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Sadler JD, Walsh CA, Li H. Symmetric Set of Transport Coefficients for Collisional Magnetized Plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:075001. [PMID: 33666444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Braginskii extended magnetohydrodynamics is used to model transport in collisional astrophysical and high energy density plasmas. We show that commonly used approximations to the α_{⊥} and β_{⊥} transport coefficients [e.g., Epperlein and Haines, Phys. Fluids 29, 1029 (1986)PFLDAS0031-917110.1063/1.865901] have a subtle inaccuracy that causes significant artificial magnetic dissipation and discontinuities. This is because magnetic transport actually relies on β_{∥}-β_{⊥} and α_{⊥}-α_{∥}, rather than α_{⊥} and β_{⊥} themselves. We provide fit functions that rectify this problem and thus resolve the discrepancies with kinetic simulations in the literature. When implemented in the gorgon code, they reduce the predicted density asymmetry amplitude at laser ablation fronts. Recognizing the importance of α_{⊥}-α_{∥} and β_{∥}-β_{⊥}, we recast the set of coefficients. This makes explicit the symmetry of the magnetic and thermal transport, as well as the symmetry of the coefficients themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Sadler
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | | | - Hui Li
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Malko S, Vaisseau X, Perez F, Batani D, Curcio A, Ehret M, Honrubia J, Jakubowska K, Morace A, Santos JJ, Volpe L. Enhanced relativistic-electron beam collimation using two consecutive laser pulses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14061. [PMID: 31575932 PMCID: PMC6773764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The double laser pulse approach to relativistic electron beam (REB) collimation in solid targets has been investigated at the LULI-ELFIE facility. In this scheme two collinear laser pulses are focused onto a solid target with a given intensity ratio and time delay to generate REBs. The magnetic field generated by the first laser-driven REB is used to guide the REB generated by a second delayed laser pulse. We show how electron beam collimation can be controlled by properly adjusting the ratio of focus size and the delay time between the two pulses. We found that the maximum of electron beam collimation is clearly dependent on the laser focal spot size ratio and related to the magnetic field dynamics. Cu-Kα and CTR imaging diagnostics were implemented to evaluate the collimation effects on the respectively low energy (≤100 keV) and high energy (≥MeV) components of the REB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Malko
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain. .,University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Xavier Vaisseau
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Frederic Perez
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UMR 7605, F-91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Dimitri Batani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | | | - Michael Ehret
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France.,Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstrasse 9, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Javier Honrubia
- ETSI Aeronáuticos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Jakubowska
- Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessio Morace
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - João Jorge Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Luca Volpe
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados (CLPU), Parque Cientifico, E-37185, Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.,Laser-Plasma Chair at the University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Volpe L, Feugeas JL, Nicolai P, Santos JJ, Touati M, Breil J, Batani D, Tikhonchuk V. Controlling the fast electron divergence in a solid target with multiple laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:063108. [PMID: 25615206 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.063108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the divergence of laser-driven fast electrons is compulsory to meet the ignition requirements in the fast ignition inertial fusion scheme. It was shown recently that using two consecutive laser pulses one can improve the electron-beam collimation. In this paper we propose an extension of this method by using a sequence of several laser pulses with a gradually increasing intensity. Profiling the laser-pulse intensity opens a possibility to transfer to the electron beam a larger energy while keeping its divergence under control. We present numerical simulations performed with a radiation hydrodynamic code coupled to a reduced kinetic module. Simulation with a sequence of three laser pulses shows that the proposed method allows one to improve the efficiency of the double pulse scheme at least by a factor of 2. This promises to provide an efficient energy transport in a dense matter by a collimated beam of fast electrons, which is relevant for many applications such as ion-beam sources and could present also an interest for fast ignition inertial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Volpe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France and ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Nkft, Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - J-L Feugeas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Ph Nicolai
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J J Santos
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Touati
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J Breil
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
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Nicolaï P, Feugeas JL, Touati M, Ribeyre X, Gus'kov S, Tikhonchuk V. Deleterious effects of nonthermal electrons in shock ignition concept. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:033107. [PMID: 24730956 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.033107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Shock ignition concept is a promising approach to inertial confinement fusion that may allow obtaining high fusion energy gains with the existing laser technology. However, the spike driving laser intensities in the range of 1-10 PW/cm2 produces the energetic electrons that may have a significant effect on the target performance. The hybrid numerical simulations including a radiation hydrodynamic code coupled to a rapid Fokker-Planck module are used to asses the role of hot electrons in the shock generation and the target preheat in the time scale of 100 ps and spatial scale of 100 μm. It is shown that depending on the electron energy distribution and the target density profile the hot electrons can either increase the shock amplitude or preheat the imploding shell. In particular, the exponential electron energy spectrum corresponding to the temperature of 30 keV in the present HiPER target design preheats the deuterium-tritium shell and jeopardizes its compression. Ways of improving the target performance are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Nicolaï
- Université Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Laser Intense et Applications, UMR5107, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - J-L Feugeas
- Université Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Laser Intense et Applications, UMR5107, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - M Touati
- Université Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Laser Intense et Applications, UMR5107, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - X Ribeyre
- Université Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Laser Intense et Applications, UMR5107, 33405 Talence cedex, France
| | - S Gus'kov
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - V Tikhonchuk
- Université Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Laser Intense et Applications, UMR5107, 33405 Talence cedex, France
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Strozzi D, Tabak M, Larson D, Marinak M, Key M, Divol L, Kemp A, Bellei C, Shay H. Cone-guided fast ignition with noimposed magnetic fields. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20135903012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gus'kov S, Ribeyre X, Touati M, Feugeas JL, Nicolaï P, Tikhonchuk V. Ablation pressure driven by an energetic electron beam in a dense plasma. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:255004. [PMID: 23368476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.255004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An intense beam of high energy electrons may create extremely high pressures in solid density materials. An analytical model of ablation pressure formation and shock wave propagation driven by an energetic electron beam is developed and confirmed with numerical simulations. In application to the shock-ignition approach in inertial confinement fusion, the energy transfer by fast electrons may be a dominant mechanism of creation of the igniting shock wave. An electron beam with an energy of 30 keV and energy flux 2-5 PW/cm(2) can create a pressure amplitude more than 300 Mbar for a duration of 200-300 ps in a precompressed solid material.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gus'kov
- PN Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Leninskii Prospect 53, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Scott RHH, Beaucourt C, Schlenvoigt HP, Markey K, Lancaster KL, Ridgers CP, Brenner CM, Pasley J, Gray RJ, Musgrave IO, Robinson APL, Li K, Notley MM, Davies JR, Baton SD, Santos JJ, Feugeas JL, Nicolaï P, Malka G, Tikhonchuk VT, McKenna P, Neely D, Rose SJ, Norreys PA. Controlling fast-electron-beam divergence using two laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:015001. [PMID: 23031109 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This Letter describes the first experimental demonstration of the guiding of a relativistic electron beam in a solid target using two colinear, relativistically intense, picosecond laser pulses. The first pulse creates a magnetic field that guides the higher-current, fast-electron beam generated by the second pulse. The effects of intensity ratio, delay, total energy, and intrinsic prepulse are examined. Thermal and Kα imaging show reduced emission size, increased peak emission, and increased total emission at delays of 4-6 ps, an intensity ratio of 10∶1 (second:first) and a total energy of 186 J. In comparison to a single, high-contrast shot, the inferred fast-electron divergence is reduced by 2.7 times, while the fast-electron current density is increased by a factor of 1.8. The enhancements are reproduced with modeling and are shown to be due to the self-generation of magnetic fields. Such a scheme could be of considerable benefit to fast-ignition inertial fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H H Scott
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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