1
|
Crothers AR, Kusoglu A, Radke CJ, Weber AZ. Influence of Mesoscale Interactions on Proton, Water, and Electrokinetic Transport in Solvent-Filled Membranes: Theory and Simulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10362-10374. [PMID: 35969508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transport of protons and water through water-filled, phase-separated cation-exchange membranes occurs through a network of interconnected nanoscale hydrophilic aqueous domains. This paper uses numerical simulations and theory to explore the role of the mesoscale network on water, proton, and electrokinetic transport in perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes, pertinent to electrochemical energy-conversion devices. Concentrated-solution theory describes microscale transport. Network simulations model mesoscale effects and ascertain macroscopic properties. An experimentally consistent 3D Voronoi-network topology characterizes the interconnected channels in the membrane. Measured water, proton, and electrokinetic transport properties from literature validate calculations of macroscopic properties from network simulations and from effective-medium theory. The results demonstrate that the hydrophilic domain size affects the various microscale, domain-level transport modes dissimilarly, resulting in different distributions of microscale coefficients for each mode of transport. As a result, the network mediates the transport of species nonuniformly with dissimilar calculated tortuosities for water, proton, and electrokinetic transport coefficients (i.e., 4.7, 3.0, and 6.1, respectively, at a water content of 8 H2O molecules per polymer charge equivalent). The dominant water-transport pathways across the membrane are different than those taken by the proton cation. Finally, the distribution of transport properties across the network induces local electrokinetic flows that couple water and proton transport; specifically, local electrokinetic transport induces water chemical-potential gradients that decrease macroscopic conductivity by up to a factor of 3. Macroscopic proton, water, and electrokinetic transport coefficients depend on the collective microscale transport properties of all modes of transport and their distribution across the hydrophilic domain network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Crothers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Clayton J Radke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeanmairet G, Rotenberg B, Salanne M. Microscopic Simulations of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10860-10898. [PMID: 35389636 PMCID: PMC9227719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Electrochemical double-layer
capacitors (EDLCs) are devices allowing
the storage or production of electricity. They function through the
adsorption of ions from an electrolyte on high-surface-area electrodes
and are characterized by short charging/discharging times and long
cycle-life compared to batteries. Microscopic simulations are now
widely used to characterize the structural, dynamical, and adsorption
properties of these devices, complementing electrochemical experiments
and in situ spectroscopic analyses. In this review,
we discuss the main families of simulation methods that have been
developed and their application to the main family of EDLCs, which
include nanoporous carbon electrodes. We focus on the adsorption of
organic ions for electricity storage applications as well as aqueous
systems in the context of blue energy harvesting and desalination.
We finally provide perspectives for further improvement of the predictive
power of simulations, in particular for future devices with complex
electrode compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jeanmairet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Benjamin Rotenberg
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Électrochimique de l'Énergie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039 Amiens, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nonuniform Collective Dissolution of Bubbles in Regular Pore Networks. Transp Porous Media 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-021-01740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUnderstanding the evolution of solute concentration gradients underpins the prediction of porous media processes limited by mass transfer. Here, we present the development of a mathematical model that describes the dissolution of spherical bubbles in two-dimensional regular pore networks. The model is solved numerically for lattices with up to 169 bubbles by evaluating the role of pore network connectivity, vacant lattice sites and the initial bubble size distribution. In dense lattices, diffusive shielding prolongs the average dissolution time of the lattice, and the strength of the phenomenon depends on the network connectivity. The extension of the final dissolution time relative to the unbounded (bulk) case follows the power-law function, $${B^k/\ell }$$
B
k
/
ℓ
, where the constant $$\ell$$
ℓ
is the inter-bubble spacing, B is the number of bubbles, and the exponent k depends on the network connectivity. The solute concentration field is both the consequence and a factor affecting bubble dissolution or growth. The geometry of the pore network perturbs the inward propagation of the dissolution front and can generate vacant sites within the bubble lattice. This effect is enhanced by increasing the lattice size and decreasing the network connectivity, yielding strongly nonuniform solute concentration fields. Sparse bubble lattices experience decreased collective effects, but they feature a more complex evolution, because the solute concentration field is nonuniform from the outset.
Collapse
|
4
|
Berg P, Nadon P. Random pore-network model for polymer electrolyte membranes. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:5907-5920. [PMID: 34038499 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02212h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A random pore-network model for polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) is presented that couples the flow of protons and water through cylindrical channels to the swelling of the membrane. While the flows are determined by closed-form solutions of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Stokes equations, the fluid-structure interaction is described by a pressure balance at the channel walls. Macroscopic membrane properties, such as the conductivity, permeability and electro-osmotic coefficient, are computed and compared to experimental data in the literature. In light of the model simplifications, the results compare favourably to data but they also point to the importance of describing proton diffusion in PEM nanopores accurately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Berg
- Theoretical Physics Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim WK, Chudoba R, Milster S, Roa R, Kanduč M, Dzubiella J. Tuning the selective permeability of polydisperse polymer networks. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8144-8154. [PMID: 32935731 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the permeability and selectivity ('permselectivity') of model membranes made of polydisperse polymer networks for molecular penetrant transport, using coarse-grained, implicit-solvent computer simulations. In our work, permeability P is determined on the linear-response level using the solution-diffusion model, P = KDin, i.e., by calculating the equilibrium penetrant partition ratio K and penetrant diffusivity Din inside the membrane. We vary two key parameters, namely the network-network interaction, which controls the degree of swelling and collapse of the network, and the network-penetrant interaction, which tunes the selective penetrant uptake and microscopic energy landscape for diffusive transport. We find that the partitioning K covers four orders of magnitude and is a non-monotonic function of the parameters, well interpreted by a second-order virial expansion of the free energy of transferring one penetrant from a reservoir into the membrane. Moreover, we find that the penetrant diffusivity Din in the polydisperse networks, in contrast to highly ordered membrane structures, exhibits relatively simple exponential decays. We propose a semi-empirical scaling law for the penetrant diffusion that describes the simulation data for a wide range of densities and interaction parameters. The resulting permeability P turns out to follow the qualitative behavior (including maximization and minimization) of partitioning. However, partitioning and diffusion are typically anti-correlated, yielding large quantitative cancellations, controlled and fine-tuned by the network density and interactions, as rationalized by our scaling laws. We finally demonstrate that even small changes of network-penetrant interactions, e.g., by half a kBT, modify the permselectivity by almost one order of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyu Kim
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea.
| | - Richard Chudoba
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany and Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Milster
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany and Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Rafael Roa
- Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Matej Kanduč
- JoŽef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany and Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. and Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Godinez-Brizuela OE, Niasar VJ. Simultaneous pressure and electro-osmosis driven flow in charged porous media: Pore-scale effects on mixing and dispersion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 561:162-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Lian C, Janssen M, Liu H, van Roij R. Blessing and Curse: How a Supercapacitor's Large Capacitance Causes its Slow Charging. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:076001. [PMID: 32142339 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.076001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel electrolytes and electrodes for supercapacitors is hindered by a gap of several orders of magnitude between experimentally measured and theoretically predicted charging time scales. Here, we propose an electrode model, containing many parallel stacked electrodes, that explains the slow charging dynamics of supercapacitors. At low applied potentials, the charging behavior of this model is described well by an equivalent circuit model. Conversely, at high potentials, charging dynamics slow down and evolve on two relaxation time scales: a generalized RC time and a diffusion time, which, interestingly, become similar for porous electrodes. The charging behavior of the stack-electrode model presented here helps to understand the charging dynamics of porous electrodes and qualitatively agrees with experimental time scales measured with porous electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs Janssen
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstraße 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik IV, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - René van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim WK, Kanduč M, Roa R, Dzubiella J. Tuning the Permeability of Dense Membranes by Shaping Nanoscale Potentials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:108001. [PMID: 30932643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Permeability is one of the most fundamental transport properties in soft matter physics, material engineering, and nanofluidics. Here, we report by means of Langevin simulations of ideal penetrants in a nanoscale membrane made of a fixed lattice of attractive interaction sites, how the permeability can be massively tuned, even minimized or maximized, by tailoring the potential energy landscape for the diffusing penetrants, depending on the membrane attraction, topology, and density. Supported by limiting scaling theories we demonstrate that the observed nonmonotonic behavior and the occurrence of extreme values of the permeability is far from trivial and triggered by a strong anticorrelation and substantial (orders of magnitude) cancellation between penetrant partitioning and diffusivity, especially within dense and highly attractive membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyu Kim
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matej Kanduč
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rafael Roa
- Física Aplicada I, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Research Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
- Applied Theoretical Physics-Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reverse electrodialysis through nanochannels with inhomogeneously charged surfaces and overlapped electric double layers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 529:214-223. [PMID: 29894940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Modeling of electro-chemo-mechanical transport phenomena in simple (nanochannel) or complex (nanoporous media) geometries with inhomogeneous surface charge and overlapped electric double layers remains challenging. This bottleneck originates from lack of a comprehensive model to predict the local surface charge density based on the variable local solution properties. This work aims to propose a model, so-called representative bulk layer (RBL), which makes the chemically non-isolated solid-liquid interfaces (due to the electric double layers interaction) as isolated interfaces by introducing a local effective bulk ion concentration. Using RBL together with the electrical triple layer model to provide boundary conditions for the multi-physio-chemical transport equations (PNP + NS), we investigate the reverse electrodialysis (RED) in nanochannels. Our modeling results indicate that the length of an ion-selective membrane not only influences the ionic current but also the logarithm of the slope of current-voltage curve increases linearly with the ratio of nanochannel length to height. This interesting finding inspires us to propose a dimensionless relation for the current-voltage curve that is independent of the nanochannel dimensions. The present contribution numerical framework could shed light on the electro-chemo-mechanical transport mechanism through nanofluidic devices and membranes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Obliger A, Ulm FJ, Pellenq R. Impact of Nanoporosity on Hydrocarbon Transport in Shales' Organic Matter. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:832-837. [PMID: 29337576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a context of growing attention for shale gas, the precise impact of organic matter (kerogen) on hydrocarbon recovery from unconventional reservoirs still has to be assessed. Kerogen's microstructure is characterized by a very disordered pore network that greatly affects hydrocarbon transport. The specific structure and texture of this organic matter at the nanoscale is highly dependent on its origin. In this study, by the use of statistical physics and molecular dynamics, we shed some new lights on hydrocarbon transport through realistic molecular models of kerogen at different level of maturity [ Bousige et al. Nat. Mater. 2016 , 15 , 576 ]. Despite the apparent complexity, severe confinement effects controlled by the porosity of the various kerogens allow linear alkanes (from methane to dodecane) transport to be studied only via the self-diffusion coefficients of the species. The decrease of the transport coefficients with the amount of adsorbed fluid can be described by a free volume theory. Ultimately, the transport coefficients of hydrocarbons can be expressed simply as a function of the porosity (volume fraction of void) of the microstructure, thus paving the way for shale gas recovery predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Obliger
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment (MSE2), The joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Franz-Josef Ulm
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment (MSE2), The joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Roland Pellenq
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment (MSE2), The joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- CINaM-Aix Marseille Université-CNRS , Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Yang Y, Wang M. Upscaling scheme for long-term ion diffusion in charged porous media. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:023308. [PMID: 28950467 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.023308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Description of long-term (over years) ion diffusion at the pore scale is a huge challenge since the characteristic time of diffusion in a typical representative elementary volume is around microseconds, generally ten orders of magnitude lower than the time we were concerned with. This paper presents a numerical upscaling scheme for ion diffusion with electrical double-layer effects (electrodiffusion) considered in charged porous media. After a scaling analysis for the nondimensional governing equations of ion transport at the pore scale, we identify the conditions for decoupling of electrical effect and diffusion, and therefore are able to choose apposite temporal and spatial scales for corresponding directions of the electrodiffusion process. The upscaling scheme is therefore proposed based on a numerical framework for governing equations using a lattice Boltzmann method. The electrical potential or concentration profiles from steady- or unsteady-state electrodiffusion in the long, straight channel, calculated by this upscaling scheme, are compared with the well-meshed full-sized simulations with good agreement. Furthermore, this scheme is used to predict tracer-ion throughdiffusion and outdiffusion in hardened cement pastes. All numerical results show good agreement with the full-sized simulations or experiment data without any fitting parameters. This upscaling scheme bridges the ion diffusion behaviors in different time scales, and may help to improve the understanding of long-term ion transport mechanisms in charged porous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and CNMM, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Moran Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and CNMM, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alizadeh S, Mani A. Multiscale Model for Electrokinetic Transport in Networks of Pores, Part I: Model Derivation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6205-6219. [PMID: 28498669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present an efficient and robust numerical model for the simulation of electrokinetic phenomena in porous media and microstructure networks considering a wide range of applications including energy conversion, deionization, and microfluidic-based lab-on-a-chip systems. Coupling between fluid flow and ion transport in these networks is governed by the Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Stokes equations. These equations describe a wide range of phenomena that can interact in a complex fashion when coupled in networks involving multiple pores with variable properties. Capturing these phenomena by direct simulation of the governing equations in multidimensions is prohibitively expensive. We present here a reduced-order model that treats a network of many pores via solutions to 1D equations. Assuming that each pore in the network is long and thin, we derive a 1D model describing the transport in the pore's longitudinal direction. We take into account the cross-sectional nonuniformity of potential and ion concentration fields in the form of area-averaged coefficients in different flux terms representing fluid flow, electric current, and ion fluxes. These coefficients are obtained from the solutions to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and are tabulated against dimensionless surface charge and dimensionless thickness of the electric double layer (EDL). Although similar models have been attempted in the past, distinct advantages of the present framework include a fully conservative discretization with zero numerical leakage, fully bounded area-averaged coefficients without any singularity in the limit of infinitely thick EDLs, a flux discretization that exactly preserves equilibrium conditions, and extension to a general network of pores with multiple intersections. In part II of this two-article series, we present a numerical implementation of this model and demonstrate its applications in predicting a wide range of electrokinetic phenomena in microstructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Alizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flow Physics and Computational Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ali Mani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flow Physics and Computational Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuron M, Rempfer G, Schornbaum F, Bauer M, Godenschwager C, Holm C, de Graaf J. Moving charged particles in lattice Boltzmann-based electrokinetics. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:214102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4968596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kuron
- Institut für Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg Rempfer
- Institut für Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Florian Schornbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Systemsimulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Systemsimulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Godenschwager
- Lehrstuhl für Systemsimulation, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Holm
- Institut für Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joost de Graaf
- Institut für Computerphysik, Universität Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sulfonated poly(arylene thioether sulfone) cation exchange membranes with improved permselectivity/ion conductivity trade-off. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Obliger A, Pellenq R, Ulm FJ, Coasne B. Free Volume Theory of Hydrocarbon Mixture Transport in Nanoporous Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3712-3717. [PMID: 27570884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent focus on shale gas, hydrocarbon recovery from the ultraconfining and disordered porosity of organic matter in shales (kerogen) remains poorly understood. Key aspects such as the breakdown of hydrodynamics at the nanoscale and strong adsorption effects lead to unexplained non-Darcy behaviors. Here, molecular dynamics and statistical mechanics are used to elucidate hydrocarbon mixture transport through a realistic molecular model of kerogen [ Bousige, C.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2016 , 15 , 576 ]. Owing to strong adsorption effects, velocity cross-correlations between the mixture components and between molecules of the same species are shown to be negligible. This allows estimation of each component permeance from its self-diffusivity, which can be obtained from single-component data. These permeances are found to scale with the reciprocal of the alkane length and decrease with the number of adsorbed molecules following a simple free volume theory, therefore allowing mixture transport prediction as a function of the amount of trapped fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Obliger
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment (MSE2), The Joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Roland Pellenq
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment (MSE2), The Joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- CINaM-Aix Marseille Université-CNRS , Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Franz-Josef Ulm
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment (MSE2), The Joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benoit Coasne
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment (MSE2), The Joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5588 , 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang L, Wang M. Electro-osmosis in inhomogeneously charged microporous media by pore-scale modeling. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 486:219-231. [PMID: 27716462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface charge at solid-electrolyte interface is generally coupled with the local electrolyte properties (ionic concentration, pH, etc.), and therefore not as assumed homogeneous on the solid surfaces in the previous studies. The inhomogeneous charge brings huge challenges in predictions of electro-osmotic transport and has never been well studied. In this work, we first propose a classification of electro-osmosis based on a dimensionless number which is the ratio of the Debye length to the characteristic pore size. In the limit of thin electrical double layer, we establish a pore-scale numerical model for inhomogeneously charged electro-osmosis including four ions: Na+,Cl-,H+ and OH-. Based on reconstructed porous media, we simulate the electro-osmosis with inhomogeneous charge using lattice Boltzmann method. The nonlinear response of electro-osmotic velocity to applied electrical field and the reverse flow have been observed and analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and CNMM, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Moran Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and CNMM, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Catalano J, Hamelers HVM, Bentien A, Biesheuvel PM. Revisiting Morrison and Osterle 1965: the efficiency of membrane-based electrokinetic energy conversion. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:324001. [PMID: 27321823 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/32/324001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We revisit Morrison and Osterle (1965) who derived a phenomenological expression for the 'figure-of-merit' [Formula: see text] of the electrokinetic energy conversion (EKEC) of a pressure difference into electric energy (and vice versa) using charged nanotubes, nanopores or ion-exchange membranes. We show the equivalence with Morrison and Osterle of a novel expression of [Formula: see text] derived by Bentien et al (2013). We analyze two physical models for ionic and solvent flow which directly relate [Formula: see text] to nanopore characteristics such as pore size and wall charge density. For the uniform potential model, we derive an analytical expression as a function of pore size, viscosity, ion diffusion coefficients and membrane charge density, and compare results with the full space-charge model by Osterle and co-workers as a function of pore size and ion diffusion coefficient. We present a novel expression for [Formula: see text] for salt solutions with ions with unequal diffusion coefficients (mobilities) and show that to increase [Formula: see text] the counterion mobility must be low and the coion mobility high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Catalano
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Hangøvej 2, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Luo K, Wu J, Yi HL, Tan HP. Lattice Boltzmann model for Coulomb-driven flows in dielectric liquids. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:023309. [PMID: 26986441 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.023309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we developed a unified lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) to simulate electroconvection in a dielectric liquid induced by unipolar charge injection. Instead of solving the complex set of coupled Navier-Stokes equations, the charge conservation equation, and the Poisson equation of electric potential, three consistent lattice Boltzmann equations are formulated. Numerical results are presented for both strong and weak injection regimes, and different scenarios for the onset and evolution of instability, bifurcation, and chaos are tracked. All LBM results are found to be highly consistent with the analytical solutions and other numerical work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Luo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- GeoRessources Laboratory, Université de Lorraine (ENSG), CNRS, CREGU, F-54501, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Hong-Liang Yi
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Ping Tan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
This review presents the state-of-the-art of multiscale adsorption and transport in hierarchical porous materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Coasne
- Université Grenoble Alpes
- LIPHY
- F-38000 Grenoble
- France
- CNRS
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marry V, Rotenberg B. Upscaling Strategies for Modeling Clay-Rock Properties. NATURAL AND ENGINEERED CLAY BARRIERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100027-4.00011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|