1
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Agrawal A, Dixit AV, Roy T, Chakram S, He K, Naik RK, Schuster DI, Chou A. Stimulated Emission of Signal Photons from Dark Matter Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:140801. [PMID: 38640371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.140801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The manipulation of quantum states of light has resulted in significant advancements in both dark matter searches and gravitational wave detectors. Current dark matter searches operating in the microwave frequency range use nearly quantum-limited amplifiers. Future high frequency searches will use photon counting techniques to evade the standard quantum limit. We present a signal enhancement technique that utilizes a superconducting qubit to prepare a superconducting microwave cavity in a nonclassical Fock state and stimulate the emission of a photon from a dark matter wave. By initializing the cavity in an |n=4⟩ Fock state, we demonstrate a quantum enhancement technique that increases the signal photon rate and hence also the dark matter scan rate each by a factor of 2.78. Using this technique, we conduct a dark photon search in a band around 5.965 GHz (24.67 μeV), where the kinetic mixing angle ε≥4.35×10^{-13} is excluded at the 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Agrawal
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Akash V Dixit
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Tanay Roy
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Srivatsan Chakram
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kevin He
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ravi K Naik
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David I Schuster
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Chou
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
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2
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Deng J, Dong H, Zhang C, Wu Y, Yuan J, Zhu X, Jin F, Li H, Wang Z, Cai H, Song C, Wang H, You JQ, Wang DW. Observing the quantum topology of light. Science 2022; 378:966-971. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Topological photonics provides a powerful platform to explore topological physics beyond traditional electronic materials and shows promising applications in light transport and lasers. Classical degrees of freedom are routinely used to construct topological light modes in real or synthetic dimensions. Beyond the classical topology, the inherent quantum nature of light provides a wealth of fundamentally distinct topological states. Here we implement experiments on topological states of quantized light in a superconducting circuit, with which one- and two-dimensional Fock-state lattices are constructed. We realize rich topological physics including topological zero-energy states of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, strain-induced pseudo-Landau levels, valley Hall effect, and Haldane chiral edge currents. Our study extends the topological states of light to the quantum regime, bridging topological phases of condensed-matter physics with circuit quantum electrodynamics, and offers a freedom in controlling the quantum states of multiple resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Deng
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chuanyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yaozu Wu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiale Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuhao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feitong Jin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Han Cai
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chao Song
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - H. Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - J. Q. You
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Liu Q, Shen JT. Photonic Fock state generation using superradiance. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4576-4579. [PMID: 36048708 DOI: 10.1364/ol.468481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photonic Fock states are the most basic quantum states of a radiation field, but arbitrary number states are still difficult to produce. Here we propose to use superradiant atoms in a chiral waveguide to generate multi-photon Fock states deterministically. We calculate the explicit forms of the output quantum photonic states and their correlation functions. We further establish the conditions for the output optical fields to approach the Fock states asymptotically.
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4
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Bosco S, Scarlino P, Klinovaja J, Loss D. Fully Tunable Longitudinal Spin-Photon Interactions in Si and Ge Quantum Dots. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:066801. [PMID: 36018647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.066801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spin qubits in silicon and germanium quantum dots are promising platforms for quantum computing, but entangling spin qubits over micrometer distances remains a critical challenge. Current prototypical architectures maximize transversal interactions between qubits and microwave resonators, where the spin state is flipped by nearly resonant photons. However, these interactions cause backaction on the qubit that yields unavoidable residual qubit-qubit couplings and significantly affects the gate fidelity. Strikingly, residual couplings vanish when spin-photon interactions are longitudinal and photons couple to the phase of the qubit. We show that large and tunable spin-photon interactions emerge naturally in state-of-the-art hole spin qubits and that they change from transversal to longitudinal depending on the magnetic field direction. We propose ways to electrically control and measure these interactions, as well as realistic protocols to implement fast high-fidelity two-qubit entangling gates. These protocols work also at high temperatures, paving the way toward the implementation of large-scale quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bosco
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Scarlino
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Klinovaja
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Loss
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Long DM, Crowley PJD, Kollár AJ, Chandran A. Boosting the Quantum State of a Cavity with Floquet Driving. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:183602. [PMID: 35594101 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.183602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The striking nonlinear effects exhibited by cavity QED systems make them a powerful tool in modern condensed matter and atomic physics. A recently discovered example is the quantized pumping of energy into a cavity by a strongly coupled, periodically driven spin. We uncover a remarkable feature of these energy pumps: they coherently translate, or boost, a quantum state of the cavity in the Fock basis. Current optical cavity and circuit QED experiments can realize the required Hamiltonian in a rotating frame. Boosting thus enables the preparation of highly excited nonclassical cavity states in near-term experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Long
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Philip J D Crowley
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alicia J Kollár
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Anushya Chandran
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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6
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Abstract
The extraordinary sensitivity of plasmonic sensors is well-known in the optics and photonics community. These sensors exploit simultaneously the enhancement and the localization of electromagnetic fields close to the interface between a metal and a dielectric. This enables, for example, the design of integrated biochemical sensors at scales far below the diffraction limit. Despite their practical realization and successful commercialization, the sensitivity and associated precision of plasmonic sensors are starting to reach their fundamental classical limit given by quantum fluctuations of light-known as the shot-noise limit. To improve the sensing performance of these sensors beyond the classical limit, quantum resources are increasingly being employed. This area of research has become known as "quantum plasmonic sensing", and it has experienced substantial activity in recent years for applications in chemical and biological sensing. This review aims to cover both plasmonic and quantum techniques for sensing, and it shows how they have been merged to enhance the performance of plasmonic sensors beyond traditional methods. We discuss the general framework developed for quantum plasmonic sensing in recent years, covering the basic theory behind the advancements made, and describe the important works that made these advancements. We also describe several key works in detail, highlighting their motivation, the working principles behind them, and their future impact. The intention of the review is to set a foundation for a burgeoning field of research that is currently being explored out of intellectual curiosity and for a wide range of practical applications in biochemistry, medicine, and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyoup Lee
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Quantum Universe Center, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Lawrie
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Raphael Pooser
- Quantum Information Science Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kwang-Geol Lee
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021Karlsruhe, Germany.,Max Planck School of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mark Tame
- Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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7
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Zhang H, Su QP, Yang CP. Efficient scheme for creating a W-type optical entangled coherent state. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:35622-35635. [PMID: 33379674 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
W-type optical entangled coherent states have important applications in quantum communication. Previous works require performing measurement in the preparation of such W states. We here propose an efficient scheme for creating a W-type optical entangled coherent state without measurement. This scheme employs a setup composed of three microwave cavities and a superconducting flux coupler qutrit. Because no measurement is required, the W state can be generated deterministically. In addition, the system complexity is greatly reduced because of using only one qutrit to couple the three cavities. Numerical analysis shows that within current experimental technology, the W state can be prepared with high fidelity. This scheme is universal and can be extended to create the W-type optical entangled coherent state, by using three microwave or optical cavities coupled via a three-level natural or artificial atom.
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8
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Uria M, Solano P, Hermann-Avigliano C. Deterministic Generation of Large Fock States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:093603. [PMID: 32915610 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a protocol to deterministically prepare the electromagnetic field in a large photon number state. The field starts in a coherent state and, through resonant interaction with one or few two-level systems, it evolves into a coherently displaced Fock state without any postselection. We show the feasibility of the scheme under realistic parameters. The presented method opens a door to reach Fock states, with n∼100 and optimal fidelities above 70%, blurring the line between macroscopic and quantum states of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uria
- Departamento de Física and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics (MIRO), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370448, Chile
| | - P Solano
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Fsicas y Matemticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 160-C, Chile
| | - C Hermann-Avigliano
- Departamento de Física and Millennium Institute for Research in Optics (MIRO), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370448, Chile
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9
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Canela VSC, Carmichael HJ. Bright Sub-Poissonian Light through Intrinsic Feedback and External Control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:063604. [PMID: 32109096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.063604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Balancing nonlinear gain and loss automatically generates sub-Poissonian light, through negative feedback, when the gain is significantly reduced (increased) by the addition (subtraction) of a single photon. We show that micromaser trapping states can provide the necessary feedback in the presence of photon loss and, with the addition of external parametric control, realize a photon number on the order of 100 and a Mandel Q parameter of -0.998, i.e., number squeezing of 27 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S C Canela
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - H J Carmichael
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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10
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Wang Z, Li H, Feng W, Song X, Song C, Liu W, Guo Q, Zhang X, Dong H, Zheng D, Wang H, Wang DW. Controllable Switching between Superradiant and Subradiant States in a 10-qubit Superconducting Circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:013601. [PMID: 31976713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superradiance and subradiance concerning enhanced and inhibited collective radiation of an ensemble of atoms have been a central topic in quantum optics. However, precise generation and control of these states remain challenging. Here we deterministically generate up to 10-qubit superradiant and 8-qubit subradiant states, each containing a single excitation, in a superconducting quantum circuit with multiple qubits interconnected by a cavity resonator. The sqrt[N]-scaling enhancement of the coupling strength between the superradiant states and the cavity is validated. By applying an appropriate phase gate on each qubit, we are able to switch the single collective excitation between superradiant and subradiant states. While the subradiant states containing a single excitation are forbidden from emitting photons, we demonstrate that they can still absorb photons from the resonator. However, for an even number of qubits, a singlet state with half of the qubits being excited can neither emit nor absorb photons, which is verified with 4 qubits. This study is a step forward in coherent control of collective radiation and has promising applications in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chao Song
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wuxin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiujiang Guo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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11
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Maleki Y, Zheltikov AM. A high-N00N output of harmonically driven cavity QED. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16780. [PMID: 31727904 PMCID: PMC6856350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A harmonically driven cavity QED system consisting of two cavities and a two-level qubit is shown to enable the generation of a vast class of maximally entangled states suitable for measurements with a Heisenberg-limit precision. As one of its modalities, this system can serve as a quantum beam splitter, converting an |N〉 ⊗ |0〉 input into a maximally entangled N00N state (|N〉 ⊗ |0〉 + |0〉 ⊗ |N〉)/\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sqrt{{\bf{2}}}$$\end{document}2 at its output. A network of such quantum beam splitters is shown to provide a source of multimode N00N-type entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusef Maleki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-4242, USA.
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-4242, USA.,Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.,Russian Quantum Center, ul. Novaya 100, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, 143025, Russia.,National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskii pr. 4, Moscow, 119049, Russia
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12
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Anderson MD, Tarrago Velez S, Seibold K, Flayac H, Savona V, Sangouard N, Galland C. Two-Color Pump-Probe Measurement of Photonic Quantum Correlations Mediated by a Single Phonon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:233601. [PMID: 29932714 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.233601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate a versatile technique to measure the lifetime of the one-phonon Fock state using two-color pump-probe Raman scattering and spectrally resolved, time-correlated photon counting. Following pulsed laser excitation, the n=1 phonon Fock state is probabilistically prepared by projective measurement of a single Stokes photon. The detection of an anti-Stokes photon generated by a second, time-delayed laser pulse probes the phonon population with subpicosecond time resolution. We observe strongly nonclassical Stokes-anti-Stokes correlations, whose decay maps the single phonon dynamics. Our scheme can be applied to any Raman-active vibrational mode. It can be modified to measure the lifetime of n≥1 Fock states or the phonon quantum coherences through the preparation and detection of two-mode entangled vibrational states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D Anderson
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Tarrago Velez
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kilian Seibold
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Flayac
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Savona
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Sangouard
- Departement Physik, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Galland
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Bolgar AN, Zotova JI, Kirichenko DD, Besedin IS, Semenov AV, Shaikhaidarov RS, Astafiev OV. Quantum Regime of a Two-Dimensional Phonon Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:223603. [PMID: 29906147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.223603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We realize the quantum regime of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator by demonstrating vacuum Rabi mode splitting due to interaction with a superconducting artificial atom. Reaching the quantum regime is physically difficult and technologically challenging since SAW devices consist of large arrays of narrow metal strips. This work paves the way for realizing analogues of quantum optical phenomena with phonons and can be useful in on-chip quantum electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey N Bolgar
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Julia I Zotova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Daniil D Kirichenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Ilia S Besedin
- National University for Science and Technology (MISiS), Leninskiy Pereulok 4, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Aleksander V Semenov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Moscow State Pedagogical University, Malaya Pirogovskaya Street 1/1, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Rais S Shaikhaidarov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg V Astafiev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
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14
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Peropadre B, Guerreschi GG, Huh J, Aspuru-Guzik A. Proposal for Microwave Boson Sampling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:140505. [PMID: 27740779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.140505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Boson sampling, the task of sampling the probability distribution of photons at the output of a photonic network, is believed to be hard for any classical device. Unlike other models of quantum computation that require thousands of qubits to outperform classical computers, boson sampling requires only a handful of single photons. However, a scalable implementation of boson sampling is missing. Here, we show how superconducting circuits provide such platform. Our proposal differs radically from traditional quantum-optical implementations: rather than injecting photons in waveguides, making them pass through optical elements like phase shifters and beam splitters, and finally detecting their output mode, we prepare the required multiphoton input state in a superconducting resonator array, control its dynamics via tunable and dispersive interactions, and measure it with nondemolition techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Peropadre
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Gian Giacomo Guerreschi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Joonsuk Huh
- Mueunjae Institute for Chemistry (MIC), Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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15
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Wang DW, Cai H, Liu RB, Scully MO. Mesoscopic Superposition States Generated by Synthetic Spin-Orbit Interaction in Fock-State Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:220502. [PMID: 27314706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.220502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscopic superposition states of photons can be prepared in three cavities interacting with the same two-level atom. By periodically modulating the three cavity frequencies around the transition frequency of the atom with a 2π/3 phase difference, the time reversal symmetry is broken and an optical circulator is generated with chiralities depending on the quantum state of the atom. A superposition of the atomic states can guide photons from one cavity to a mesoscopic superposition of the other two cavities. The physics can be understood in a finite spin-orbit-coupled Fock-state lattice where the atom and the cavities carry the spin and the orbit degrees of freedom, respectively. This scheme can be realized in circuit QED architectures and provides a new platform for exploring quantum information and topological physics in novel lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Han Cai
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Ren-Bao Liu
- Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Marlan O Scully
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, USA
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16
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Digital quantum simulators in a scalable architecture of hybrid spin-photon qubits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16036. [PMID: 26563516 PMCID: PMC4643341 DOI: 10.1038/srep16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving quantum many-body problems represents one of the greatest challenges in physics and physical chemistry, due to the prohibitively large computational resources that would be required by using classical computers. A solution has been foreseen by directly simulating the time evolution through sequences of quantum gates applied to arrays of qubits, i.e. by implementing a digital quantum simulator. Superconducting circuits and resonators are emerging as an extremely promising platform for quantum computation architectures, but a digital quantum simulator proposal that is straightforwardly scalable, universal, and realizable with state-of-the-art technology is presently lacking. Here we propose a viable scheme to implement a universal quantum simulator with hybrid spin-photon qubits in an array of superconducting resonators, which is intrinsically scalable and allows for local control. As representative examples we consider the transverse-field Ising model, a spin-1 Hamiltonian, and the two-dimensional Hubbard model and we numerically simulate the scheme by including the main sources of decoherence.
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17
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Hua M, Tao MJ, Deng FG, Lu Long G. One-step resonant controlled-phase gate on distant transmon qutrits in different 1D superconducting resonators. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14541. [PMID: 26486426 PMCID: PMC4613593 DOI: 10.1038/srep14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a scheme to construct the controlled-phase (c-phase) gate on distant transmon qutrits hosted in different resonators inter-coupled by a connected transmon qutrit. Different from previous works for entanglement generation and information transfer on two distant qubits in a dispersive regime in the similar systems, our gate is constructed in the resonant regime with one step. The numerical simulation shows that the fidelity of our c-phase gate is 99.5% within 86.3 ns. As an interesting application of our c-phase gate, we propose an effective scheme to complete a conventional square lattice of two-dimensional surface code layout for fault-tolerant quantum computing on the distant transmon qutrits. The four-step coupling between the nearest distant transmon qutrits, small coupling strengths of the distant transmon qutrits, and the non-population on the connection transmon qutrit can reduce the interactions among different parts of the layout effectively, which makes the layout be integrated with a large scale in an easier way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ming-Jie Tao
- Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fu-Guo Deng
- Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gui Lu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Hua M, Tao MJ, Deng FG. Fast universal quantum gates on microwave photons with all-resonance operations in circuit QED. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9274. [PMID: 25787147 PMCID: PMC4365390 DOI: 10.1038/srep09274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stark shift on a superconducting qubit in circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) has been used to construct universal quantum entangling gates on superconducting resonators in previous works. It is a second-order coupling effect between the resonator and the qubit in the dispersive regime, which leads to a slow state-selective rotation on the qubit. Here, we present two proposals to construct the fast universal quantum gates on superconducting resonators in a microwave-photon quantum processor composed of multiple superconducting resonators coupled to a superconducting transmon qutrit, that is, the controlled-phase (c-phase) gate on two microwave-photon resonators and the controlled-controlled phase (cc-phase) gates on three resonators, resorting to quantum resonance operations, without any drive field. Compared with previous works, our universal quantum gates have the higher fidelities and shorter operation times in theory. The numerical simulation shows that the fidelity of our c-phase gate is 99.57% within about 38.1 ns and that of our cc-phase gate is 99.25% within about 73.3 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hua
- Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ming-Jie Tao
- Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fu-Guo Deng
- Department of Physics, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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19
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Peterer MJ, Bader SJ, Jin X, Yan F, Kamal A, Gudmundsen TJ, Leek PJ, Orlando TP, Oliver WD, Gustavsson S. Coherence and decay of higher energy levels of a superconducting transmon qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:010501. [PMID: 25615454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.010501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of coherence and successive decay dynamics of higher energy levels of a superconducting transmon qubit. By applying consecutive π pulses for each sequential transition frequency, we excite the qubit from the ground state up to its fourth excited level and characterize the decay and coherence of each state. We find the decay to proceed mainly sequentially, with relaxation times in excess of 20 μs for all transitions. We also provide a direct measurement of the charge dispersion of these levels by analyzing beating patterns in Ramsey fringes. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using higher levels in transmon qubits for encoding quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Peterer
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Bader
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Jin
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Fei Yan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Archana Kamal
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Peter J Leek
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Terry P Orlando
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - William D Oliver
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, Massachusetts 02420, USA
| | - Simon Gustavsson
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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20
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Sathyamoorthy SR, Tornberg L, Kockum AF, Baragiola BQ, Combes J, Wilson CM, Stace TM, Johansson G. Quantum nondemolition detection of a propagating microwave photon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:093601. [PMID: 24655250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.093601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The ability to nondestructively detect the presence of a single, traveling photon has been a long-standing goal in optics, with applications in quantum information and measurement. Realizing such a detector is complicated by the fact that photon-photon interactions are typically very weak. At microwave frequencies, very strong effective photon-photon interactions in a waveguide have recently been demonstrated. Here we show how this type of interaction can be used to realize a quantum nondemolition measurement of a single propagating microwave photon. The scheme we propose uses a chain of solid-state three-level systems (transmons) cascaded through circulators which suppress photon backscattering. Our theoretical analysis shows that microwave-photon detection with fidelity around 90% can be realized with existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar R Sathyamoorthy
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Tornberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anton F Kockum
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ben Q Baragiola
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - Joshua Combes
- Center for Quantum Information and Control, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - C M Wilson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden and Institute for Quantum Computing and Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2 L 3G1, Canada
| | - Thomas M Stace
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physical Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - G Johansson
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, MC2, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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21
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Su QP, Yang CP, Zheng SB. Fast and simple scheme for generating NOON states of photons in circuit QED. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3898. [PMID: 24469334 PMCID: PMC3904151 DOI: 10.1038/srep03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation, manipulation and fundamental understanding of entanglement lies at very heart of quantum mechanics. Among various types of entangled states, the NOON states are a kind of special quantum entangled states with two orthogonal component states in maximal superposition, which have a wide range of potential applications in quantum communication and quantum information processing. Here, we propose a fast and simple scheme for generating NOON states of photons in two superconducting resonators by using a single superconducting transmon qutrit. Because only one superconducting qutrit and two resonators are used, the experimental setup for this scheme is much simplified when compared with the previous proposals requiring a setup of two superconducting qutrits and three cavities. In addition, this scheme is easier and faster to implement than the previous proposals, which require using a complex microwave pulse, or a small pulse Rabi frequency in order to avoid nonresonant transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Su
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
| | - Chui-Ping Yang
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shi-Biao Zheng
- Department of Physics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
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22
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Carretta S, Chiesa A, Troiani F, Gerace D, Amoretti G, Santini P. Quantum information processing with hybrid spin-photon qubit encoding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:110501. [PMID: 24074061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a scheme to perform quantum information processing that is based on a hybrid spin-photon qubit encoding. The proposed qubits consist of spin ensembles coherently coupled to microwave photons in coplanar waveguide resonators. The quantum gates are performed solely by shifting the resonance frequencies of the resonators on a nanosecond time scale. An additional cavity containing a Cooper-pair box is exploited as an auxiliary degree of freedom to implement two-qubit gates. The generality of the scheme allows its potential implementation with a wide class of spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carretta
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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23
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Shalibo Y, Rofe Y, Barth I, Friedland L, Bialczack R, Martinis JM, Katz N. Quantum and classical chirps in an anharmonic oscillator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:037701. [PMID: 22400784 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.037701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We measure the state dynamics of a tunable anharmonic quantum system, the Josephson phase circuit, under the excitation of a frequency-chirped drive. At small anharmonicity, the state evolves like a wave packet-a characteristic response in classical oscillators; in this regime, we report exponentially enhanced lifetimes of highly excited states, held by the drive. At large anharmonicity, we observe sharp steps, corresponding to the excitation of discrete energy levels. The continuous transition between the two regimes is mapped by measuring the threshold of these two effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoni Shalibo
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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24
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Sayrin C, Dotsenko I, Zhou X, Peaudecerf B, Rybarczyk T, Gleyzes S, Rouchon P, Mirrahimi M, Amini H, Brune M, Raimond JM, Haroche S. Real-time quantum feedback prepares and stabilizes photon number states. Nature 2011; 477:73-7. [PMID: 21886159 DOI: 10.1038/nature10376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Feedback loops are central to most classical control procedures. A controller compares the signal measured by a sensor (system output) with the target value or set-point. It then adjusts an actuator (system input) to stabilize the signal around the target value. Generalizing this scheme to stabilize a micro-system's quantum state relies on quantum feedback, which must overcome a fundamental difficulty: the sensor measurements cause a random back-action on the system. An optimal compromise uses weak measurements, providing partial information with minimal perturbation. The controller should include the effect of this perturbation in the computation of the actuator's operation, which brings the incrementally perturbed state closer to the target. Although some aspects of this scenario have been experimentally demonstrated for the control of quantum or classical micro-system variables, continuous feedback loop operations that permanently stabilize quantum systems around a target state have not yet been realized. Here we have implemented such a real-time stabilizing quantum feedback scheme following a method inspired by ref. 13. It prepares on demand photon number states (Fock states) of a microwave field in a superconducting cavity, and subsequently reverses the effects of decoherence-induced field quantum jumps. The sensor is a beam of atoms crossing the cavity, which repeatedly performs weak quantum non-demolition measurements of the photon number. The controller is implemented in a real-time computer commanding the actuator, which injects adjusted small classical fields into the cavity between measurements. The microwave field is a quantum oscillator usable as a quantum memory or as a quantum bus swapping information between atoms. Our experiment demonstrates that active control can generate non-classical states of this oscillator and combat their decoherence, and is a significant step towards the implementation of complex quantum information operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Sayrin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS, UPMC-Paris 6, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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25
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26
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Kelly WR, Dutton Z, Schlafer J, Mookerji B, Ohki TA, Kline JS, Pappas DP. Direct observation of coherent population trapping in a superconducting artificial atom. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:163601. [PMID: 20482047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of coherent population trapping (CPT) of an atom (or solid state "artificial atom"), and the associated effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), are clear demonstrations of quantum interference due to coherence in multilevel quantum systems. We report observation of CPT in a superconducting phase qubit by simultaneously driving two coherent transitions in a Lambda-type configuration, utilizing the three lowest lying levels of a local minimum of a phase qubit. We observe 60(+/-7)% suppression of the excited state population under conditions of CPT resonance. We present data and matching theoretical simulations showing the development of CPT in time. Finally, we used the observed time dependence of the excited state population to characterize quantum dephasing times of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Kelly
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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27
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Wang H, Hofheinz M, Ansmann M, Bialczak RC, Lucero E, Neeley M, O'Connell AD, Sank D, Weides M, Wenner J, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Decoherence dynamics of complex photon states in a superconducting circuit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:200404. [PMID: 20365967 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum states inevitably decay with time into a probabilistic mixture of classical states due to their interaction with the environment and measurement instrumentation. We present the first measurement of the decoherence dynamics of complex photon states in a condensed-matter system. By controllably preparing a number of distinct quantum-superposed photon states in a superconducting microwave resonator, we show that the subsequent decay dynamics can be quantitatively described by taking into account only two distinct decay channels: energy relaxation and pure dephasing. Our ability to prepare specific initial quantum states allows us to measure the evolution of specific elements in the quantum density matrix in a very detailed manner that can be compared with theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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28
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Nation PD, Blencowe MP, Rimberg AJ, Buks E. Analogue Hawking radiation in a dc-SQUID array transmission line. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:087004. [PMID: 19792751 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.087004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We propose the use of a superconducting transmission line formed from an array of direct-current superconducting quantum interference devices for investigating analogue Hawking radiation. Biasing the array with a space-time varying flux modifies the propagation velocity of the transmission line, leading to an effective metric with a horizon. Being a fundamentally quantum mechanical device, this setup allows for investigations of quantum effects such as backreaction and analogue space-time fluctuations on the Hawking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Nation
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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29
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Neeley M, Ansmann M, Bialczak RC, Hofheinz M, Lucero E, O'Connell AD, Sank D, Wang H, Wenner J, Cleland AN, Geller MR, Martinis JM. Emulation of a Quantum Spin with a Superconducting Phase Qudit. Science 2009; 325:722-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1173440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Neeley
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Markus Ansmann
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Radoslaw C. Bialczak
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Max Hofheinz
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Erik Lucero
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Aaron D. O'Connell
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Daniel Sank
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Haohua Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - James Wenner
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Andrew N. Cleland
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael R. Geller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John M. Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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30
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Paul AK, Adhikari S, Mukhopadhyay D, Halász GJ, Vibók A, Baer R, Baer M. Photodissociation of H2(+) upon exposure to an intense pulsed photonic Fock state. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7331-7. [PMID: 19552475 DOI: 10.1021/jp811269g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Producing and controlling nonclassical light states are now the subject of intense experimental efforts. In this paper we consider the interaction of such a light state with a small molecule. Specifically, we develop the theory and apply it numerically to calculate in detail how a short pulse of nonclassical light, such as the high intensity Fock state, induces photodissociation in H(2)(+). We compare the kinetic energy distributions and photodissociation yields with the analogous results of quasi-classical light, namely a coherent state. We find that Fock-state light decreases the overall probability of dissociation for low vibrational states of H(2)(+) as well as the location of peaks and line shapes in the kinetic energy distribution of the nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Paul
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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31
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32
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Synthesizing arbitrary quantum states in a superconducting resonator. Nature 2009; 459:546-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature08005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Paauw FG, Fedorov A, Harmans CJPM, Mooij JE. Tuning the gap of a superconducting flux qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:090501. [PMID: 19392501 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the in situ tunability of the minimum energy splitting (gap) of a superconducting flux qubit by means of an additional flux loop. Pulses applied via a local control line allow us to tune the gap over a range of several GHz on a nanosecond time scale. The strong flux sensitivity of the gap (up to approximately 0.7 GHz/mPhi0) opens up the possibility to create different types of tunable couplings that are effective at the degeneracy point of the qubit. We investigate the dependence of the relaxation time and the Rabi frequency on the qubit gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Paauw
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5046, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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34
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Brune M, Bernu J, Guerlin C, Deléglise S, Sayrin C, Gleyzes S, Kuhr S, Dotsenko I, Raimond JM, Haroche S. Process tomography of field damping and measurement of Fock state lifetimes by quantum nondemolition photon counting in a cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:240402. [PMID: 19113603 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.240402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation of a quantum field stored in a high-Q superconducting cavity is monitored by nonresonant Rydberg atoms. The field, subjected to repetitive quantum nondemolition photon counting, undergoes jumps between photon number states. We select ensembles of field realizations evolving from a given Fock state and reconstruct the subsequent evolution of their photon number distributions. We realize in this way a tomography of the photon number relaxation process yielding all the jump rates between Fock states. The damping rates of the n photon states (0 < or = n < or = 7) are found to increase linearly with n. The results are in excellent agreement with theory including a small thermal contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brune
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Université P. et M. Curie, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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