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Zhang S, Karasiev VV, Shaffer N, Mihaylov DI, Nichols K, Paul R, Goshadze RMN, Ghosh M, Hinz J, Epstein R, Goedecker S, Hu SX. First-principles equation of state of CHON resin for inertial confinement fusion applications. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:045207. [PMID: 36397594 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.045207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A wide-range (0 to 1044.0 g/cm^{3} and 0 to 10^{9} K) equation-of-state (EOS) table for a CH_{1.72}O_{0.37}N_{0.086} quaternary compound has been constructed based on density-functional theory (DFT) molecular-dynamics (MD) calculations using a combination of Kohn-Sham DFT MD, orbital-free DFT MD, and numerical extrapolation. The first-principles EOS data are compared with predictions of simple models, including the fully ionized ideal gas and the Fermi-degenerate electron gas models, to chart their temperature-density conditions of applicability. The shock Hugoniot, thermodynamic properties, and bulk sound velocities are predicted based on the EOS table and compared to those of C-H compounds. The Hugoniot results show the maximum compression ratio of the C-H-O-N resin is larger than that of CH polystyrene due to the existence of oxygen and nitrogen; while the other properties are similar between CHON and CH. Radiation hydrodynamic simulations have been performed using the table for inertial confinement fusion targets with a CHON ablator and compared with a similar design with CH. The simulations show CHON outperforms CH as the ablator for laser-direct-drive target designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Valentin V Karasiev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Nathaniel Shaffer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Deyan I Mihaylov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Katarina Nichols
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Reetam Paul
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R M N Goshadze
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Maitrayee Ghosh
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Joshua Hinz
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Reuben Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Stefan Goedecker
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Cao Y, Chu Y, Wang Z, Qi J, Zhou L, Li Z. Thermophysical properties of low-density polystyrene under extreme conditions using ReaxFF molecular dynamics. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1878304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Chu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Qi
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang S, Hu SX. Species Separation and Hydrogen Streaming upon Shock Release from Polystyrene under Inertial Confinement Fusion Conditions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:105001. [PMID: 32955319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shock release from inertial confinement fusion (ICF) shells poses a great challenge to single-fluid hydrodynamic equations, especially for describing materials composed of different ion species. This has been evidenced by a recent experiment [Haberberger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 235001 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.235001], in which low-density plasmas (10^{19} to 10^{20} cm^{-3}) are measured to move far ahead of what radiation-hydrodynamic simulations predict. To understand such experimental observations, we have performed large-scale nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations of shock release in polystyrene (CH) at experimental conditions. These simulations revealed that upon shock releasing from the back surface of a CH foil, hydrogen can stream out of the bulk of the foil due to its mass being lighter than carbon. This released hydrogen, exhibiting a much broader velocity distribution than carbon, forms low-density plasmas moving in nearly constant velocities ahead of the in-flight shell, which is in quantitative agreement with the experimental measurements. Such kinetic effect of species separation is currently missing in single-fluid radiation-hydrodynamics codes for ICF simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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Abstract
Methane and other hydrocarbons are major components of the mantle regions of icy planets. Several recent computational studies have investigated the high-pressure behaviour of specific hydrocarbons. To develop a global picture of hydrocarbon stability, to identify relevant decomposition reactions, and probe eventual formation of diamond, a complete study of all hydrocarbons is needed. Using density functional theory calculations we survey here all known C-H crystal structures augmented by targeted crystal structure searches to build hydrocarbon phase diagrams in the ground state and at elevated temperatures. We find that an updated pressure-temperature phase diagram for methane is dominated at intermediate pressures by CH 4 :H 2 van der Waals inclusion compounds. We discuss the P-T phase diagram for CH and CH 2 (i.e., polystyrene and polyethylene) to illustrate that diamond formation conditions are strongly composition dependent. Finally, crystal structure searches uncover a new CH 4 (H 2 ) 2 van der Waals compound, the most hydrogen-rich hydrocarbon, stable between 170 and 220 GPa.
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Mahieu B, Jourdain N, Ta Phuoc K, Dorchies F, Goddet JP, Lifschitz A, Renaudin P, Lecherbourg L. Probing warm dense matter using femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy with a laser-produced betatron source. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3276. [PMID: 30115918 PMCID: PMC6095895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring and understanding ultrafast processes at the atomic level is a scientific challenge. Femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) arises as an essential experimental probing method, as it can simultaneously reveal both electronic and atomic structures, and thus potentially unravel their nonequilibrium dynamic interplay which is at the origin of most of the ultrafast mechanisms. However, despite considerable efforts, there is still no femtosecond X-ray source suitable for routine experiments. Here we show that betatron radiation from relativistic laser−plasma interaction combines ideal features for femtosecond XAS. It has been used to investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a copper sample brought at extreme conditions of temperature and pressure by a femtosecond laser pulse. We measured a rise-time of the electron temperature below 100 fs. This experiment demonstrates the great potential of the table-top betatron source which makes possible the investigation of unexplored ultrafast processes in manifold fields of research. Understanding the ultrafast dynamics of materials under extreme conditions is challenging. Here the authors use a femtosecond betatron X-ray source to investigate the solid to dense plasma phase transition in copper using XAS with unprecedented time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mahieu
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | - N Jourdain
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, 33400, Talence, France.,CEA-DAM-DIF, 91297, Arpajon, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - F Dorchies
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, 33400, Talence, France
| | - J-P Goddet
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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Zhang S, Militzer B, Benedict LX, Soubiran F, Sterne PA, Driver KP. Path integral Monte Carlo simulations of dense carbon-hydrogen plasmas. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:102318. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lorin X. Benedict
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - François Soubiran
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Philip A. Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Kevin P. Driver
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Zhang S, Driver KP, Soubiran F, Militzer B. First-principles equation of state and shock compression predictions of warm dense hydrocarbons. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:013204. [PMID: 29347225 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.013204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We use path integral Monte Carlo and density functional molecular dynamics to construct a coherent set of equations of state (EOS) for a series of hydrocarbon materials with various C:H ratios (2:1, 1:1, 2:3, 1:2, and 1:4) over the range of 0.07-22.4gcm^{-3} and 6.7×10^{3}-1.29×10^{8}K. The shock Hugoniot curve derived for each material displays a single compression maximum corresponding to K-shell ionization. For C:H = 1:1, the compression maximum occurs at 4.7-fold of the initial density and we show radiation effects significantly increase the shock compression ratio above 2 Gbar, surpassing relativistic effects. The single-peaked structure of the Hugoniot curves contrasts with previous work on higher-Z plasmas, which exhibit a two-peak structure corresponding to both K- and L-shell ionization. Analysis of the electronic density of states reveals that the change in Hugoniot structure is due to merging of the L-shell eigenstates in carbon, while they remain distinct for higher-Z elements. Finally, we show that the isobaric-isothermal linear mixing rule for carbon and hydrogen EOS is a reasonable approximation with errors better than 1% for stellar-core conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Kevin P Driver
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - François Soubiran
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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