1
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Steindl P, Snijders H, Westra G, Hissink E, Iakovlev K, Polla S, Frey JA, Norman J, Gossard AC, Bowers JE, Bouwmeester D, Löffler W. Artificial Coherent States of Light by Multiphoton Interference in a Single-Photon Stream. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:143601. [PMID: 33891441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent optical states consist of a quantum superposition of different photon number (Fock) states, but because they do not form an orthogonal basis, no photon number states can be obtained from it by linear optics. Here we demonstrate the reverse, by manipulating a random continuous single-photon stream using quantum interference in an optical Sagnac loop, we create engineered quantum states of light with tunable photon statistics, including approximate weak coherent states. We demonstrate this experimentally using a true single-photon stream produced by a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical microcavity, and show that we can obtain light with g^{(2)}(0)→1 in agreement with our theory, which can only be explained by quantum interference of at least 3 photons. The produced artificial light states are, however, much more complex than coherent states, containing quantum entanglement of photons, making them a resource for multiphoton entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Steindl
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - H Snijders
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - G Westra
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - E Hissink
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - K Iakovlev
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Polla
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J A Frey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Norman
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A C Gossard
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J E Bowers
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - D Bouwmeester
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - W Löffler
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
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2
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Schnauber P, Singh A, Schall J, Park SI, Song JD, Rodt S, Srinivasan K, Reitzenstein S, Davanco M. Indistinguishable Photons from Deterministically Integrated Single Quantum Dots in Heterogeneous GaAs/Si 3N 4 Quantum Photonic Circuits. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7164-7172. [PMID: 31470692 PMCID: PMC7020556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonics enables scaling of quantum photonic systems by allowing the creation of extensive, low-loss, reconfigurable networks linking various functional on-chip elements. Inclusion of single quantum emitters onto photonic circuits, acting as on-demand sources of indistinguishable photons or single-photon nonlinearities, may enable large-scale chip-based quantum photonic circuits and networks. Toward this, we use low-temperature in situ electron-beam lithography to deterministically produce hybrid GaAs/Si3N4 photonic devices containing single InAs quantum dots precisely located inside nanophotonic structures, which act as efficient, Si3N4 waveguide-coupled on-chip, on-demand single-photon sources. The precise positioning afforded by our scalable fabrication method furthermore allows observation of postselected indistinguishable photons. This indicates a promising path toward significant scaling of chip-based quantum photonics, enabled by large fluxes of indistinguishable single-photons produced on-demand, directly on-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schnauber
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Anshuman Singh
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Maryland NanoCenter , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Johannes Schall
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Suk In Park
- Center for Optoelectronic Convergence Systems , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Jin Dong Song
- Center for Optoelectronic Convergence Systems , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 South Korea
| | - Sven Rodt
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Joint Quantum Institute , NIST/University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Technische Universität Berlin , Berlin 10623 , Germany
| | - Marcelo Davanco
- National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
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3
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A bright triggered twin-photon source in the solid state. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14870. [PMID: 28367950 PMCID: PMC5382261 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A non-classical light source emitting pairs of identical photons represents a versatile resource of interdisciplinary importance with applications in quantum optics and quantum biology. To date, photon twins have mostly been generated using parametric downconversion sources, relying on Poissonian number distributions, or atoms, exhibiting low emission rates. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate the efficient, triggered generation of photon twins using the energy-degenerate biexciton-exciton radiative cascade of a single semiconductor quantum dot. Deterministically integrated within a microlens, this nanostructure emits highly correlated photon pairs, degenerate in energy and polarization, at a rate of up to (234±4) kHz. Furthermore, we verify a significant degree of photon indistinguishability and directly observe twin-photon emission by employing photon-number-resolving detectors, which enables the reconstruction of the emitted photon number distribution. Our work represents an important step towards the realization of efficient sources of twin-photon states on a fully scalable technology platform.
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4
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Malein RNE, Santana TS, Zajac JM, Dada AC, Gauger EM, Petroff PM, Lim JY, Song JD, Gerardot BD. Screening Nuclear Field Fluctuations in Quantum Dots for Indistinguishable Photon Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:257401. [PMID: 27391751 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.257401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A semiconductor quantum dot can generate highly coherent and indistinguishable single photons. However, intrinsic semiconductor dephasing mechanisms can reduce the visibility of two-photon interference. For an electron in a quantum dot, a fundamental dephasing process is the hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spin bath. Here, we directly probe the consequence of the fluctuating nuclear spins on the elastic and inelastic scattered photon spectra from a resident electron in a single dot. We find the in-plane component of the nuclear Overhauser field leads to detuned Raman scattered photons, broadened over experimental time scales by field fluctuations, which are distinguishable from both the elastic and incoherent components of the resonance fluorescence. This significantly reduces two-photon interference visibility. However, we demonstrate successful screening of the nuclear spin noise, which enables the generation of coherent single photons that exhibit high visibility two-photon interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N E Malein
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - T S Santana
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - J M Zajac
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - A C Dada
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - E M Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - P M Petroff
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Y Lim
- Center for Opto-Electronic Convergence Systems, KIST, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - J D Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Convergence Systems, KIST, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - B D Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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5
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Nazir A, McCutcheon DPS. Modelling exciton-phonon interactions in optically driven quantum dots. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:103002. [PMID: 26882465 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/10/103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We provide a self-contained review of master equation approaches to modelling phonon effects in optically driven self-assembled quantum dots. Coupling of the (quasi) two-level excitonic system to phonons leads to dissipation and dephasing, the rates of which depend on the excitation conditions, intrinsic properties of the QD sample, and its temperature. We describe several techniques, which include weak-coupling master equations that are perturbative in the exciton-phonon coupling, as well as those based on the polaron transformation that can remain valid for strong phonon interactions. We additionally consider the role of phonons in altering the optical emission characteristics of quantum dot devices, outlining how we must modify standard quantum optics treatments to account for the presence of the solid-state environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Nazir
- Photon Science Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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6
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Thoma A, Schnauber P, Gschrey M, Seifried M, Wolters J, Schulze JH, Strittmatter A, Rodt S, Carmele A, Knorr A, Heindel T, Reitzenstein S. Exploring Dephasing of a Solid-State Quantum Emitter via Time- and Temperature-Dependent Hong-Ou-Mandel Experiments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:033601. [PMID: 26849594 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.033601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We probe the indistinguishability of photons emitted by a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) via time- and temperature-dependent two-photon interference (TPI) experiments. An increase in temporal separation between consecutive photon emission events reveals a decrease in TPI visibility on a nanosecond time scale, theoretically described by a non-Markovian noise process in agreement with fluctuating charge traps in the QD's vicinity. Phonon-induced pure dephasing results in a decrease in TPI visibility from (96±4)% at 10 K to a vanishing visibility at 40 K. In contrast to Michelson-type measurements, our experiments provide direct access to the time-dependent coherence of a quantum emitter on a nanosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thoma
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Schnauber
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gschrey
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Seifried
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Wolters
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - J-H Schulze
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Strittmatter
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Rodt
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Carmele
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Knorr
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Heindel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Reitzenstein
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Proux R, Maragkou M, Baudin E, Voisin C, Roussignol P, Diederichs C. Measuring the photon coalescence time window in the continuous-wave regime for resonantly driven semiconductor quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:067401. [PMID: 25723243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.067401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We revisit Mandel's notion that the degree of coherence equals the degree of indistinguishability by performing Hong-Ou-Mandel- (HOM-)type interferometry with single photons elastically scattered by a cw resonantly driven excitonic transition of an InAs/GaAs epitaxial quantum dot. We present a comprehensive study of the temporal profile of the photon coalescence phenomenon which shows that photon indistinguishability can be tuned by the excitation laser source, in the same way as their coherence time. A new figure of merit, the coalescence time window, is introduced to quantify the delay below which two photons are indistinguishable. This criterion sheds new light on the interpretation of HOM experiments under cw excitation, particularly when photon coherence times are longer than the temporal resolution of the detectors. The photon indistinguishability is extended over unprecedented time scales beyond the detectors' response time, thus opening new perspectives to conducting quantum optics with single photons and conventional detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Proux
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Maria Maragkou
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Emmanuel Baudin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christophe Voisin
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Philippe Roussignol
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Carole Diederichs
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, École Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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8
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He Y, He YM, Wei YJ, Jiang X, Chen MC, Xiong FL, Zhao Y, Schneider C, Kamp M, Höfling S, Lu CY, Pan JW. Indistinguishable tunable single photons emitted by spin-flip Raman transitions in InGaAs quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:237403. [PMID: 24476302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.237403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports all-optically tunable and highly indistinguishable single Raman photons from a driven single quantum dot spin. The frequency, linewidth, and lifetime of the Raman photons are tunable by varying the driving field power and detuning. Under continuous-wave excitation, subnatural linewidth single photons from off-resonant Raman scattering show an indistinguishability of 0.98(3). Under π pulse excitation, spin- and time-tagged Raman fluorescence photons show an almost vanishing multiphoton emission probability of 0.01(2) and a two-photon quantum interference visibility of 0.95(3). Lastly, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference is demonstrated between two single photons emitted from remote, independent quantum dots with an unprecedented visibility of 0.87(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Y-J Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - X Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - M-C Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - F-L Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kamp
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China and Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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9
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He YM, He Y, Wei YJ, Wu D, Atatüre M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Kamp M, Lu CY, Pan JW. On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:213-217. [PMID: 23377455 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots offer distinct advantages for quantum information, including a scalable solid-state platform, ultrabrightness and interconnectivity with matter qubits. A key prerequisite for their use in optical quantum computing and solid-state networks is a high level of efficiency and indistinguishability. Pulsed resonance fluorescence has been anticipated as the optimum condition for the deterministic generation of high-quality photons with vanishing effects of dephasing. Here, we generate pulsed single photons on demand from a single, microcavity-embedded quantum dot under s-shell excitation with 3 ps laser pulses. The π pulse-excited resonance-fluorescence photons have less than 0.3% background contribution and a vanishing two-photon emission probability. Non-postselective Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two successively emitted photons is observed with a visibility of 0.97(2), comparable to trapped atoms and ions. Two single photons are further used to implement a high-fidelity quantum controlled-NOT gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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10
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Ates S, Agha I, Gulinatti A, Rech I, Rakher MT, Badolato A, Srinivasan K. Two-photon interference using background-free quantum frequency conversion of single photons emitted by an InAs quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:147405. [PMID: 23083286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.147405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We show that quantum frequency conversion (QFC) can overcome the spectral distinguishability common to inhomogeneously broadened solid-state quantum emitters. QFC is implemented by combining single photons from an InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) at 980 nm with a 1550 nm pump laser in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide to generate photons at 600 nm with a signal-to-background ratio exceeding 100:1. Photon correlation and two-photon interference measurements confirm that both the single photon character and wave packet interference of individual QD states are preserved during frequency conversion. Finally, we convert two spectrally separate QD transitions to the same wavelength in a single PPLN waveguide and show that the resulting field exhibits nonclassical two-photon interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Ates
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
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11
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Stevenson RM, Salter CL, Nilsson J, Bennett AJ, Ward MB, Farrer I, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. Indistinguishable entangled photons generated by a light-emitting diode. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:040503. [PMID: 22400818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A linear optical quantum computer relies on interference between photonic qubits for logic, and entanglement for near-deterministic operation. Here we measure the interference and entanglement properties of photons emitted by a quantum dot embedded within a light-emitting diode. We show that pairs of simultaneously generated photons are entangled, and indistinguishable from subsequently generated photons. We measure entanglement fidelity of 0.87 and two-photon-interference visibility of 0.60 ± 0.05. The visibility, limited by detector jitter, could be improved by optical cavity designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Stevenson
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Robledo L, Bernien H, van Weperen I, Hanson R. Control and coherence of the optical transition of single nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:177403. [PMID: 21231079 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.177403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate coherent control of the optical transition of single nitrogen-vacancy defect centers in diamond. On applying short resonant laser pulses, we observe optical Rabi oscillations with a half period as short as 1 ns, an order of magnitude shorter than the spontaneous emission time. By studying the decay of Rabi oscillations, we find that the decoherence is dominated by laser-induced spectral jumps. By using a low-power probe pulse as a detuning sensor and applying postselection, we demonstrate that spectral diffusion can be overcome in this system to generate coherent photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Robledo
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
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13
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Gregersen N, Nielsen TR, Mørk J, Claudon J, Gérard JM. Designs for high-efficiency electrically pumped photonic nanowire single-photon sources. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:21204-21218. [PMID: 20941017 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.021204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze three electrically-pumped nanowire single-photon source structures, which achieve output efficiencies of more than 80%. These structures are based on a quantum dot embedded in a photonic nanowire with carefully tailored ends and optimized contact electrodes. Contrary to conventional cavity-based sources, this non-resonant approach provides broadband spontaneous emission control and features an improved fabrication tolerance towards surface roughness and imperfections. Using an element-splitting approach, we analyze the various building blocks of the designs with respect to realistic variations of the experimental fabrication parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Gregersen
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 343, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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14
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Patel RB, Bennett AJ, Cooper K, Atkinson P, Nicoll CA, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. Quantum interference of electrically generated single photons from a quantum dot. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:274011. [PMID: 20571198 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/27/274011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum interference lies at the foundation of many protocols for scalable quantum computing and communication with linear optics. To observe these effects the light source must emit photons that are indistinguishable. From a technological standpoint, it would be beneficial to have electrical control over the emission. Here we report of an electrically driven single-photon source emitting indistinguishable photons. The device consists of a layer of InAs quantum dots embedded in the intrinsic region of a p-i-n diode. Indistinguishability of consecutive photons is tested in a two-photon interference experiment under two modes of operation, continuous and pulsed current injection. We also present a complete theory based on the interference of photons with a Lorentzian spectrum which we compare to both our continuous wave and pulsed experiments. In the former case, a visibility was measured limited only by the timing resolution of our detection system. In the case of pulsed injection, we employ a two-pulse voltage sequence which suppresses multi-photon emission and allows us to carry out temporal filtering of photons which have undergone dephasing. The characteristic Hong-Ou-Mandel 'dip' is measured, resulting in a visibility of 64 +/- 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj B Patel
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, Cambridge Research Laboratory, 208 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, UK
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Flagg EB, Muller A, Polyakov SV, Ling A, Migdall A, Solomon GS. Interference of single photons from two separate semiconductor quantum dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:137401. [PMID: 20481912 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate and characterize interference between discrete photons emitted by two separate semiconductor quantum dot states in different samples excited by a pulsed laser. Their energies are tuned into resonance using strain. The photons have a total coalescence probability of 18.1% and the coincidence rate is below the classical limit. Postselection of coincidences within a narrow time window increases the coalescence probability to 47%. The probabilities are reduced from unity because of dephasing and the postselection value is also reduced by the detector time response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Flagg
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology & University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.
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Ates S, Ulrich SM, Reitzenstein S, Löffler A, Forchel A, Michler P. Post-selected indistinguishable photons from the resonance fluorescence of a single quantum dot in a microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:167402. [PMID: 19905722 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.167402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Applying continuous-wave pure resonant s-shell optical excitation of individual quantum dots in a high-quality micropillar cavity, we demonstrate the generation of post-selected indistinguishable photons in resonance fluorescence. Close to ideal visibility contrast of 90% is verified by polarization-dependent Hong-Ou-Mandel two-photon interference measurements. Furthermore, a strictly resonant continuous-wave excitation together with controlling the spontaneous emission lifetime of the single quantum dots via tunable emitter-mode coupling (Purcell) is proven as a versatile scheme to generate close to Fourier transform-limited (T2/(2T1)=0.91) single photons even at 80% of the emission saturation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ates
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Sanaka K, Pawlis A, Ladd TD, Lischka K, Yamamoto Y. Indistinguishable photons from independent semiconductor nanostructures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:053601. [PMID: 19792497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.053601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate quantum interference between photons generated by the radiative decay processes of excitons that are bound to isolated fluorine donor impurities in ZnSe/ZnMgSe quantum-well nanostructures. The ability to generate single photons from these devices is confirmed by autocorrelation experiments, and the indistinguishability of photons emitted from two independent nanostructures is confirmed via a Hong-Ou-Mandel dip. These results indicate that donor impurities in appropriately engineered semiconductor structures can portray atomlike homogeneity and coherence properties, potentially enabling scalable technologies for future large-scale optical quantum computers and quantum communication networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Sanaka
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4088, USA.
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