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Chafatinos DL, Kuznetsov AS, Reynoso AA, Usaj G, Sesin P, Papuccio I, Bruchhausen AE, Biermann K, Santos PV, Fainstein A. Asynchronous locking in metamaterials of fluids of light and sound. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3485. [PMID: 37336923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lattices of exciton-polariton condensates represent an attractive platform for the study and implementation of non-Hermitian bosonic quantum systems with strong non-linear interactions. The possibility to actuate on them with a time dependent drive could provide for example the means to induce resonant inter-level transitions, or to perform Floquet engineering or Landau-Zener-Stückelberg state preparation. Here, we introduce polaromechanical metamaterials, two-dimensional arrays of μm-sized traps confining zero-dimensional light-matter polariton fluids and GHz phonons. A strong exciton-mediated polariton-phonon interaction induces a time-dependent inter-site polariton coupling J(t) with remarkable consequences for the dynamics. When locally perturbed by continuous wave optical excitation, a mechanical self-oscillation sets-in and polaritons respond by locking the energy detuning between neighbor sites at integer multiples of the phonon energy, evidencing asynchronous locking involving the polariton and phonon fields. These results open the path for the coherent control of dissipative quantum light fluids with hypersound in a scalable platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Chafatinos
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A S Kuznetsov
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A A Reynoso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - G Usaj
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
- TQC, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - P Sesin
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - I Papuccio
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A E Bruchhausen
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - K Biermann
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - P V Santos
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Fainstein
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), 8400, Bariloche, Argentina.
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (INN-Bariloche), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bariloche, Argentina.
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2
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Takemura N, Takata K, Takiguchi M, Notomi M. Emulating the local Kuramoto model with an injection-locked photonic crystal laser array. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8587. [PMID: 33883569 PMCID: PMC8060430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86982-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kuramoto model is a mathematical model for describing the collective synchronization phenomena of coupled oscillators. We theoretically demonstrate that an array of coupled photonic crystal lasers emulates the Kuramoto model with non-delayed nearest-neighbor coupling (the local Kuramoto model). Our novel strategy employs indirect coupling between lasers via additional cold cavities. By installing cold cavities between laser cavities, we avoid the strong coupling of lasers and realize ideal mutual injection-locking with effective non-delayed dissipative coupling. First, after discussing the limit cycle interpretation of laser oscillation, we demonstrate the synchronization of two indirectly coupled lasers by numerically simulating coupled-mode equations. Second, by performing a phase reduction analysis, we show that laser dynamics in the proposed device can be mapped to the local Kuramoto model. Finally, we briefly demonstrate that a chain of indirectly coupled photonic crystal lasers actually emulates the one-dimensional local Kuramoto chain. We also argue that our proposed structure, which consists of periodically aligned cold cavities and laser cavities, will best be realized by using state-of-the-art buried multiple quantum well photonic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotomo Takemura
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan.,NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kenta Takata
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan.,NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan
| | - Masato Takiguchi
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan.,NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan
| | - Masaya Notomi
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan. .,NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0198, Japan.
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3
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Takemura N, Takiguchi M, Notomi M. Designs toward synchronization of optical limit cycles with coupled silicon photonic crystal microcavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27657-27675. [PMID: 32988055 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A driven high-Q Si microcavity is known to exhibit limit cycle oscillation originating from carrier-induced and thermo-optic nonlinearities. We propose a novel nanophotonic device to realize synchronized optical limit cycle oscillations with coupled silicon (Si) photonic crystal (PhC) microcavities. Here, coupled limit cycle oscillators are realized by using coherently coupled Si PhC microcavities. By simulating coupled-mode equations, we theoretically demonstrate mutual synchronization (entrainment) of two limit cycles induced by coherent coupling. Furthermore, we interpret the numerically simulated synchronization in the framework of phase description. Since our proposed design is perfectly compatible with current silicon photonics fabrication processes, the synchronization of optical limit cycle oscillations will be implemented in future silicon photonic circuits.
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Klembt S, Stepanov P, Klein T, Minguzzi A, Richard M. Thermal Decoherence of a Nonequilibrium Polariton Fluid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:035301. [PMID: 29400531 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons constitute a unique realization of a quantum fluid interacting with its environment. Using selenide-based microcavities, we exploit this feature to warm up a polariton condensate in a controlled way and monitor its spatial coherence. We determine directly the amount of heat picked up by the condensate by measuring the phonon-polariton scattering rate and comparing it with the loss rate. We find that, upon increasing the heating rate, the spatial coherence length decreases markedly, while localized phase structures vanish, in good agreement with a stochastic mean-field theory. From the thermodynamical point of view, this regime is unique, as it involves a nonequilibrium quantum fluid with no well-defined temperature but which is nevertheless able to pick up heat with dramatic effects on the order parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klembt
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Petr Stepanov
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thorsten Klein
- University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334 Bremen, Germany
| | - Anna Minguzzi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Richard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Ballarini D, Caputo D, Muñoz CS, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Szymańska MH, West K, Pfeiffer LN, Gigli G, Laussy FP, Sanvitto D. Macroscopic Two-Dimensional Polariton Condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:215301. [PMID: 28598653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.215301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a record-size, two-dimensional polariton condensate of a fraction of a millimeter radius free from the presence of an exciton reservoir. This macroscopically occupied state is formed by the ballistically expanding polariton flow that relaxes and condenses over a large area outside of the excitation spot. The density of this trap-free condensate is <1 polariton/μm^{2}, reducing the phase noise induced by the interaction energy. Moreover, the backflow effect, recently predicted for the nonparabolic polariton dispersion, is observed here for the first time in the fast-expanding wave packet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Caputo
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marzena H Szymańska
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth West
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Loren N Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrice P Laussy
- University of Wolverhampton, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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6
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Pieczarka M, Syperek M, Dusanowski Ł, Misiewicz J, Langer F, Forchel A, Kamp M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Kavokin A, Sęk G. Ghost Branch Photoluminescence From a Polariton Fluid Under Nonresonant Excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:186401. [PMID: 26565478 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.186401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An expanding polariton condensate is investigated under pulsed nonresonant excitation with a small laser pump spot. Far above the condensation threshold we observe a pronounced increase in the dispersion curvature, with a subsequent linearization of the spectrum and strong luminescence from a ghost branch orthogonally polarized with respect to the linearly polarized condensate emission. Polarization of both branches is understood in terms of spin-dependent polariton-polariton scattering. The presence of the ghost branch has been confirmed in time-resolved measurements. The effects of disorder and dissipation in the photoluminescence of polariton condensates and their excitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Pieczarka
- Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Syperek
- Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dusanowski
- Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Misiewicz
- Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Fabian Langer
- Technische Physik, University of Würzburg and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Forchel
- Technische Physik, University of Würzburg and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kamp
- Technische Physik, University of Würzburg and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, University of Würzburg and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, University of Würzburg and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Spin Optics Laboratory, Saint Petersburg State University, 1 Ulianovskaya, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Physics and Astronomy School, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Sęk
- Laboratory for Optical Spectroscopy of Nanostructures, Department of Experimental Physics, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Daskalakis KS, Maier SA, Kéna-Cohen S. Spatial Coherence and Stability in a Disordered Organic Polariton Condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:035301. [PMID: 26230799 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.035301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although only a handful of organic materials have shown polariton condensation, their study is rapidly becoming more accessible. The spontaneous appearance of long-range spatial coherence is often recognized as a defining feature of such condensates. In this Letter, we study the emergence of spatial coherence in an organic microcavity and demonstrate a number of unique features stemming from the peculiarities of this material set. Despite its disordered nature, we find that correlations extend over the entire spot size, and we measure g(1)(r,r') values of nearly unity at short distances and of 50% for points separated by nearly 10 μm . We show that for large spots, strong shot-to-shot fluctuations emerge as varying phase gradients and defects, including the spontaneous formation of vortices. These are consistent with the presence of modulation instabilities. Furthermore, we find that measurements with flat-top spots are significantly influenced by disorder and can, in some cases, lead to the formation of mutually incoherent localized condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Daskalakis
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S A Maier
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Kéna-Cohen
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
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Rayanov K, Altshuler BL, Rubo YG, Flach S. Frequency combs with weakly lasing exciton-polariton condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:193901. [PMID: 26024173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.193901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We predict the spontaneous modulated emission from a pair of exciton-polariton condensates due to coherent (Josephson) and dissipative coupling. We show that strong polariton-polariton interaction generates complex dynamics in the weak-lasing domain way beyond Hopf bifurcations. As a result, the exciton-polariton condensates exhibit self-induced oscillations and emit an equidistant frequency comb light spectrum. A plethora of possible emission spectra with asymmetric peak distributions appears due to spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry. The lasing dynamics is affected by the shot noise arising from the influx of polaritons. That results in a complex inhomogeneous line broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rayanov
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Massey University, 0745 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B L Altshuler
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Massey University, 0745 Auckland, New Zealand
- Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Y G Rubo
- Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Temixco, Morelos 62580, Mexico
| | - S Flach
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, Massey University, 0745 Auckland, New Zealand
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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9
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Hermoso de Mendoza I, Pachón LA, Gómez-Gardeñes J, Zueco D. Synchronization in a semiclassical Kuramoto model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:052904. [PMID: 25493855 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.052904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Synchronization is a ubiquitous phenomenon occurring in social, biological, and technological systems when the internal rythms of their constituents are adapted to be in unison as a result of their coupling. This natural tendency towards dynamical consensus has spurred a large body of theoretical and experimental research in recent decades. The Kuramoto model constitutes the most studied and paradigmatic framework in which to study synchronization. In particular, it shows how synchronization appears as a phase transition from a dynamically disordered state at some critical value for the coupling strength between the interacting units. The critical properties of the synchronization transition of this model have been widely studied and many variants of its formulations have been considered to address different physical realizations. However, the Kuramoto model has been studied only within the domain of classical dynamics, thus neglecting its applications for the study of quantum synchronization phenomena. Based on a system-bath approach and within the Feynman path-integral formalism, we derive equations for the Kuramoto model by taking into account the first quantum fluctuations. We also analyze its critical properties, the main result being the derivation of the value for the synchronization onset. This critical coupling increases its value as quantumness increases, as a consequence of the possibility of tunneling that quantum fluctuations provide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo A Pachón
- Grupo de Física Atómica y Molecular, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA; Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jesús Gómez-Gardeñes
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David Zueco
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50012 Zaragoza, Spain and Fundación ARAID, Paseo María Agustín 36, E-50004 Zaragoza, Spain
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10
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Plumhof JD, Stöferle T, Mai L, Scherf U, Mahrt RF. Room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation of cavity exciton-polaritons in a polymer. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:247-52. [PMID: 24317189 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter in which extensive collective coherence leads to intriguing macroscopic quantum phenomena. In crystalline semiconductor microcavities, bosonic quasiparticles, known as exciton-polaritons, can be created through strong coupling between bound electron-hole pairs and the photon field. Recently, a non-equilibrium BEC (ref. ) and superfluidity have been demonstrated in such structures. With organic crystals grown inside dielectric microcavities, signatures of polariton lasing have been observed. However, owing to the deleterious effects of disorder and material imperfection on the condensed phase, only crystalline materials of the highest quality have been used until now. Here we demonstrate non-equilibrium BEC of exciton-polaritons in a polymer-filled microcavity at room temperature. We observe thermalization of polaritons and, above a critical excitation density, clear evidence of condensation at zero in-plane momentum, namely nonlinear behaviour, blueshifted emission and long-range coherence. The key signatures distinguishing the behaviour from conventional photon lasing are presented. As no crystal growth is involved, our approach radically reduces the complexity of experiments to investigate BEC physics and paves the way for a new generation of opto-electronic devices, taking advantage of the processability and flexibility of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes D Plumhof
- 1] IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon 8803, Switzerland [2]
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon 8803, Switzerland
| | - Lijian Mai
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon 8803, Switzerland
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Rainer F Mahrt
- IBM Research-Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon 8803, Switzerland
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11
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Tosi G, Christmann G, Berloff N, Tsotsis P, Gao T, Hatzopoulos Z, Savvidis P, Baumberg J. Geometrically locked vortex lattices in semiconductor quantum fluids. Nat Commun 2012; 3:1243. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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12
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Fröhlich Condensate: Emergence of Synergetic Dissipative Structures in Information Processing Biological and Condensed Matter Systems. INFORMATION 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/info3040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Manni F, Lagoudakis KG, Liew TCH, André R, Deveaud-Plédran B. Spontaneous pattern formation in a polariton condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:106401. [PMID: 21981515 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polariton condensation can be regarded as a self-organization phenomenon, where phase ordering is established among particles in the system. In such condensed systems, further ordering can occur in the particle density distribution, under particular experimental conditions. In this work we report on spontaneous pattern formation in a polariton condensate under nonresonant optical pumping. The slightly elliptical ring-shaped excitation laser that we employ forces condensation to occur into a single-energy state with periodic boundary conditions, giving rise to a multilobe standing-wave patterned state.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Manni
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Manni F, Lagoudakis KG, Pietka B, Fontanesi L, Wouters M, Savona V, André R, Deveaud-Plédran B. Polariton condensation in a one-dimensional disordered potential. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:176401. [PMID: 21635053 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.176401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the coherence and density modulation of a nonequilibrium exciton-polariton condensate in a one-dimensional valley with disorder. By means of interferometric measurements we evidence a modulation of the first-order coherence function and we relate it to a disorder-induced modulation of the condensate density, that increases as the pump power is increased. The nonmonotonic spatial coherence function is found to be the result of the strong nonequilibrium character of the one-dimensional system, in the presence of disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Manni
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wouters M, Carusotto I. Superfluidity and critical velocities in nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:020602. [PMID: 20867695 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.020602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the superfluidity properties of a nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein condensate of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity under incoherent pumping. The dynamics of the condensate is described at mean-field level in terms of a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The drag force on a small moving object and the onset of fringes in the density profile are shown to have a sharp threshold as a function of the velocity; a generalized Landau criterion is developed to explain this behavior in terms of the dispersion of elementary excitations. Metastability of supercurrents in multiply-connected geometries is shown to persist up to higher flow speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Wouters
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Nardin G, Lagoudakis KG, Wouters M, Richard M, Baas A, André R, Dang LS, Pietka B, Deveaud-Plédran B. Dynamics of long-range ordering in an exciton-polariton condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:256402. [PMID: 20366268 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.256402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on time-resolved measurements of the first order spatial coherence in an exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensate. Long-range spatial coherence is found to set in right at the onset of stimulated scattering, on a picosecond time scale. The coherence reaches its maximum value after the population and decays slowly, staying up to a few hundred picoseconds. This behavior can be qualitatively reproduced, using a stochastic classical field model describing interaction between the polariton condensate and the exciton reservoir within a disordered potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nardin
- IPEQ, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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