophore tethering site. We describe a redox isomerization strategy for synthesizing p-formylazobenzenes from p-nitrobenzyl alcohol. The resulting azo-aldehydes can be readily converted to photoswitchable compounds with excellent photophysical properties using simple hydrazide click chemistry. As a proof of principle, we synthesized a photoswitchable surfactant enabling the photocontrol of an emulsion with exceptionally high spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie S Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Julio M Larach
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Robert J Tombari
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Phillip W Gingrich
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Stanley R Bode
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Jeremy R Tuck
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Hunter T Warren
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Jung-Ho Son
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Whitney C Duim
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Makhluf J Haddadin
- Department of Chemistry , American University of Beirut , Beirut 1107 2020 , Lebanon
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Mark J Kurth
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine , University of California, Davis , 2700 Stockton Boulevard, Suite 2102 , Sacramento , California 95817 , United States.,Center for Neuroscience , University of California, Davis , 1544 Newton Court , Davis , California 95618 , United States
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11
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Boumrifak C, Yang C, Bellotto S, Wegner HA, Wachtveitl J, Dreuw A, Slavov C. Isomerization Dynamics of Electronically Coupled but Thermodynamically Decoupled Bisazobenzenes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chokri Boumrifak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt 60438 Germany
| | - Chong Yang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)University of Heidelberg Heidelberg 69120 Germany
| | - Silvia Bellotto
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig University Giessen 35392 Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa)Justus Liebig University Giessen 35392 Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt 60438 Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)University of Heidelberg Heidelberg 69120 Germany
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt 60438 Germany
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12
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Martins GF, Cabral BJC. Electron Propagator Theory Approach to the Electron Binding Energies of a Prototypical Photo-Switch Molecular System: Azobenzene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2091-2099. [PMID: 30779578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electron binding energies for the trans and cis conformers of azobenzene (AB), a prototypical photoswitch, were investigated by electron propagator theory (EPT). The EPT results are compared with data from photoelectron and electron transmission spectroscopies and complemented by the calculation of the differences between vertical and adiabatic ionization energies and electron affinities of the AB conformers. These differences are discussed in terms of the geometry changes associated with the processes of ionization and electron attachment. The results pointed out a major difference between these processes when we compare trans-AB and cis-AB. For trans-AB, electron attachment leads to a small geometry change, whereas for cis-AB, it is the ionized structure that keeps some similarity with the neutral species. We emphasize the interest of the present results for a better understanding of recent experiments on the dark cis-trans isomerization in different environments, specifically for azobenzenes in interaction with gold nanoparticles, where the proposed cis-trans isomerization mechanism relies on electron transfer induced isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F Martins
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI) , Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Benedito J C Cabral
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI) , Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal.,Departamento de Quı́mica e Bioquı́mica , Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa , 1749-016 Lisboa , Portugal
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13
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14
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Tavadze P, Avendaño Franco G, Ren P, Wen X, Li Y, Lewis JP. A Machine-Driven Hunt for Global Reaction Coordinates of Azobenzene Photoisomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:285-290. [PMID: 29235856 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Tavadze
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - Guillermo Avendaño Franco
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - Pengju Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Synfuels China Co.
Ltd., Huairou, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Synfuels China Co.
Ltd., Huairou, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Yongwang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
- Synfuels China Co.
Ltd., Huairou, Beijing 101407, China
| | - James P. Lewis
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
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15
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Pescher MD, van Wilderen LJGW, Grützner S, Slavov C, Wachtveitl J, Hecht S, Bredenbeck J. Ultrafast Light-Driven Substrate Expulsion from the Active Site of a Photoswitchable Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D. Pescher
- Institute for Biophysics; Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | - Susanne Grützner
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Institute for Biophysics; Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität; Frankfurt am Main Germany
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16
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Pescher MD, van Wilderen LJGW, Grützner S, Slavov C, Wachtveitl J, Hecht S, Bredenbeck J. Ultrafast Light-Driven Substrate Expulsion from the Active Site of a Photoswitchable Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12092-12096. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D. Pescher
- Institute for Biophysics; Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | - Susanne Grützner
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität; Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Bredenbeck
- Institute for Biophysics; Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität; Frankfurt am Main Germany
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17
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Hu H, Rey AD. Multi-step modeling of liquid crystals using ab initio molecular packing and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A density functional theory (DFT) based multi-step simulation method is used to characterize the detailed molecular structure and inter/intra- molecular interactions of two benchmark liquid crystals (LC) 5CB, 8CB and a novel tri-biphenyl ring bent core LC material. The method uses hybrid DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G* level to obtain molecular structure and Raman data. These results are fed to a crystal packing simulation to find possible crystal structures. A pico-second quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulation model is built for the selected structures with lower overall energy as well as optimal density. The stabilized crystal structures are then extended into a super cell, heated and simulated using a mixed force field and nano-second molecular dynamics (MD). The described simulation process sequence provides predictions of molecular Raman spectrum, LC density, isotropic depolarization ratio, ratio of differential polarizability, order parameters, molecular structures, and rotating Raman spectrum of the different mesophases. The Raman spectra, order parameters and depolarization ratios all agree well with existing experimental and previous simulation results. The study of the novel tri-biphenyl ring bent core LC system shows that the ratio of differential polarizability depends on intra-molecular interactions. The findings presented in this manuscript contribute to the on-going efforts to establish links between LC molecular structures and their properties, including optical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, H3A 0G4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alejandro D. Rey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, H3A 0G4, Montreal, Canada
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18
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Filipová L, Kohagen M, Štacko P, Muchová E, Slavíček P, Klán P. Photoswitching of Azobenzene-Based Reverse Micelles above and at Subzero Temperatures As Studied by NMR and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2306-2317. [PMID: 28234488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We designed and studied the structure, dynamics, and photochemistry of photoswitchable reverse micelles (RMs) composed of azobenzene-containing ammonium amphiphile 1 and water in chloroform at room and subzero temperatures by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. The NMR and diffusion coefficient analyses showed that micelles containing either the E or Z configuration of 1 are stable at room temperature. Depending on the water-to-surfactant molar ratio, the size of the RMs remains unchanged or is slightly reduced because of the partial loss of water from the micellar cores upon extensive E → Z or Z → E photoisomerization of the azobenzene group in 1. Upon freezing at 253 or 233 K, E-1 RMs partially precipitate from the solution but are redissolved upon warming whereas Z-1 RMs remain fully dissolved at all temperatures. Light-induced isomerization of 1 at low temperatures does not lead to the disintegration of RMs remaining in the solution; however, its scope is influenced by a precipitation process. To obtain a deeper molecular view of RMs, their structure was characterized by MD simulations. It is shown that RMs allow for amphiphile isomerization without causing any immediate significant structural changes in the micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Kohagen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague , Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Eva Muchová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague , Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague , Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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19
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Böckmann M, Doltsinis NL. Towards understanding photomigration: Insights from atomistic simulations of azopolymer films explicitly including light-induced isomerization dynamics. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:154701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Böckmann
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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Titov E, Granucci G, Götze JP, Persico M, Saalfrank P. Dynamics of Azobenzene Dimer Photoisomerization: Electronic and Steric Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3591-3596. [PMID: 27542538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While azobenzenes readily photoswitch in solution, their photoisomerization in densely packed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be suppressed. Reasons for this can be steric hindrance and/or electronic quenching, e.g., by exciton coupling. We address these possibilities by means of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with trajectory surface hopping calculations, investigating the trans → cis isomerization of azobenzene after excitation into the ππ* absorption band. We consider a free monomer, an isolated dimer and a dimer embedded in a SAM-like environment of additional azobenzene molecules, imitating in this way the gradual transition from an unconstrained over an electronically coupled to an electronically coupled and sterically hindered, molecular switch. Our simulations reveal that in comparison to the single molecule the quantum yield of the trans → cis photoisomerization is similar for the isolated dimer, but greatly reduced in the sterically constrained situation. Other implications of dimerization and steric constraints are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Titov
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Giovanni Granucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa , via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jan Philipp Götze
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maurizio Persico
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa , via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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21
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Kingsland A, Samai S, Yan Y, Ginger DS, Maibaum L. Local Density Fluctuations Predict Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of Azobenzene-Modified DNA. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3027-3031. [PMID: 27428569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Azobenzene incorporated into DNA has a photoisomerization quantum yield that depends on the DNA sequence near the azobenzene attachment site. We use Molecular Dynamics computer simulations to elucidate which physical properties of the modified DNA determine the quantum yield. We show for a wide range of DNA sequences that the photoisomerization quantum yield is strongly correlated with the variance of the number of atoms in close proximity to the outer phenyl ring of the azobenzene group. We infer that quantum yield is controlled by the availability of fluctuations that enable the conformational change. We demonstrate that these simulations can be used as a qualitative predictive tool by calculating the quantum yield for several novel DNA sequences, and confirming these predictions using UV-vis spectroscopy. Our results will be useful for the development of a wide range of applications of photoresponsive DNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addie Kingsland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Soumyadyuti Samai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yunqi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Lutz Maibaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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22
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Gao W, Yu L, Zheng X, Lei Y, Zhu C, Han H. Chiral conversion and periodical decay in bridged-azobenzene photoisomerization: an ab initio on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
On-the-fly trajectory surface hopping dynamics simulations on the cis ↔ trans photoisomerization mechanisms of bridged-azobenzene upon S1 excitation at the CASSCF level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Gao
- School of Physics
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
| | - Xiaolei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
| | - Yibo Lei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- Taiwan
| | - Huixian Han
- School of Physics
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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23
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Slavov C, Yang C, Schweighauser L, Boumrifak C, Dreuw A, Wegner HA, Wachtveitl J. Connectivity matters – ultrafast isomerization dynamics of bisazobenzene photoswitches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14795-804. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00603e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the ultrafast dynamics of o-, m- and p-bisazobenzenes, which represent elementary building blocks for photoswitchable multiazobenzene nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavdar Slavov
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Goethe University
- 60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - Chong Yang
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)
- University of Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Luca Schweighauser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen
- 35392 Giessen
- Germany
| | - Chokri Boumrifak
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Goethe University
- 60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)
- University of Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen
- 35392 Giessen
- Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Goethe University
- 60438 Frankfurt am Main
- Germany
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24
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Floß G, Saalfrank P. The Photoinduced E → Z Isomerization of Bisazobenzenes: A Surface Hopping Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:5026-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gereon Floß
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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25
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Predicting photoisomerization profile of the highly polymerized nematic azobenzene liquid crystal network: First principle calculation. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Neukirch AJ, Park J, Zobac V, Wang H, Jelinek P, Prezhdo OV, Zhou HC, Lewis JP. Calculated photo-isomerization efficiencies of functionalized azobenzene derivatives in solar energy materials: azo-functional organic linkers for porous coordinated polymers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:134208. [PMID: 25767112 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/13/134208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we used a local orbital density functional theory code called FIREBALL, to study the photoisomerization process in azobenzene derivatives for solar energy materials. Azobenzene functional groups undergo photoisomerization upon light irradiation or application of heat. Zhou et al (2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 99-102) showed that these azobenzenes can then be introduced into metal-organic frameworks via an organic linker in order to create a reversible switch for CO2 adsorption. In this manuscript, we examined how the addition of organic linkers (isophthalic acid) changes the relaxation times, isomerization mechanism, and quantum yield for both the cis↔trans pathways. We then tuned these properties by substituting functional groups, finding an increase in quantum yield as well as improved optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Neukirch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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27
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Kim MH, Saleem M, Seo JS, Choi CS, Lee KH. The photophysical behavior of the photochromic naphthopyran derivative having photo-switching ability. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt C:1291-1297. [PMID: 25456671 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photophysical behavior of the photochromic naphthopyran derivative 9 with photo-switching ability has been investigated in solution phase as well as in crystalline form. The proposed switching motifs might be a versatile framework in the development of photonic devices whose properties can be toggled between two states on exposure to electromagnetic radiations. The closed form of 9 undergoes reversible transformation upon irradiation with light by changing the molecular structure from ring closed conformation 9 to the ring opened form 10. The compound 9 exhibited first absorption signal at 238nm with shoulder peak at 261nm and second absorption signal at 353nm while on photo-irradiation, the colorless solution of 9 turn to colored and there was ratiometric downfall in the signal intensity for shoulder signal at 261nm as well as second absorption signal at 353nm and ultimately results in the disappearance of these both signal after 20min of irradiations. Meanwhile, the colorimetric change in the reaction solution and considerable shift in the absorption and emission signal intensity as well as position suggest the conformational changes in the molecules from less conjugate conformation 9 to the extended conjugated conformation 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hwan Kim
- Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Yuseong, Daejon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 314-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Seo
- Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, PO Box 107, Yuseong, Daejon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Shik Choi
- Department of Oriental Medicine Fermentation, Far East University, Eumseong, Chungbuk 369-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju, Chungnam 314-701, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Sirbuly DJ, Friddle RW, Villanueva J, Huang Q. Nanomechanical force transducers for biomolecular and intracellular measurements: is there room to shrink and why do it? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:024101. [PMID: 25629797 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/2/024101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past couple of decades there has been a tremendous amount of progress on the development of ultrasensitive nanomechanical instruments, which has enabled scientists to peer for the first time into the mechanical world of biomolecular systems. Currently, work-horse instruments such as the atomic force microscope and optical/magnetic tweezers have provided the resolution necessary to extract quantitative force data from various molecular systems down to the femtonewton range, but it remains difficult to access the intracellular environment with these analytical tools as they have fairly large sizes and complicated feedback systems. This review is focused on highlighting some of the major milestones and discoveries in the field of biomolecular mechanics that have been made possible by the development of advanced atomic force microscope and tweezer techniques as well as on introducing emerging state-of-the-art nanomechanical force transducers that are addressing the size limitations presented by these standard tools. We will first briefly cover the basic setup and operation of these instruments, and then focus heavily on summarizing advances in in vitro force studies at both the molecular and cellular level. The last part of this review will include strategies for shrinking down the size of force transducers and provide insight into why this may be important for gaining a more complete understanding of cellular activity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Sirbuly
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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29
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Guan PJ, Cui G, Fang Q. Computational photochemistry of the azobenzene scaffold of Sudan I and Orange II dyes: excited-state proton transfer and deactivation via conical intersections. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:805-11. [PMID: 25572608 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We employed the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and its multistate second-order perturbation (MS-CASPT2) methods to explore the photochemical mechanism of 2-hydroxyazobenzene, the molecular scaffold of Sudan I and Orange II dyes. It was found that the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) along the bright diabatic (1) ππ* state is barrierless and ultrafast. Along this diabatic (1) ππ* relaxation path, the system can jump to the dark (1) nπ* state via the (1) ππ*/(1) nπ* crossing point. However, ESIPT in this dark state is largely inhibited owing to a sizeable barrier. We also found two deactivation channels that decay (1) ππ* keto and (1) nπ* enol species to the ground state via two energetically accessible S1 /S0 conical intersections. Finally, we encountered an interesting phenomenon in the excited-state hydrogen-bonding strength: it is reinforced in the (1) ππ* state, whereas it is reduced in the (1) nπ* state. The present work sets the stage for understanding the photophysics and photochemistry of Sudan I-IV, Orange II, Ponceau 2R, Ponceau 4R, and azo violet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jie Guan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 (China)
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30
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Rode MF, Sobolewski AL. Effect of chemical substitutions on photo-switching properties of 3-hydroxy-picolinic acid studied by ab initio methods. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:084301. [PMID: 24588163 DOI: 10.1063/1.4865815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of chemical substitutions to the molecular structure of 3-hydroxy-picolinic acid on photo-switching properties of the system operating on excited-state intramolecular double proton transfer (d-ESIPT) process [M. F. Rode and A. L. Sobolewski, Chem. Phys. 409, 41 (2012)] was studied with the aid of electronic structure theory methods. It was shown that simultaneous application of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substitutions at certain positions of the molecular frame increases the height of the S0-state tautomerization barrier (ensuring thermal stability of isomers) and facilitates a barrierless access to the S1/S0 conical intersection from the Franck-Condon region of the S1 potential-energy surface. Results of study point to the conclusion that the most challenging issue for practical design of a fast molecular photoswitch based on d-ESIPT phenomenon are to ensure a selectivity of optical excitation of a given tautomeric form of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał F Rode
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Ebadi H. Tracking of azobenzene isomerization by X-ray emission spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7832-7. [PMID: 25134009 DOI: 10.1021/jp506543d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cis-trans isomerizations are among the fundamental processes in photochemistry. In azobenzene or its derivatives this dynamics is, due to its reversibility, one of the reactions widely used in photostimulation of molecular motors or in molecular electronics. Though intensively investigated in the optical regime, no detailed study exists in the X-ray regime so far. Because the X-ray emission spectroscopy echoes the electronic structure sensitive to the geometry, this theoretical report based on the density functional theory and its time-dependent version presents different nitrogen K-edge X-ray emission spectra for cis and trans isomers with close interrelation to their electron configuration. Considering the spectrum along the isomerization path, these structural signatures can be utilized to probe the isomerization dynamics in the excited molecule. The scheme can further be generalized to the element specific photoreactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ebadi
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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32
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33
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Jankowska J, Rode MF, Sadlej J, Sobolewski AL. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer: photoswitching in salicylidene methylamine derivatives. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:1643-52. [PMID: 24782113 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of chemical substitutions on the photophysical properties of the salicylidene methylamine molecule (SMA) (J. Jankowska, M. F. Rode, J. Sadlej, A. L. Sobolewski, ChemPhysChem, 2012, 13, 4287-4294) is studied with the aid of ab initio electronic structure methods. It is shown that combining π-electron-donating and π-electron-withdrawing substituents results in an electron-density push-and-pull effect on the energetic landscape of the ground and the lowest excited ππ* and nπ* singlet states of the system. The presented search for the most appropriate SMA derivatives with respect to their photoswitching functionality offers an efficient prescreening tool for finding chemical structures before real synthetic realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jankowska
- College of Interfaculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw (Poland); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw (Poland), Fax: (+48) 22 822 59 96
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34
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Gámez JA, Koslowski A, Thiel W. Enhanced E → Z photoisomerisation in 2-aminoazobenzene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45376f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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36
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Neukirch AJ, Shamberger LC, Abad E, Haycock BJ, Wang H, Ortega J, Prezhdo OV, Lewis JP. Nonadiabatic Ensemble Simulations of cis-Stilbene and cis-Azobenzene Photoisomerization. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 10:14-23. [PMID: 26579888 DOI: 10.1021/ct4009816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Neukirch
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - Logan C. Shamberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - Enrique Abad
- Computational Biochemistry Group, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Barry J. Haycock
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
| | - José Ortega
- Departmento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Conensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - James P. Lewis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6315, United States
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37
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Li Y, Hartke B. Approximate photochemical dynamics of azobenzene with reactive force fields. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:224303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4837237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Böckmann M, Braun S, Doltsinis NL, Marx D. Mimicking photoisomerisation of azo-materials by a force field switch derived from nonadiabatic ab initio simulations: Application to photoswitchable helical foldamers in solution. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:084108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Mitra P, Banerjee M, Biswas S, Basu S. Protein interactions of Merocyanine 540: Spectroscopic and crystallographic studies with lysozyme as a model protein. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 121:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Harabuchi Y, Ishii M, Nakayama A, Noro T, Taketsugu T. A multireference perturbation study of the NN stretching frequency of trans-azobenzene in nπ* excitation and an implication for the photoisomerization mechanism. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:064305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4790611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Gámez JA, Weingart O, Koslowski A, Thiel W. Periodic decay in the photoisomerisation of p-aminoazobenzene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11814-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Böckmann M, Doltsinis NL, Marx D. Enhanced photoswitching of bridged azobenzene studied by nonadiabatic ab initio simulation. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:22A505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4733673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Gao AH, Li B, Zhang PY, Han KL. Nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics of photoisomerization in bridged azobenzene. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4767459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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44
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Ribas-Arino J, Marx D. Covalent mechanochemistry: theoretical concepts and computational tools with applications to molecular nanomechanics. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5412-87. [PMID: 22909336 DOI: 10.1021/cr200399q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ribas-Arino
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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45
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Gámez JA, Weingart O, Koslowski A, Thiel W. Cooperating Dinitrogen and Phenyl Rotations in trans-Azobenzene Photoisomerization. J Chem Theory Comput 2012; 8:2352-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300303s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. Gámez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1,
45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Oliver Weingart
- Institut für Theoretische
Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225
Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Koslowski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1,
45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1,
45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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46
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Braun S, Böckmann M, Marx D. Unfolding a Photoswitchable Azo-Foldamer Reveals a Non-Covalent Reaction Mechanism. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1440-3. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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47
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Cantatore V, Granucci G, Persico M. Stochastic model for photoinduced anisotropy. J Comput Chem 2012; 33:1015-22. [PMID: 22331839 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a stochastic model for the kinetics of photoinduced anisotropy in a sample of molecular chromophores that may undergo photoisomerization. It is assumed that the chromophores do not interact among them, but are embedded in a medium that slows down the rotational diffusion. The model makes use of data about the photoinduced reorientation of the single chromophore, its photoisomerization and its rotational diffusion, that are made available by molecular dynamics simulations. For the first time such molecular scale processes are computationally connected to the development of anisotropy in a large sample and on a long time scale. A test on azobenzene shows the potentiality of the method and the interplay between photoinduced anisotropy and photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cantatore
- Dipartimento diChimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, v.Risorgimento 35, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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48
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Cusati T, Granucci G, Martínez-Núñez E, Martini F, Persico M, Vázquez S. Semiempirical Hamiltonian for simulation of azobenzene photochemistry. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:98-110. [PMID: 22107348 DOI: 10.1021/jp208574q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a semiempirical Hamiltonian that provides an accurate description of the first singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces of azobenzene for use in direct simulations of the excited-state dynamics. The parameterization made use of spectroscopic and thermochemical data and the best ab initio results available to date. Two-dimensional potential energy surfaces based on constrained geometry optimizations are presented for the states that are most relevant for the photochemistry of azobenzene, namely, S(0), S(1), and S(2). In order to run simulations of the photodynamics of azobenzene in hydrocarbons or hydroxylic solvents, we determined the interactions of methane and methanol with the azo group by ab initio calculations and fitted the interactions with a QM/MM interaction Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cusati
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, v. Risorgimento 35, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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49
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Maurer RJ, Reuter K. Assessing computationally efficient isomerization dynamics: ΔSCF density-functional theory study of azobenzene molecular switching. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:224303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3664305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Tapavicza E, Meyer AM, Furche F. Unravelling the details of vitamin D photosynthesis by non-adiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20986-98. [PMID: 22020179 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21292c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the photodynamics of vitamin D derivatives by a fully analytical implementation of the linear response time-dependent density functional theory surface hopping method (LR-TDDFT-SH). Our study elucidates the dynamics of the processes involved in vitamin D formation at the molecular level and with femtosecond resolution. We explain the major experimental findings and provide new insights that cannot directly be obtained from experiments: firstly, we investigate the dynamics of the photoinduced ring-opening of provitamin D (Pro) and cyclohexadiene (CHD) and the subsequent rotational isomerization. In agreement with recent experiments and CC2 calculations, only the bright S(1) state is involved in the ring-opening reaction. Our calculations confirm the experimentally reported 5 : 1 ratio between the excited state lifetimes of Pro and CHD. The longer lifetimes of Pro are attributed to steric constraints of the steroid skeleton and to temperature effects, both emerging directly from our simulations. For CHD and Pro, we present an explanation of the biexponential decay recently reported by Sension and coworkers [Tang et al., J. Phys. Chem., 2011, 134, 104503]: our calculations suggest that the fast and slow components arise from a reactive and an unreactive reaction pathway, respectively. Secondly, we assess the wavelength dependent photochemistry of previtamin D (Pre). Using replica exchange molecular dynamics we sample the Pre conformers present at thermal equilibrium. Based on this ensemble we explain the conformation dependent absorption and the essential features of Pre photochemistry. Consistent with the experiments, we find ring-closure to occur mostly after excitation of the cZc conformers and at lower energies, whereas Z/E isomerization of the central double bond preferably occurs after excitation at higher energies. For the isomerization we provide the first theoretical evidence of the proposed hula-twist mechanism. Our results show that LR-TDDFT-SH is a highly valuable tool for studying the photochemistry of moderately large systems, even though challenges remain in the vicinity of conical intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Tapavicza
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA.
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