1
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Li X, Jin Y. Thermodynamic crossovers in supercritical fluids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400313121. [PMID: 38652745 PMCID: PMC11067041 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400313121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Can liquid-like and gas-like states be distinguished beyond the critical point, where the liquid-gas phase transition no longer exists and conventionally only a single supercritical fluid phase is defined? Recent experiments and simulations report strong evidence of dynamical crossovers above the critical temperature and pressure. Despite using different criteria, many existing theoretical explanations consider a single crossover line separating liquid-like and gas-like states in the supercritical fluid phase. We argue that such a single-line scenario is inconsistent with the supercritical behavior of the Ising model, which has two crossover lines due to its symmetry, violating the universality principle of critical phenomena. To reconcile the inconsistency, we define two thermodynamic crossover lines in supercritical fluids as boundaries of liquid-like, indistinguishable, and gas-like states. Near the critical point, the two crossover lines follow critical scalings with exponents of the Ising universality class, supported by calculations of theoretical models and analyses of experimental data from the standard database. The upper line agrees with crossovers independently estimated from the inelastic X-ray scattering data of supercritical argon, and from the small-angle neutron scattering data of supercritical carbon dioxide. The lower line is verified by the equation of states for the compressibility factor. This work provides a fundamental framework for understanding supercritical physics in general phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yuliang Jin
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- Center for Theoretical Interdisciplinary Sciences, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang325001, China
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2
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Fomin YD. Boiling line and near-critical maxima of propane-nitrogen mixtures. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064102. [PMID: 36671079 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that some thermodynamic quantities demonstrate maxima in the vicinity of a critical point. The lines of these maxima in the density-temperature or pressure-temperature planes are called "Widom lines." The behavior of Widom lines of one-component fluids has already been well studied in a number of papers by different authors. However, up to now the understanding of Widom lines in binary mixtures is still lacking. In this paper we study the boiling curve and the near-critical maxima of mixtures of nitrogen and propane by means of molecular dynamics simulation. We calculate the boiling curves and estimate the critical temperatures in a set of concentrations from pure nitrogen to pure propane. The influence of the composition of the mixture on the Widom lines of the system is evaluated. We find that the mixture of propane and nitrogen behaves as a type I mixture in the van Konynenburg-Scott classification, i.e., when the concentration is changed, the critical point and the corresponding Widom lines continuously shift in the density-temperature plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu D Fomin
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kaluzhskoe shosse 14, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
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3
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Lundin AA, Chaikina YA, Shushin AI, Umanskii SY. On the Capabilities of Optical Diagnostics Methods to Monitor the State of Supercritical Fluids near the Widom Line. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793122080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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4
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Liu M, Tang J, Liu S, Xi D, Min L, Zang J, Liu G, Wang J, Huang S, Huang Y. Modified Landau model for fluids: A rethink of pseudoboiling theory for supercritical fluids. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Zanetti-Polzi L, Daidone I, Amadei A. A general statistical mechanical model for fluid system thermodynamics: Application to sub- and super-critical water. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044506. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zanetti-Polzi
- Center S3, CNR-Institute of Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Isabella Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, via Vetoio (Coppito 1), 67010 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Amadei
- Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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6
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The hybrid ergodic lattice gas model for critical fluids and the molecular nature of the critical point. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Mareev E, Minaev N, Epifanov E, Tsymbalov I, Sviridov A, Gordienko V. Time-resolved optical probing of the non-equilibrium supercritical state in molecular media under ns laser-plasma impact. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:33592-33601. [PMID: 34809169 DOI: 10.1364/oe.441690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a complex method based on a combination of shadow photography and time-resolved Raman spectroscopy to observe the non-stationary laser-induced supercritical state in molecular media. Shadow photography is applied for retrieving pressure values, while Raman spectroscopy with molecular dynamics for temperature estimation. Time resolution of 0.25 ns is achieved by varying the delay between the pump (creating an extreme energy delivery) and the probe laser pulses by the self-made digital delay electronic circuit . The proposed method was employed in liquid carbon dioxide and water. Under nanosecond laser pulse impact, the estimated temperatures and pressures (∼700 K and ∼0.5 GPa) achieved in media are higher than the critical parameters of the samples.
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Yamaoka S, Hyeon-Deuk K. Distinct molecular dynamics dividing liquid-like and gas-like supercritical hydrogens. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22110-22118. [PMID: 34580684 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how a supercritical fluid is related to normal liquid and gas and separating it into liquid-like and gas-like regions are of fundamental and practical importance. Despite the usefulness of hydrogen storage, molecular dynamics images on supercritical hydrogens exhibiting strong nuclear quantum effects are scarce. Taking advantage of the non-empirical ab initio molecular dynamics method for hydrogen molecules, we found that, while radial distribution functions and diffusion show a monotonic change along the density, van Hove time correlation functions and intramolecular properties such as bond length and vibrational frequency exhibit the anomalous order crossing the Widom line. By demonstrating that the anomalous order stemmed from the largest deviations between liquid-like and gas-like solvations formed around the Widom line, we concluded that this supercritical fluid is a mixture of liquid and gas possessing heterogeneity. The obtained physical insights can be an index to monitor the supercriticality and to identify distinct liquid-like and gas-like supercritical fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kim Hyeon-Deuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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9
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The Anomalous Behavior of Thermodynamic Parameters in the Three Widom Deltas of Carbon Dioxide-Ethanol Mixture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189813. [PMID: 34575970 PMCID: PMC8472178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics, we demonstrated that in the mixture of carbon dioxide and ethanol (25% molar fraction) there are three pronounced regions on the p-T diagram characterized by not only high-density fluctuations but also anomalous behavior of thermodynamic parameters. The regions are interpreted as Widom deltas. The regions were identified as a result of analyzing the dependences of density, density fluctuations, isobaric thermal conductivity, and clustering of a mixture of carbon dioxide and ethanol in a wide range of pressures and temperatures. Two of the regions correspond to the Widom delta for pure supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol, while the third region is in the immediate vicinity of the critical point of the binary mixture. The origin of these Widom deltas is a result of the large mixed linear clusters formation.
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Chatwell RS, Guevara-Carrion G, Gaponenko Y, Shevtsova V, Vrabec J. Diffusion of the carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture in the extended critical region. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3106-3115. [PMID: 33491706 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04985a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of traces of ethanol in supercritical carbon dioxide on the mixture's thermodynamic properties is studied by molecular simulations and Taylor dispersion measurements. This mixture is investigated along the isobar p = 10 MPa in the temperature range between T = 304 and 343 K. Along this path, the mixture undergoes two transitions: First, the Widom line is crossed, marking the transition from liquid-like to gas-like conditions. A second transition occurs from the supercritical gas-like domain to a subcritical gas. The Widom line crossover entails inflection points for most of the studied properties, i.e. density, enthalpy, shear viscosity, Maxwell-Stefan and intradiffusion coefficients. On the other hand, the transition between the super- and subcritical regions is found to be generally smooth, an observation that is qualitatively confirmed by experimental Taylor dispersion measurements. Dedicated atomistic simulations show the presence of microheterogeneities due to ethanol self-association along the investigated path, which lead to the mixture's anomalous behavior in its extended critical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Spencer Chatwell
- Thermodynamics and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Yuri Gaponenko
- Microgravity Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Valentina Shevtsova
- Microgravity Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jadran Vrabec
- Thermodynamics and Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Maxim F, Karalis K, Boillat P, Banuti DT, Marquez Damian JI, Niceno B, Ludwig C. Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Supercritical Water Pseudo-Boiling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002312. [PMID: 33552857 PMCID: PMC7856905 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid pseudo-boiling (PB), recently brought to the attention of the scientific community, is the phenomenon occurring when fluid changes its structure from liquid-like (LL) to gas-like (GL) states across the Widom line. This work provides the first quantitative analysis on the thermodynamics and the dynamics of water's PB, since the understanding of this phase transition is mandatory for the successful implementation of technologies using supercritical water (scH2O) for environmental, energy, and nanomaterial applications. The study combines computational techniques with in situ neutron imaging measurements. The results demonstrate that, during isobaric heating close to the critical point, while water density drops by a factor of three in the PB transitional region, the system needs >16 times less energy to increase its temperature by 1 K than to change its structure from LL to GL phase. Above the PB-Widom line, the structure of LL water consists mainly of tetramers and trimers, while below the line mostly dimers and monomers form in the GL phase. At atomic level, the PB dynamics are similar to those of the subcritical water vaporization. This fundamental knowledge has great impact on water science, as it helps to establish the structure-properties relationship of scH2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Maxim
- Laboratory for Chemical Thermodynamics“Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical ChemistrySplaiul Independentei 202Bucharest060021Romania
- Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis (LBK)ENE DivisionPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI5232Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre Boillat
- Electrochemistry Laboratory (LEC)ENE DivisionPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI5232Switzerland
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging (LNS)NUM DivisionPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI5232Switzerland
| | - Daniel T. Banuti
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of New MexicoMSC01 1150AlbuquerqueNM87131USA
| | | | - Bojan Niceno
- Laboratory for Scientific Computing and Modelling (LSM)NES DivisionPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI5232Switzerland
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ)MAVT‐LKEZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis (LBK)ENE DivisionPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSI5232Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)ENAC IIE GR‐LUDLausanne1015Switzerland
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12
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13
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Banuti D, Raju M, Ihme M. Between supercritical liquids and gases – Reconciling dynamic and thermodynamic state transitions. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Pipich V, Schwahn D. Polymorphic phase transition in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11861. [PMID: 32681012 PMCID: PMC7367860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present experiments on molecular density fluctuations in liquid and supercritical (SC) CO2 using small-angle neutron scattering. Thermal density fluctuations in SC-CO2 determine susceptibility and correlation length identifying the Widom line at their maxima. Droplet formation occurs at the gas–liquid line and between 20 and 60 bar above the Widom line, the corresponding borderline identified as the Frenkel line. The droplets start to form spheres of constant radius of ≈ 45 Å and transform into rods and globules at higher pressure. Droplet formation represents a liquid–liquid (polymorphic) phase transition of the same composition but different density, whose difference defines its order parameter. Polymorphism in CO2 is a new observation stimulating interesting discussions on the topics of gas-like to liquid-like transition in SC fluids and polymorphism since CO2 represents a “simple” van der Waals liquid in contrast to water, which is the most widely studied liquid showing polymorphism in its supercooled state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Pipich
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schwahn
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1), Wilhelm Johnen Strasse, D-52428, Jülich, Germany.
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15
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Waste-water purification through a countercurrent system driven by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). Part I: Experimental investigation and process evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Bell IH, Galliero G, Delage-Santacreu S, Costigliola L. An entropy scaling demarcation of gas- and liquid-like fluid behaviors. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:191102. [PMID: 33687260 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose a generic and simple definition of a line separating gas-like and liquid-like fluid behaviors from the standpoint of shear viscosity. This definition is valid even for fluids such as the hard sphere and the inverse power law that exhibit a unique fluid phase. We argue that this line is defined by the location of the minimum of the macroscopically scaled viscosity when plotted as a function of the excess entropy, which differs from the popular Widom lines. For hard sphere, Lennard-Jones, and inverse-power-law fluids, such a line is located at an excess entropy approximately equal to -2/3 times Boltzmann's constant and corresponds to points in the thermodynamic phase diagram for which the kinetic contribution to viscosity is approximately half of the total viscosity. For flexible Lennard-Jones chains, the excess entropy at the minimum is a linear function of the chain length. This definition opens a straightforward route to classify the dynamical behavior of fluids from a single thermodynamic quantity obtainable from high-accuracy thermodynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Guillaume Galliero
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, e2s UPPA, TOTAL, CNRS, LFCR, UMR 5150, Laboratoire des fluides complexes et leurs reservoirs, Pau, France
| | - Stéphanie Delage-Santacreu
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, e2s UPPA, Laboratoire de Mathematiques et de leurs Applications de Pau (IPRA, CNRS UMR5142), Pau, France
| | - Lorenzo Costigliola
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Postbox 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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17
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Proctor JE, Pruteanu CG, Morrison I, Crowe IF, Loveday JS. Transition from Gas-like to Liquid-like Behavior in Supercritical N 2. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6584-6589. [PMID: 31604009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have studied in detail the transition from gas-like to rigid liquid-like behavior in supercritical N2 at 300 K (2.4 TC). Our study combines neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We observe a narrow transition from gas-like to rigid liquid-like behavior at ca. 150 MPa, which we associate with the Frenkel line. Our findings allow us to reliably characterize the Frenkel line using both diffraction and spectroscopy methods, backed up by simulation, for the same substance. We clearly lay out what parameters change, and what parameters do not change, when the Frenkel line is crossed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Proctor
- Materials and Physics Research Group , University of Salford , Manchester M5 4WT , U.K
| | - C G Pruteanu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , University College London , Gower Street , London WC1E 6BT , U.K
| | - I Morrison
- Materials and Physics Research Group , University of Salford , Manchester M5 4WT , U.K
| | - I F Crowe
- Photon Science Institute and School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
| | - J S Loveday
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions , The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH9 3JZ , U.K
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18
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Zerón I, Torres-Arenas J, de Jesús E, Ramírez B, Benavides A. Discrete potential fluids in the supercritical region. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Karalis K, Ludwig C, Niceno B. Supercritical water anomalies in the vicinity of the Widom line. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15731. [PMID: 31673024 PMCID: PMC6823507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51843-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supercritical water is used in a variety of chemical and industrial applications. As a consequence, a detailed knowledge of the structure-properties correlations is of uttermost importance. Although supercritical water was considered as a homogeneous fluid, recent studies revealed an anomalous behaviour due to nanoscale density fluctuations (inhomogeneity). The inhomogeneity is clearly demarked through the Widom line (maxima in response factions) and drastically affect the properties. In the current study the physical properties of supercritical water have been determined by classical molecular dynamics simulations using a variety of polarized and polarizable interatomic potentials. Their validity which was not available at supercritical conditions has been assessed based on the ability to reproduce experimental data. Overall, the polarized TIP4P/2005 model accurately predicted the properties of water in both liquid-like and gas-like regions. All interatomic potentials captured the anomalous behaviour providing a direct evidence of molecular-scale inhomogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Karalis
- Laboratory for Scientific Computing and Modelling (LSM), NES Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Laboratory for Bioenergy and Catalysis (LBK), ENE Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ENAC IIE GR-LUD, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bojan Niceno
- Laboratory for Scientific Computing and Modelling (LSM), NES Division, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland. .,Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), MAVT-LKE, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Ng Pack G, Rotondaro MC, Shah PP, Mandal A, Erramilli S, Ziegler LD. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy from the gas to liquid phase: density dependent J-scrambling, vibrational relaxation, and the onset of liquid character. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21249-21261. [PMID: 31538165 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast 2DIR spectra and pump-probe responses of the N2O ν3 asymmetric stretch in SF6 as a function of density from the gas to supercritical phase and liquid are reported. 2DIR spectra unequivocally reveal free rotor character at all densities studied in the gas and supercritical region. Analysis of the 2DIR spectra determines that J-scrambling or rotational relaxation in N2O is highly efficient, occurring in ∼1.5 to ∼2 collisions with SF6 at all non-liquid densities. In contrast, N2O ν3 vibrational energy relaxation requires ∼15 collisions, and complete vibrational equilibrium occurs on the ∼ns scale at all densities. An independent binary collision model is sufficient to describe these supercritical state point dynamics. The N2O ν3 in liquid SF6 2DIR spectrum shows no evidence of free rotor character or spectral diffusion. Using these 2DIR results, hindered rotor or liquid-like character is found in gas and all supercritical solutions for SF6 densities ≥ρ* = 0.3, and increases with SF6 density. 2DIR spectral analysis offers direct time domain evidence of critical slowing for SF6 solutions closest to the critical point density. Applications of 2DIR to other high density and supercritical solution dynamics and descriptions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Ng Pack
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew C Rotondaro
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Parth P Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aritra Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Shyamsunder Erramilli
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - L D Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA. and Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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21
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Pathak H, Späh A, Amann-Winkel K, Perakis F, Kim KKH, Nilsson A. Temperature dependent anomalous fluctuations in water: shift of ≈1 kbar between experiment and classical force field simulations. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1649486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Pathak
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyung Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Kryuchkov NP, Mistryukova LA, Brazhkin VV, Yurchenko SO. Excitation spectra in fluids: How to analyze them properly. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10483. [PMID: 31324848 PMCID: PMC6642218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the understanding of excitation spectra in fluids is of great importance, it is still unclear how different methods of spectral analysis agree with each other and which of them is suitable in a wide range of parameters. Here, we show that the problem can be solved using a two-oscillator model to analyze total velocity current spectra, while other considered methods, including analysis of the spectral maxima and single mode analysis, yield rough results and become unsuitable at high temperatures and wavenumbers. To prove this, we perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and calculate excitation spectra in Lennard-Jones and inverse-power-law fluids at different temperatures, both in 3D and 2D cases. Then, we analyze relations between thermodynamic and dynamic features of fluids at (Frenkel) crossover from a liquid- to gas-like state and find that they agree with each other in the 3D case and strongly disagree in 2D systems due to enhanced anharmonicity effects. The results provide a significant advance in methods for detail analysis of collective fluid dynamics spanning fields from soft condensed matter to strongly coupled plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita P Kryuchkov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya street 5, Moscow, 105005, Russia
| | - Lukiya A Mistryukova
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya street 5, Moscow, 105005, Russia
| | - Vadim V Brazhkin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Kaluzhskoe shosse, 14, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
| | - Stanislav O Yurchenko
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya street 5, Moscow, 105005, Russia.
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Yoon TJ, Ha MY, Lee WB, Lee YW. A corresponding-state framework for the structural transition of supercritical fluids across the Widom delta. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:154503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5086467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jun Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Min Young Ha
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Youn-Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
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24
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Martelli F. Unravelling the contribution of local structures to the anomalies of water: The synergistic action of several factors. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094506. [PMID: 30849899 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the microscopic origin of water's anomalies by inspecting the hydrogen bond network (HBN) and the spatial organization of low-density-liquid (LDL) like and high-density-liquid (HDL) like environments. Specifically, we simulate-via classical molecular dynamics simulations-the isobaric cooling of a sample composed of 512 water molecules from ambient to deeply undercooled conditions at three pressures, namely, 1 bar, 400 bars, and 1000 bars. In correspondence with the Widom line (WL), (i) the HDL-like dominating cluster undergoes fragmentation caused by the percolation of LDL-like aggregates following a spinodal-like kinetics; (ii) such fragmentation always occurs at a "critical" concentration of ∼20%-30% in LDL; (iii) the HBN within LDL-like environments is characterized by an equal number of pentagonal and hexagonal rings that create a state of maximal frustration between a configuration that promotes crystallization (hexagonal ring) and a configuration that hinders it (pentagonal ring); (iv) the spatial organization of HDL-like environments shows a marked variation. Moreover, the inspection of the global symmetry shows that the intermediate-range order decreases in correspondence with the WL and such a decrease becomes more pronounced upon increasing the pressure, hence supporting the hypothesis of a liquid-liquid critical point. Our results reveal and rationalize the complex microscopic origin of water's anomalies as the cooperative effect of several factors acting synergistically. Beyond implications for water, our findings may be extended to other materials displaying anomalous behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Martelli
- IBM Research, Hartree Centre, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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25
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Hestand NJ, Strong SE, Shi L, Skinner JL. Mid-IR spectroscopy of supercritical water: From dilute gas to dense fluid. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:054505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5079232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Hestand
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Steven E. Strong
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Liang Shi
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95344, USA
| | - J. L. Skinner
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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26
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Takemoto A, Kinugawa K. Quantumness and state boundaries hidden in supercritical helium-4: A path integral centroid molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:204504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5053988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Takemoto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kinugawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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27
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Hestand NJ, Skinner JL. Perspective: Crossing the Widom line in no man’s land: Experiments, simulations, and the location of the liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:140901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5046687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Hestand
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J. L. Skinner
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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28
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Strong SE, Shi L, Skinner JL. Percolation in supercritical water: Do the Widom and percolation lines coincide? J Chem Phys 2018; 149:084504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5042556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Strong
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Liang Shi
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, California 95344, USA
| | - J. L. Skinner
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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29
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Abstract
The Frenkel line, a crossover line between rigid and nonrigid dynamics of fluid particles, has recently been the subject of intense debate regarding its relevance as a partitioning line of the supercritical phase, where the main criticism comes from the theoretical treatment of collective particle dynamics. From an independent point of view, this Letter suggests that the two-phase thermodynamics model may alleviate this contentious situation. The model offers new criteria for defining the Frenkel line in the supercritical region and builds a robust connection among the preexisting, seemingly inconsistent definitions. In addition, one of the dynamic criteria locates the rigid-nonrigid transition of the soft-sphere and the hard-sphere models. Hence, we suggest the Frenkel line be considered as a dynamic rigid-nonrigid fluid boundary, without any relation to gas-liquid transition. These findings provide an integrative viewpoint combining fragmentized definitions of the Frenkel line, allowing future studies to be carried out in a more reliable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jun Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Ha
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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30
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Noman E, Norulaini Nik Ab Rahman N, Al-Gheethi A, Nagao H, Talip BA, Ab Kadir O. Selection of inactivation medium for fungal spores in clinical wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:21682-21692. [PMID: 29785605 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2335-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to select the best medium for inactivation of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus spp. in section Nigri, A. niger, A. terreus var. terreus, A. tubingensis, Penicillium waksmanii, P. simplicissimum, and Aspergillus sp. strain no. 145 spores in clinical wastes by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). There were three types of solutions used including normal saline, seawater, distilled water, and physiological saline with 1% of methanol; each solution was tested at 5, 10, and 20 mL of the water contents. The experiments were conducted at the optimum operating parameters of supercritical carbon dioxide (30 MPa, 75 °C, 90 min). The results showed that the inactivation rate was more effective in distilled water with the presence of 1% methanol (6 log reductions). Meanwhile, the seawater decreases inactivation rate more than normal saline (4.5 vs. 5.1 log reduction). On the other hand, the experiments performed with different volumes of distilled water (5, 10, and 20 mL) indicated that A. niger spores were completely inactivated with 10 mL of distilled water. The inactivation rate of fungal spores decreased from 6 to 4.5 log as the amount of distilled water increased from 10 to 20 mL. The analysis for the spore morphology of A. fumigatus and Aspergillus spp. in section Nigri using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has revealed the role of temperature and pressure in the SC-CO2 in the destruction of the cell walls of the spores. It can be concluded that the distilled water represent the best medium for inactivation of fungal spores in the clinical solid wastes by SC-CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efaq Noman
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), KM11 Jalan Panchor, 84000, Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen.
| | | | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hideyuki Nagao
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Balkis A Talip
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), KM11 Jalan Panchor, 84000, Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Omar Ab Kadir
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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31
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Schienbein P, Marx D. Investigation concerning the uniqueness of separatrix lines separating liquidlike from gaslike regimes deep in the supercritical phase of water with a focus on Widom line concepts. Phys Rev E 2018; 98:022104. [PMID: 30253513 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.98.022104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The supercritical phase of fluids has long been known to feature significantly different liquidlike and gaslike regimes. However, it is textbook knowledge that the supercritical state is a homogeneous fluid phase where properties change continuously. Nevertheless, there has been an increasing amount of evidence published that suggests that there might exist a unique line that rigorously separates different regimes in supercritical phases, particularly in the case of water. Here, we use the quasiexact IAPWS95 equation of state to rigorously assess the macroscopic thermodynamic properties of supercritical water without invoking any water model or related approximations. We focus on how these properties change deep in the supercritical phase, in particular if they allow one to introduce a unique "thermodynamic separatrix." Our rigorous thermodynamic analysis, which relies exclusively on accurate experimental data, makes clear that there is no unique separatrix in real supercritical water-such as the recently much-invoked "Widom line." A comparison to the van der Waals equation of state reproduces qualitatively all our findings for real water, thereby suggesting that our analysis should be transferable to other fluids and critical points. Topological analysis of the H-bond network structure of supercritical water, as obtained from molecular-dynamics simulations using a standard water model, demonstrates that also the percolation line does not provide a meaningful separatrix to rigorously distinguish liquidlike from gaslike regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schienbein
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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32
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Mareev E, Aleshkevich V, Potemkin F, Bagratashvili V, Minaev N, Gordienko V. Anomalous behavior of nonlinear refractive indexes of CO 2 and Xe in supercritical states. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13229-13238. [PMID: 29801350 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of pressure dependent nonlinear refractive index of CO2 and Xe in subcritical and supercritical states are reported. In the vicinity of the ridge (or the Widom line), corresponding to the maximum density fluctuations, the nonlinear refractive index reaches a maximum value (up to 4.8*10-20m2/W in CO2 and 3.5*10-20m2/W in Xe). Anomalous behavior of the nonlinear refractive index in the vicinity of a ridge is caused by the cluster formation. That corresponds to the results of our theoretical assumption based on the modified Langevin theory.
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33
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Brazhkin VV, Prescher C, Fomin YD, Tsiok EN, Lyapin AG, Ryzhov VN, Prakapenka VB, Stefanski J, Trachenko K, Sapelkin A. Comment on “Behavior of Supercritical Fluids across the ‘Frenkel Line’”. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6124-6128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Brazhkin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - C. Prescher
- Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Universität zu Köln, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - Yu. D. Fomin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. N. Tsiok
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. G. Lyapin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. N. Ryzhov
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108840 Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. B. Prakapenka
- Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - J. Stefanski
- Institut für Geologie und Mineralogie, Universität zu Köln, Cologne 50939, Germany
| | - K. Trachenko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - A. Sapelkin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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34
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Pipich V, Schwahn D. Densification of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Accompanied by Droplet Formation When Passing the Widom Line. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:145701. [PMID: 29694157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.145701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermal density fluctuations of supercritical CO_{2} were explored using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), whose amplitude (susceptibility) and correlation length show the expected maximum at the Widom line. At low pressure, the susceptibility is in excellent agreement with the evaluated values on the basis of mass density measurements. At about 20 bar beyond the Widom line, SANS shows the formation of droplets accompanied by an enhanced number density of the supercritical fluid. The corresponding borderline is interpreted as a Frenkel line separating gas- and liquidlike regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy Pipich
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schwahn
- Technische Universität München, Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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35
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Fomin YD, Ryzhov VN, Tsiok EN, Proctor JE, Prescher C, Prakapenka VB, Trachenko K, Brazhkin VV. Dynamics, thermodynamics and structure of liquids and supercritical fluids: crossover at the Frenkel line. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:134003. [PMID: 29443011 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaaf39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We review recent work aimed at understanding dynamical and thermodynamic properties of liquids and supercritical fluids. The focus of our discussion is on solid-like transverse collective modes, whose evolution in the supercritical fluids enables one to discuss the main properties of the Frenkel line separating rigid liquid-like and non-rigid gas-like supercritical states. We subsequently present recent experimental evidence of the Frenkel line showing that structural and dynamical crossovers are seen at a pressure and temperature corresponding to the line as predicted by theory and modelling. Finally, we link dynamical and thermodynamic properties of liquids and supercritical fluids by the new calculation of liquid energy governed by the evolution of solid-like transverse modes. The disappearance of those modes at high temperature results in the observed decrease of heat capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu D Fomin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Moscow, Russia
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36
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Yoon TJ, Lee YW. Current theoretical opinions and perspectives on the fundamental description of supercritical fluids. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Ghosh K, Krishnamurthy CV. Structural behavior of supercritical fluids under confinement. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:012131. [PMID: 29448330 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.012131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The existence of the Frenkel line in the supercritical regime of a Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid shown through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations initially and later corroborated by experiments on argon opens up possibilities of understanding the structure and dynamics of supercritical fluids in general and of the Frenkel line in particular. The location of the Frenkel line, which demarcates two distinct physical states, liquidlike and gaslike within the supercritical regime, has been established through MD simulations of the velocity autocorrelation (VACF) and radial distribution function (RDF). We, in this article, explore the changes in the structural features of supercritical LJ fluid under partial confinement using atomistic walls. The study is carried out across the Frenkel line through a series of MD simulations considering a set of thermodynamics states in the supercritical regime (P=5000 bar, 240K≤T≤1500K) of argon well above the critical point. Confinement is partial, with atomistic walls located normal to z and extending to "infinity" along the x and y directions. In the "liquidlike" regime of the supercritical phase, particles are found to be distributed in distinct layers along the z axis with layer spacing less than one atomic diameter and the lateral RDF showing amorphous-like structure for specific spacings (packing frustration) and non-amorphous-like structure for other spacings. Increasing the rigidity of the atomistic walls is found to lead to stronger layering and increased structural order. For confinement with reflective walls, layers are found to form with one atomic diameter spacing and the lateral RDF showing close-packed structure for the smaller confinements. Translational order parameter and excess entropy assessment confirms the ordering taking place for atomistic wall and reflective wall confinements. In the "gaslike" regime of the supercritical phase, particle distribution along the spacing and the lateral RDF exhibit features not significantly different from that due to normal gas regime. The heterogeneity across the Frenkel line, found to be present both in bulk and confined systems, might cause the breakdown of the universal scaling between structure and dynamics of fluids necessitating the determination of a unique relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanka Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - C V Krishnamurthy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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38
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Raman AS, Li H, Chiew YC. Widom line, dynamical crossover, and percolation transition of supercritical oxygen via molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:014502. [PMID: 29306275 DOI: 10.1063/1.5002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical oxygen, a cryogenic fluid, is widely used as an oxidizer in jet propulsion systems and is therefore of paramount importance in gaining physical insights into processes such as transcritical and supercritical vaporization. It is well established in the scientific literature that the supercritical state is not homogeneous but, in fact, can be demarcated into regions with liquid-like and vapor-like properties, separated by the "Widom line." In this study, we identified the Widom line for oxygen, constituted by the loci of the extrema of thermodynamic response functions (heat capacity, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, and isothermal compressibility) in the supercritical region, via atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the Widom lines derived from these response functions all coincide near the critical point until about 25 bars and 15-20 K, beyond which the isothermal compressibility line begins to deviate. We also obtained the crossover from liquid-like to vapor-like behavior of the translational diffusion coefficient, shear viscosity, and rotational relaxation time of supercritical oxygen. While the crossover of the translational diffusion coefficient and shear viscosity coincided with the Widom lines, the rotational relaxation time showed a crossover that was largely independent of the Widom line. Further, we characterized the clustering behavior and percolation transition of supercritical oxygen molecules, identified the percolation threshold based on the fractal dimension of the largest cluster and the probability of finding a cluster that spans the system in all three dimensions, and found that the locus of the percolation threshold also coincided with the isothermal compressibility Widom line. It is therefore clear that supercritical oxygen is far more complex than originally perceived and that the Widom line, dynamical crossovers, and percolation transitions serve as useful routes to better our understanding of the supercritical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav S Raman
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Huiyong Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Y C Chiew
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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39
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Fomin YD, Ryzhov VN, Tsiok EN, Brazhkin VV. Excitation spectra of liquid iron up to superhigh temperatures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:345401. [PMID: 28653958 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa7c0e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of excitation spectra of liquids is one of the hot test topics nowadays. In particular, recent experimental works showed that liquid metals can demonstrate transverse excitations and positive sound dispersion. However, the theoretical description of these experimental observations is still missing. Here we report a molecular dynamics study of excitation spectra of liquid iron. We compare the results with available experimental data to justify the method. After that we perform calculations for high temperatures to find the location of the Frenkel line introduced in our previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu D Fomin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Kaluzhskoe shosse, 14, Troitsk, Moscow, 108840, Russia
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40
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Raju M, Banuti DT, Ma PC, Ihme M. Widom Lines in Binary Mixtures of Supercritical Fluids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3027. [PMID: 28596591 PMCID: PMC5465206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments on pure fluids have identified distinct liquid-like and gas-like regimes even under supercritical conditions. The supercritical liquid-gas transition is marked by maxima in response functions that define a line emanating from the critical point, referred to as Widom line. However, the structure of analogous state transitions in mixtures of supercritical fluids has not been determined, and it is not clear whether a Widom line can be identified for binary mixtures. Here, we present first evidence for the existence of multiple Widom lines in binary mixtures from molecular dynamics simulations. By considering mixtures of noble gases, we show that, depending on the phase behavior, mixtures transition from a liquid-like to a gas-like regime via distinctly different pathways, leading to phase relationships of surprising complexity and variety. Specifically, we show that miscible binary mixtures have behavior analogous to a pure fluid and the supercritical state space is characterized by a single liquid-gas transition. In contrast, immiscible binary mixture undergo a phase separation in which the clusters transition separately at different temperatures, resulting in multiple distinct Widom lines. The presence of this unique transition behavior emphasizes the complexity of the supercritical state to be expected in high-order mixtures of practical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralikrishna Raju
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Daniel T Banuti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter C Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matthias Ihme
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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41
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Fomin YD, Ryzhov VN, Tsiok EN, Brazhkin VV, Trachenko K. Crossover of collective modes and positive sound dispersion in supercritical state. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:43LT01. [PMID: 27603524 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/43/43lt01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical state has been viewed as an intermediate state between gases and liquids with largely unknown physical properties. Here, we address the important ability of supercritical fluids to sustain collective excitations. We directly study propagating modes on the basis of correlation functions calculated in molecular dynamics simulations and find that the supercritical system sustains propagating solid-like transverse modes below the Frenkel line but not above where there is one longitudinal mode only. Important thermodynamic implications of this finding are discussed. We directly detect positive sound dispersion (PSD) below the Frenkel line where transverse modes are operative and quantitatively explain its magnitude on the basis of transverse and longitudinal velocities. PSD disappears above the Frenkel line which therefore demarcates the supercritical phase diagram into two areas where PSD does and does not operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu D Fomin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 142190, Moscow, Russia
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42
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Optimization of Operation Parameters for Helical Flow Cleanout with Supercritical CO2 in Horizontal Wells Using Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156358. [PMID: 27249026 PMCID: PMC4889083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sand production and blockage are common during the drilling and production of horizontal oil and gas wells as a result of formation breakdown. The use of high-pressure rotating jets and annular helical flow is an effective way to enhance horizontal wellbore cleanout. In this paper, we propose the idea of using supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) as washing fluid in water-sensitive formation. SC-CO2 is manifested to be effective in preventing formation damage and enhancing production rate as drilling fluid, which justifies tis potential in wellbore cleanout. In order to investigate the effectiveness of SC-CO2 helical flow cleanout, we perform the numerical study on the annular flow field, which significantly affects sand cleanout efficiency, of SC-CO2 jets in horizontal wellbore. Based on the field data, the geometry model and mathematical models were built. Then a numerical simulation of the annular helical flow field by SC-CO2 jets was accomplished. The influences of several key parameters were investigated, and SC-CO2 jets were compared to conventional water jets. The results show that flow rate, ambient temperature, jet temperature, and nozzle assemblies play the most important roles on wellbore flow field. Once the difference between ambient temperatures and jet temperatures is kept constant, the wellbore velocity distributions will not change. With increasing lateral nozzle size or decreasing rear/forward nozzle size, suspending ability of SC-CO2 flow improves obviously. A back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) was successfully employed to match the operation parameters and SC-CO2 flow velocities. A comprehensive model was achieved to optimize the operation parameters according to two strategies: cost-saving strategy and local optimal strategy. This paper can help to understand the distinct characteristics of SC-CO2 flow. And it is the first time that the BP-ANN is introduced to analyze the flow field during wellbore cleanout in horizontal wells.
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Trachenko K, Brazhkin VV. Collective modes and thermodynamics of the liquid state. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:016502. [PMID: 26696098 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/1/016502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Strongly interacting, dynamically disordered and with no small parameter, liquids took a theoretical status between gases and solids with the historical tradition of hydrodynamic description as the starting point. We review different approaches to liquids as well as recent experimental and theoretical work, and propose that liquids do not need classifying in terms of their proximity to gases and solids or any categorizing for that matter. Instead, they are a unique system in their own class with a notably mixed dynamical state in contrast to pure dynamical states of solids and gases. We start with explaining how the first-principles approach to liquids is an intractable, exponentially complex problem of coupled non-linear oscillators with bifurcations. This is followed by a reduction of the problem based on liquid relaxation time τ representing non-perturbative treatment of strong interactions. On the basis of τ, solid-like high-frequency modes are predicted and we review related recent experiments. We demonstrate how the propagation of these modes can be derived by generalizing either hydrodynamic or elasticity equations. We comment on the historical trend to approach liquids using hydrodynamics and compare it to an alternative solid-like approach. We subsequently discuss how collective modes evolve with temperature and how this evolution affects liquid energy and heat capacity as well as other properties such as fast sound. Here, our emphasis is on understanding experimental data in real, rather than model, liquids. Highlighting the dominant role of solid-like high-frequency modes for liquid energy and heat capacity, we review a wide range of liquids: subcritical low-viscous liquids, supercritical state with two different dynamical and thermodynamic regimes separated by the Frenkel line, highly-viscous liquids in the glass transformation range and liquid-glass transition. We subsequently discuss the fairly recent area of liquid-liquid phase transitions, the area where the solid-like properties of liquids have become further apparent. We then discuss gas-like and solid-like approaches to quantum liquids and theoretical issues that are similar to the classical case. Finally, we summarize the emergent view of liquids as a unique system with a mixed dynamical state, and list several areas where interesting insights may appear and continue the extraordinary liquid story.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Trachenko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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Abstract
Dynamical crossover in water is studied by means of computer simulation. The crossover temperature is calculated from the behavior of velocity autocorrelation functions. The results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the qualitative behavior of the dynamical crossover line is similar to the melting curve behavior. Importantly, the crossover line belongs to experimentally achievable (P, T) region which stimulates the experimental investigation in this field.
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Shvab I, Sadus RJ. Thermophysical properties of supercritical water and bond flexibility. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:012124. [PMID: 26274141 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.012124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics results are reported for the thermodynamic properties of supercritical water using examples of both rigid (TIP4P/2005) and flexible (TIP4P/2005f) transferable interaction potentials. Data are reported for pressure, isochoric and isobaric heat capacities, the thermal expansion coefficient, isothermal and adiabatic compressibilities, Joule-Thomson coefficient, speed of sound, self-diffusion coefficient, viscosities, and thermal conductivity. Many of these properties have unusual behavior in the supercritical phase such as maximum and minimum values. The effectiveness of bond flexibility on predicting these properties is determined by comparing the results to experimental data. The influence of the intermolecular potential on these properties is both variable and state point dependent. In the vicinity of the critical density, the rigid and flexible potentials yield very different values for the compressibilities, heat capacities, and thermal expansion coefficient, whereas the self-diffusion coefficient, viscosities, and thermal conductivities are much less potential dependent. Although the introduction of bond flexibility is a computationally expedient way to improve the accuracy of an intermolecular potential, it can be counterproductive in some cases and it is not an adequate replacement for incorporating the effects of polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shvab
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Sadus
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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