Quantum work relations and response theory in parity-time-symmetric quantum systems

Work statistics in non-Hermitian evolutions with Hermitian endpoints

Non-Hermitian systems with specific forms of Hamiltonians can exhibit novel phenomena. However, it is difficult to study their quantum thermodynamical properties. In particular, the calculation of work statistics can be challenging in non-Hermitian systems due to the change of state norm. To tackle this problem, we modify the two-point measurement method in Hermitian systems. The modified method can be applied to non-Hermitian systems which are Hermitian before and after the evolution. In Hermitian systems, our method is equivalent to the two-point measurement method. When the system is non-Hermitian, our results represent a projection of the statistics in a larger Hermitian system. As an example, we calculate the work statistics in a non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. Our results reveal several differences between the work statistics in non-Hermitian systems and the one in Hermitian systems.