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Chiodini S, Dinelli F, Martinez NF, Donati S, Albonetti C. Identification of ultra-thin molecular layers atop monolayer terraces in sub-monolayer organic films with scanning probe microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 240:113598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Sprodowski C, Morgenstern K. Altering the stability of nanoislands through core-shell supports. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10314-10319. [PMID: 31099811 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We follow the decay of two-dimensional Ag nanoclusters, called islands, on Cu-Ag core-shell supports by variable low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy in the temperature range between 160 and 260 K. We reveal two qualitatively different types of decay mechanisms, either linear in time, indicative of an interface-limited decay, or non-linear in time, indicative of diffusion-limited decay. In contrast to conventional decay on monometallic supports, the decay exponent of the diffusion-limited decay depends on temperature; it varies by one order of magnitude. Moreover, the decay rate decreases with increasing temperature. This unusual behaviour is traced back to the temperature-dependent shell of the core-shell support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Sprodowski
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Appelstr. 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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Han Y, Evans JW. Directing Anisotropic Assembly of Metallic Nanoclusters by Exploiting Linear Trio Interactions and Quantum Size Effects: Au Chains on Ag(100) Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2194-2199. [PMID: 26266591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Discovery and understanding of mechanisms for kinetically controlled growth of metal nanoclusters can be enabled by realistic atomistic-level modeling with ab initio kinetics. KMC simulation of such a model for Au deposition on Ag(100) films reveals the formation of single-atom-wide Au chains below 275 K, even though 2D islands are thermodynamically preferred. Chain formation is shown to reflect a combination of strong linear trio attractions guiding assembly and a weak driving force and slow rate of transformation of 1D chains to 2D islands (or sometimes irreversible rounding of adatoms from chain sides to ends). Behavior can also be tuned by quantum size effects: chain formation predominates on 2-monolayer Ag(100) films supported on NiAl(100) at 250 K for low coverages but not on 1- or 3-monolayer films, and longer chains form than on bulk Ag(100). Our predictive kinetic modeling shows the potential for simulation-guided discovery and analysis of novel self-assembly processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - James W Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory-U.S. Department of Energy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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Han Y, Liu DJ, Evans JW. Real-time ab initio KMC simulation of the self-assembly and sintering of bimetallic epitaxial nanoclusters: Au + Ag on Ag(100). NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:4646-4652. [PMID: 24959695 DOI: 10.1021/nl5017128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Far-from-equilibrium shape and structure evolution during formation and post-assembly sintering of bimetallic nanoclusters is extremely sensitive to the periphery diffusion and intermixing kinetics. Precise characterization of the many distinct local-environment-dependent diffusion barriers is achieved for epitaxial nanoclusters using density functional theory to assess interaction energies both with atoms at adsorption sites and at transition states. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation incorporating these barriers then captures structure evolution on the appropriate time scale for two-dimensional core-ring and intermixed Au-Ag nanoclusters on Ag(100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and ‡Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory - USDOE, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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San-Miguel MA, Amorim EPM, da Silva EZ. Adsorption of Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au monomers on NiAl(110) surface: a comparative study from DFT calculations. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5748-55. [PMID: 24219765 DOI: 10.1021/jp405877k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
First principles calculations based on periodic density functional theory (DFT) have been used to investigate the structural, energetic and electronic properties of different transition metal atoms (Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au) on the NiAl(110) surface at low coverages (0.08 and 0.25 monolayer). All adatoms prefer to adsorb on 4-fold coordinated sites interacting with two Al and two Ni atoms and forming polar and covalent bonds, respectively. The calculated negative work function changes are explained by the effect of positive surface image created after adsorption, which induces the polarization of the negatively charged adsorbates. Consequently, for metals with similar electronegativity as Ni (Ag and Cu), this polarization effect becomes more significant and leads to larger negative work function changes, but the charge transferred is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A San-Miguel
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Seville , E41012 Seville, Spain
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Han Y, Ünal B, Jing D, Thiel PA, Evans JW. Temperature-dependent growth shapes of Ni nanoclusters on NiAl(110). J Chem Phys 2011; 135:084706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3626581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Deposition of metals on binary alloy surfaces offers new possibilities for guiding the formation of functional metal nanostructures. This idea is explored with scanning tunneling microscopy studies and atomistic-level analysis and modeling of nonequilibrium island formation. For Au/NiAl(110), complex monolayer structures are found and compared with the simple fcc(110) bilayer structure recently observed for Ag/NiAl(110). We also consider a more complex codeposition system, (Ni + Al)/NiAl(110), which offers the opportunity for fundamental studies of self-growth of alloys including deviations for equilibrium ordering. A general multisite lattice-gas model framework enables analysis of structure selection and morphological evolution in these systems.
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Han Y, Ünal B, Jing D, Thiel PA, Evans JW, Liu DJ. Nanoscale "Quantum" Islands on Metal Substrates: Microscopy Studies and Electronic Structure Analyses. MATERIALS 2010; 3:3965-3993. [PMID: 28883318 PMCID: PMC5445798 DOI: 10.3390/ma3073965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Confinement of electrons can occur in metal islands or in continuous films grown heteroepitaxially upon a substrate of a different metal or on a metallic alloy. Associated quantum size effects (QSE) can produce a significant height-dependence of the surface free energy for nanoscale thicknesses of up to 10–20 layers. This may suffice to induce height selection during film growth. Scanning STM analysis has revealed remarkable flat-topped or mesa-like island and film morphologies in various systems. We discuss in detail observations of QSE and associated film growth behavior for Pb/Cu(111), Ag/Fe(100), and Cu/fcc-Fe/Cu(100) [A/B or A/B/A], and for Ag/NiAl(110) with brief comments offered for Fe/Cu3Au(001) [A/BC binary alloys]. We also describe these issues for Ag/5-fold i-Al-Pd-Mn and Bi/5-fold i-Al-Cu-Fe [A/BCD ternary icosohedral quasicrystals]. Electronic structure theory analysis, either at the level of simple free electron gas models or more sophisticated Density Functional Theory calculations, can provide insight into the QSE-mediated thermodynamic driving force underlying height selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Institute of Physical Research & Technology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Bariş Ünal
- Ames Laboratory, Departments of Materials Science & Engineering and Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Dapeng Jing
- Ames Laboratory, Departments of Materials Science & Engineering and Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Patricia A Thiel
- Ames Laboratory, Departments of Materials Science & Engineering and Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - James W Evans
- Ames Laboratory, Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Da-Jiang Liu
- Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Xu Z, Ni J. CoAl(001) surface structures: a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:445005. [PMID: 21832464 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/44/445005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The growth processes of CoAl(001) films are studied by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations (KMC) combined with first principle calculations. The calculation results show that (i) for stoichiometric CoAl(001) films, the surface is occupied by pure Al; (ii) for Co slightly enriched films, the Co anti-sites segregate on the surface with a c(2 × 2) short range order; (iii) there is a peak value for the number of Co anti-sites on the surface with a change of temperature. At high temperature, the number of anti-sites c(Co)(s) on the surface is low because of the entropy effect. At low temperature, c(Co)(s) is also low because of the frozen effect. These results are in agreement with experiments, which means that the kinetic effects are important to the surface structures of CoAl(001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Xu
- Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Atomic and Molecular Nanoscience (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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Unal B, Fournée V, Thiel PA, Evans JW. Structure and growth of height-selected Ag islands on fivefold i-AlPdMn quasicrystalline surfaces: STM analysis and step dynamics modeling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:196103. [PMID: 19518978 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.196103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development and local structure of height-selected 3-layer Ag islands on fivefold surfaces of icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals is characterized by STM for Ag deposition at 365 K. Heterogeneous nucleation of pseudomorphic single layer high islands is followed by rapid formation of 2nd and 3rd layers and subsequent lateral spreading, where each of these 3 layers consists of a family of nonfcc structures. The behavior is elucidated by step dynamics modeling incorporating strain buildup for larger islands, enhanced binding in higher layers, and height selection due to quantum size effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariş Unal
- Departments of Materials Science & Engineering, Chemistry, and Mathematics, and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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