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McCarter MR, De Long LE, Todd Hastings J, Roy S. Generation and applications of x-ray and extreme ultraviolet beams carrying orbital angular momentum. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:423003. [PMID: 38830374 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad53b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In addition to spin angular momentum, light can carry orbital angular momentum. The orbital angular momentum degree of freedom in the extreme ultraviolet and x-ray regimes enables fundamental studies of light-matter interactions and new methods to study materials. Advances in x-ray optics, as well as undulator radiation and high harmonic generation techniques, lead to the creation of beams with non-trivial phase structure, such as a helical phase structure, creating new possibilities for the use of extreme ultraviolet and x-ray photons with orbital angular momentum in probing complex electronic structures in matter. In this article, we review the generation and applications of orbital angular momentum beams in the x-ray and extreme ultraviolet regime. We discuss several recent works that exploit the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom and showcase the potential advantages of using these beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R McCarter
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Lance E De Long
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States of America
| | - J Todd Hastings
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States of America
| | - Sujoy Roy
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
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Jing L, Wang Z, Lin X, Zheng B, Xu S, Shen L, Yang Y, Gao F, Chen M, Chen H. Spiral Field Generation in Smith-Purcell Radiation by Helical Metagratings. RESEARCH 2019; 2019:3806132. [PMID: 31549059 PMCID: PMC6750070 DOI: 10.34133/2019/3806132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Moving electrons interacting with media can give rise to electromagnetic radiations and has been emerged as a promising platform for particle detection, spectroscopies, and free-electron lasers. In this letter, we investigate the Smith-Purcell radiation from helical metagratings, chiral structures similar to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), in order to understand the interplay between electrons, photons, and object chirality. Spiral field patterns can be generated while introducing a gradient azimuthal phase distribution to the induced electric dipole array at the cylindrical interface. Experimental measurements show efficient control over angular momentum of the radiated field at microwave regime, utilizing a phased electromagnetic dipole array to mimic moving charged particles. The angular momentum of the radiated wave is determined solely by the handedness of the helical structure, and it thus serves as a potential candidate for the detection of chiral objects. Our findings not only pave a way for design of orbital angular momentum free-electron lasers but also provide a platform to study the interplay between swift electrons with chiral objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Jing
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zuojia Wang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bin Zheng
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Su Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lian Shen
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yihao Yang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Sudar N, Musumeci P, Gadjev I, Sakai Y, Fabbri S, Polyanskiy M, Pogorelsky I, Fedurin M, Swinson C, Kusche K, Babzien M, Palmer M. Demonstration of Cascaded Modulator-Chicane Microbunching of a Relativistic Electron Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:114802. [PMID: 29601767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present results of an experiment showing the first successful demonstration of a cascaded microbunching scheme. Two modulator-chicane prebunchers arranged in series and a high power mid-IR laser seed are used to modulate a 52 MeV electron beam into a train of sharp microbunches phase locked to the external drive laser. This configuration is shown to greatly improve matching of the beam into the small longitudinal phase space acceptance of short-wavelength accelerators. We demonstrate trapping of nearly all (96%) of the electrons in a strongly tapered inverse free-electron laser accelerator, with an order-of-magnitude reduction in injection losses compared to the classical single-buncher scheme. These results represent a critical advance in laser-based longitudinal phase space manipulations and find application in high gradient advanced acceleration as well as in high peak and average power coherent radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sudar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Musumeci
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - I Gadjev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Y Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Fabbri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Polyanskiy
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - I Pogorelsky
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Babzien
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Palmer
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Zhang X, Shen B, Shi Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Wang W, Xu J, Yi L, Xu Z. Generation of intense high-order vortex harmonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:173901. [PMID: 25978234 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.173901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents for the first time a scheme to generate intense high-order optical vortices that carry orbital angular momentum in the extreme ultraviolet region based on relativistic harmonics from the surface of a solid target. In the three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation, the high-order harmonics of the high-order vortex mode is generated in both reflected and transmitted light beams when a linearly polarized Laguerre-Gaussian laser pulse impinges on a solid foil. The azimuthal mode of the harmonics scales with its order. The intensity of the high-order vortex harmonics is close to the relativistic region, with the pulse duration down to attosecond scale. The obtained intense vortex beam possesses the combined properties of fine transversal structure due to the high-order mode and the fine longitudinal structure due to the short wavelength of the high-order harmonics. In addition to the application in high-resolution detection in both spatial and temporal scales, it also presents new opportunities in the intense vortex required fields, such as the inner shell ionization process and high energy twisted photons generation by Thomson scattering of such an intense vortex beam off relativistic electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Baifei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- IFSA Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lingang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Wenpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jiancai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Longqiong Yi
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhizhan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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Hemsing E, Dunning M, Hast C, Raubenheimer T, Xiang D. First characterization of coherent optical vortices from harmonic undulator radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:134803. [PMID: 25302894 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.134803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the experimental generation and measurement of coherent light that carries orbital angular momentum from a relativistic electron beam radiating at the second harmonic of a helical undulator. The measured helical phase of the light is shown to be in agreement with predictions of the sign and magnitude of the phase singularity and is more than 2 orders of magnitude greater than the incoherent signal. Our setup demonstrates that such optical vortices can be produced in modern free-electron lasers in a simple afterburner arrangement for novel two-mode pump-probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hemsing
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Dunning
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Raubenheimer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dao Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Bahrdt J, Holldack K, Kuske P, Müller R, Scheer M, Schmid P. First observation of photons carrying orbital angular momentum in undulator radiation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:034801. [PMID: 23909330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photon beams of 99 eV energy carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have been observed in the 2nd harmonic off-axis radiation of a helical undulator at the 3rd generation synchrotron radiation light source BESSY II. For detection, the OAM carrying photon beam was superimposed with a reference beam without OAM. The interference pattern, a spiral intensity distribution, was recorded in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction. The orientation of the observed spiral structure is related to the helicity of the undulator radiation. Excellent agreement between measurements and simulations has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bahrdt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Marinelli A, Dunning M, Weathersby S, Hemsing E, Xiang D, Andonian G, O'Shea F, Miao J, Hast C, Rosenzweig JB. Single-shot coherent diffraction imaging of microbunched relativistic electron beams for free-electron laser applications. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:094802. [PMID: 23496718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.094802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of coherent x rays provided by the x-ray free-electron laser (FEL), strong interest has been kindled in sophisticated diffraction imaging techniques. In this Letter, we exploit such techniques for the diagnosis of the density distribution of the intense electron beams typically utilized in an x-ray FEL itself. We have implemented this method by analyzing the far-field coherent transition radiation emitted by an inverse-FEL microbunched electron beam. This analysis utilizes an oversampling phase retrieval method on the transition radiation angular spectrum to reconstruct the transverse spatial distribution of the electron beam. This application of diffraction imaging represents a significant advance in electron beam physics, having critical applications to the diagnosis of high-brightness beams, as well as the collective microbunching instabilities afflicting these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Marinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Hemsing E, Marinelli A. Echo-enabled x-ray vortex generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:224801. [PMID: 23368128 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.224801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A technique to generate high-brightness electromagnetic vortices with tunable topological charge at extreme ultraviolet and x-ray wavelengths is described. Based on a modified version of echo-enabled harmonic generation for free-electron lasers, the technique uses two lasers and two chicanes to produce high-harmonic microbunching of a relativistic electron beam with a corkscrew distribution that matches the instantaneous helical phase structure of the x-ray vortex. The strongly correlated electron distribution emerges from an efficient three-dimensional recoherence effect in the echo-enabled harmonic generation transport line and can emit fully coherent vortices in a downstream radiator for access to new research in x-ray science.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hemsing
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Hemsing E, Marinelli A, Rosenzweig JB. Generating optical orbital angular momentum in a high-gain free-electron laser at the first harmonic. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:164803. [PMID: 21599372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.164803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A scheme to generate intense coherent light that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM) at the fundamental wavelength of an x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) is described. The OAM light is emitted as the dominant mode of the system until saturation provided that the helical microbunching imposed on the electron beam is larger than the shot-noise bunching that leads to self-amplified emission. Operating at the fundamental, this scheme is more efficient than alternate schemes that rely on harmonic emission, and can be applied to x-ray FELs without using external optical mode conversion elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hemsing
- Particle Beam Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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