1
|
Francheteau A, Gaudefroy L, Scamps G, Roig O, Méot V, Ebran A, Bélier G. Scission Deformation of the ^{120}Cd/^{132}Sn Neutronless Fragmentation in ^{252}Cf(sf). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:142501. [PMID: 38640393 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
We report on a study of the radiative decay of fission fragments populated via neutronless fission of ^{252}Cf(sf). Applying the double-energy method a perfect mass identification is achieved for these rare events. In the specific case of the ^{120}Cd/^{132}Sn cold fragmentation, we find that ^{132}Sn is produced in its ground state. We can therefore directly measure the excitation energy of the complementary fragment, ^{120}Cd. The reproduction of the γ-ray spectrum, measured in coincidence with the neutronless fission events, is sensitive to the angular momentum distribution of the studied primary fragment. The latter estimated using a time-dependent collective Hamiltonian model, allows us to constrain for the first time the deformation (β_{2}≃0.4) of the studied fission fragment at scission. The present work demonstrates the high potential of the understudied neutronless fission channel for extracting detailed information on both fission fragments and process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Francheteau
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - L Gaudefroy
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - G Scamps
- Laboratoire des 2 Infinis-Toulouse (L2IT-IN2P3), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - O Roig
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - V Méot
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - A Ebran
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | - G Bélier
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cubiss JG, Andreyev AN, Barzakh AE, Van Duppen P, Hilaire S, Péru S, Goriely S, Al Monthery M, Althubiti NA, Andel B, Antalic S, Atanasov D, Blaum K, Cocolios TE, Day Goodacre T, de Roubin A, Farooq-Smith GJ, Fedorov DV, Fedosseev VN, Fink DA, Gaffney LP, Ghys L, Harding RD, Huyse M, Imai N, Joss DT, Kreim S, Lunney D, Lynch KM, Manea V, Marsh BA, Martinez Palenzuela Y, Molkanov PL, Neidherr D, O'Neill GG, Page RD, Prosnyak SD, Rosenbusch M, Rossel RE, Rothe S, Schweikhard L, Seliverstov MD, Sels S, Skripnikov LV, Stott A, Van Beveren C, Verstraelen E, Welker A, Wienholtz F, Wolf RN, Zuber K. Deformation versus Sphericity in the Ground States of the Lightest Gold Isotopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:202501. [PMID: 38039485 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The changes in mean-squared charge radii of neutron-deficient gold nuclei have been determined using the in-source, resonance-ionization laser spectroscopy technique, at the ISOLDE facility (CERN). From these new data, nuclear deformations are inferred, revealing a competition between deformed and spherical configurations. The isotopes ^{180,181,182}Au are observed to possess well-deformed ground states and, when moving to lighter masses, a sudden transition to near-spherical shapes is seen in the extremely neutron-deficient nuclides, ^{176,177,179}Au. A case of shape coexistence and shape staggering is identified in ^{178}Au which has a ground and isomeric state with different deformations. These new data reveal a pattern in ground-state deformation unique to the gold isotopes, whereby, when moving from the heavy to light masses, a plateau of well-deformed isotopes exists around the neutron midshell, flanked by near-spherical shapes in the heavier and lighter isotopes-a trend hitherto unseen elsewhere in the nuclear chart. The experimental charge radii are compared to those from Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations using the D1M Gogny interaction and configuration mixing between states of different deformation. The calculations are constrained by the known spins, parities, and magnetic moments of the ground states in gold nuclei and show a good agreement with the experimental results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Cubiss
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A N Andreyev
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Japan
| | - A E Barzakh
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - P Van Duppen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Hilaire
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - S Péru
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - S Goriely
- Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, CP-226, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Al Monthery
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - N A Althubiti
- The University of Manchester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - B Andel
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - S Antalic
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - D Atanasov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - K Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T E Cocolios
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- The University of Manchester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T Day Goodacre
- The University of Manchester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A de Roubin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G J Farooq-Smith
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- The University of Manchester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D V Fedorov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - D A Fink
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - L P Gaffney
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - L Ghys
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - R D Harding
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Huyse
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Imai
- Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - D T Joss
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - S Kreim
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - D Lunney
- CSNSM-CNRS, Université de Paris Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - K M Lynch
- The University of Manchester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Oxford Road, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - V Manea
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Y Martinez Palenzuela
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P L Molkanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - D Neidherr
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - G G O'Neill
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - R D Page
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - S D Prosnyak
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Rosenbusch
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R E Rossel
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
| | - S Rothe
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - M D Seliverstov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Sels
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - L V Skripnikov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Stott
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - C Van Beveren
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Verstraelen
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Welker
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - F Wienholtz
- CERN, 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - R N Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Zuber
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ravlić A, Yüksel E, Nikšić T, Paar N. Expanding the limits of nuclear stability at finite temperature. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4834. [PMID: 37563164 PMCID: PMC10415286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Properties of nuclei in hot stellar environments such as supernovae or neutron star mergers are largely unexplored. Since it is poorly understood how many protons and neutrons can be bound together in hot nuclei, we investigate the limits of nuclear existence (drip lines) at finite temperature. Here, we present mapping of nuclear drip lines at temperatures up to around 20 billion kelvins using the relativistic energy density functional theory (REDF), including treatment of thermal scattering of nucleons in the continuum. With extensive computational effort, the drip lines are determined using several REDFs with different underlying interactions, demonstrating considerable alterations of the neutron drip line with temperature increase, especially near the magic numbers. At temperatures T ≲ 12 billion kelvins, the interplay between the properties of nuclear effective interaction, pairing, and temperature effects determines the nuclear binding. At higher temperatures, we find a surprizing result that the total number of bound nuclei increases with temperature due to thermal shell quenching. Our findings provide insight into nuclear landscape for hot nuclei, revealing that the nuclear drip lines should be viewed as limits that change dynamically with temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ante Ravlić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Esra Yüksel
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Tamara Nikšić
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nils Paar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ryssens W, Giacalone G, Schenke B, Shen C. Evidence of Hexadecapole Deformation in Uranium-238 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:212302. [PMID: 37295097 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.212302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations of the quark-gluon plasma are unable to reproduce the elliptic flow of particles observed at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in relativistic ^{238}U+^{238}U collisions when they rely on information obtained from low-energy experiments for the implementation of deformation in the colliding ^{238}U ions. We show that this is due to an inappropriate treatment of well-deformed nuclei in the modeling of the initial conditions of the quark-gluon plasma. Past studies have identified the deformation of the nuclear surface with that of the nuclear volume, though these are different concepts. In particular, a volume quadrupole moment can be generated by both a surface hexadecapole and a surface quadrupole moment. This feature was so far neglected in the modeling of heavy-ion collisions, and is particularly relevant for nuclei like ^{238}U, which is both quadrupole deformed and hexadecapole deformed. With rigorous input from Skyrme density functional calculations, we show that correcting for such effects in the implementation of nuclear deformations in hydrodynamic simulations restores agreement with BNL RHIC data. This brings consistency to the results of nuclear experiments across energy scales, and demonstrates the impact of the hexadecapole deformation of ^{238}U on high-energy collisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Ryssens
- Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine CP 226, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuliano Giacalone
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Schenke
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Chun Shen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
- RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Özdoğan H, Üncü Y, Şekerci M, Kaplan A. Mass excess estimations using artificial neural networks. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 184:110162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
The effective Gogny interactions of the D1 family were established by D. Gogny more than forty years ago with the aim to describe simultaneously the mean field and the pairing field corresponding to the nuclear interaction. The most popular Gogny parametrizations, namely D1S, D1N and D1M, describe accurately the ground-state properties of spherical and deformed finite nuclei all across the mass table obtained with Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov (HFB) calculations. However, these forces produce a rather soft equation of state (EoS) in neutron matter, which leads to predict maximum masses of neutron stars well below the observed value of two solar masses. To remove this limitation, we built new Gogny parametrizations by modifying the density dependence of the symmetry energy predicted by the force in such a way that they can be applied to the neutron star domain and can also reproduce the properties of finite nuclei as good as their predecessors. These new parametrizations allow us to obtain stiffer EoS’s based on the Gogny interactions, which predict maximum masses of neutron stars around two solar masses. Moreover, other global properties of the star, such as the moment of inertia and the tidal deformability, are in harmony with those obtained with other well tested EoSs based on the SLy4 Skyrme force or the Barcelona–Catania–Paris–Madrid (BCPM) energy density functional. Properties of the core-crust transition predicted by these Gogny EoSs are also analyzed. Using these new Gogny forces, the EoS in the inner crust is obtained with the Wigner–Seitz approximation in the Variational Wigner–Kirkwood approach along with the Strutinsky integral method, which allows one to estimate in a perturbative way the proton shell and pairing corrections. For the outer crust, the EoS is determined basically by the nuclear masses, which are taken from the experiments, wherever they are available, or by HFB calculations performed with these new forces if the experimental masses are not known.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lasseri RD, Regnier D, Ebran JP, Penon A. Taming Nuclear Complexity with a Committee of Multilayer Neural Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:162502. [PMID: 32383958 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.162502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a committee of deep neural networks is capable of predicting the ground-state and excited energies of more than 1800 atomic nuclei with an accuracy akin to the one achieved by state-of-the-art nuclear energy density functionals (EDFs) and with significantly less computational cost. An active learning strategy is proposed to train this algorithm with a minimal set of 210 nuclei. This approach enables future fast studies of the influence of EDF parametrizations on structure properties over the whole nuclear chart and suggests that for the first time a machine learning framework successfully encoded several correlated aspects of nuclear deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël-David Lasseri
- ESNT, CEA, IRFU, Département de Physique Nucléaire, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette
| | - David Regnier
- Centre de mathématiques et de leurs applications, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235, Cachan cedex, France and CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
78Ni revealed as a doubly magic stronghold against nuclear deformation. Nature 2019; 569:53-58. [PMID: 31043730 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magic numbers correspond to fully occupied energy shells of protons or neutrons inside atomic nuclei. Doubly magic nuclei, with magic numbers for both protons and neutrons, are spherical and extremely rare across the nuclear landscape. Although the sequence of magic numbers is well established for stable nuclei, experimental evidence has revealed modifications for nuclei with a large asymmetry between proton and neutron numbers. Here we provide a spectroscopic study of the doubly magic nucleus 78Ni, which contains fourteen neutrons more than the heaviest stable nickel isotope. We provide direct evidence of its doubly magic nature, which is also predicted by ab initio calculations based on chiral effective-field theory interactions and the quasi-particle random-phase approximation. Our results also indicate the breakdown of the neutron magic number 50 and proton magic number 28 beyond this stronghold, caused by a competing deformed structure. State-of-the-art phenomenological shell-model calculations reproduce this shape coexistence, predicting a rapid transition from spherical to deformed ground states, with 78Ni as the turning point.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tarasov OB, Ahn DS, Bazin D, Fukuda N, Gade A, Hausmann M, Inabe N, Ishikawa S, Iwasa N, Kawata K, Komatsubara T, Kubo T, Kusaka K, Morrissey DJ, Ohtake M, Otsu H, Portillo M, Sakakibara T, Sakurai H, Sato H, Sherrill BM, Shimizu Y, Stolz A, Sumikama T, Suzuki H, Takeda H, Thoennessen M, Ueno H, Yanagisawa Y, Yoshida K. Discovery of ^{60}Ca and Implications For the Stability of ^{70}Ca. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:022501. [PMID: 30085743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.022501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the important neutron-rich nucleus _{20}^{60}Ca_{40} and seven others near the limits of nuclear stability is reported from the fragmentation of a 345 MeV/u ^{70}Zn projectile beam on ^{9}Be targets at the radioactive ion-beam factory of the RIKEN Nishina Center. The produced fragments were analyzed and unambiguously identified using the BigRIPS two-stage in-flight separator. The eight new neutron-rich nuclei discovered, ^{47}P, ^{49}S, ^{52}Cl, ^{54}Ar, ^{57}K, ^{59,60}Ca, and ^{62}Sc, are the most neutron-rich isotopes of the respective elements. In addition, one event consistent with ^{59}K was registered. The results are compared with the drip lines predicted by a variety of mass models and it is found that the models in best agreement with the observed limits of existence in the explored region tend to predict the even-mass Ca isotopes to be bound out to at least ^{70}Ca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O B Tarasov
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - D S Ahn
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Fukuda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Gade
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Hausmann
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Inabe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Ishikawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - N Iwasa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - K Kawata
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Komatsubara
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Kubo
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Kusaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D J Morrissey
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Ohtake
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Otsu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Portillo
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Sakakibara
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-aoba, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Sakurai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Sato
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - B M Sherrill
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Shimizu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Stolz
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Sumikama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Thoennessen
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Ueno
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Yanagisawa
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- RIKEN Nishina Center, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Goriely S, Hilaire S, Péru S. The Gogny-HFB+QRPA dipole strength function and its application to radiative neutron capture cross section. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201817804001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Valuable theoretical predictions of nuclear dipole excitations in the whole chart are of great interest for different nuclear applications, including in particular nuclear astrophysics. Here we extend our large-scale calculations of the E1 and M1 absorption γ-ray strength function obtained in the framework of the axially-symmetric deformed quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) based on the finite-range D1M Gogny force to the determination of the de-excitation strength function. To do so, shell-model calculations of the de-excitation dipole strength function as well as experimental data are considered to provide insight in the low-energy limit and to complement the QRPA estimate phenomenologically. We compare our final prediction of the E1 and M1 strengths with available experimental data at low energies and show that a relatively good agreement can be obtained. Its impact on the average radiative width as well as radiative neutron capture cross section is discussed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nuclear Equation of State for Compact Stars and Supernovae. THE PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS OF NEUTRON STARS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97616-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
12
|
Hilaire S, Goriely S, Péru S, Lechaftois F, Deloncle I, Martini M. Quasiparticle random phase approximation predictions of the gamma-ray strength functions using the Gogny force. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714605013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
13
|
Goriely S, Hilaire S, Dubray N, Lemaître JF. Towards more accurate and reliable predictions for nuclear applications. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714601001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
14
|
Kajino T, Mathews GJ. Impact of new data for neutron-rich heavy nuclei on theoretical models for r-process nucleosynthesis. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:084901. [PMID: 28357989 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa6a25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Current models for the r process are summarized with an emphasis on the key constraints from both nuclear physics measurements and astronomical observations. In particular, we analyze the importance of nuclear physics input such as beta-decay rates; nuclear masses; neutron-capture cross sections; beta-delayed neutron emission; probability of spontaneous fission, beta- and neutron-induced fission, fission fragment mass distributions; neutrino-induced reaction cross sections, etc. We highlight the effects on models for r-process nucleosynthesis of newly measured β-decay half-lives, masses, and spectroscopy of neutron-rich nuclei near the r-process path. We overview r-process nucleosynthesis in the neutrino driven wind above the proto-neutron star in core collapse supernovae along with the possibility of magneto-hydrodynamic jets from rotating supernova explosion models. We also consider the possibility of neutron star mergers as an r-process environment. A key outcome of newly measured nuclear properties far from stability is the degree of shell quenching for neutron rich isotopes near the closed neutron shells. This leads to important constraints on the sites for r-process nucleosynthesis in which freezeout occurs on a rapid timescale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Kajino
- International Research Center for Big-Bang Cosmology and Element Genesis, and School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China. Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan. Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-033, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schunck N, Robledo LM. Microscopic theory of nuclear fission: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:116301. [PMID: 27727148 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/11/116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews how nuclear fission is described within nuclear density functional theory. A distinction should be made between spontaneous fission, where half-lives are the main observables and quantum tunnelling the essential concept, and induced fission, where the focus is on fragment properties and explicitly time-dependent approaches are often invoked. Overall, the cornerstone of the density functional theory approach to fission is the energy density functional formalism. The basic tenets of this method, including some well-known tools such as the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) theory, effective two-body nuclear potentials such as the Skyrme and Gogny force, finite-temperature extensions and beyond mean-field corrections, are presented succinctly. The energy density functional approach is often combined with the hypothesis that the time-scale of the large amplitude collective motion driving the system to fission is slow compared to typical time-scales of nucleons inside the nucleus. In practice, this hypothesis of adiabaticity is implemented by introducing (a few) collective variables and mapping out the many-body Schrödinger equation into a collective Schrödinger-like equation for the nuclear wave-packet. The region of the collective space where the system transitions from one nucleus to two (or more) fragments defines what are called the scission configurations. The inertia tensor that enters the kinetic energy term of the collective Schrödinger-like equation is one of the most essential ingredients of the theory, since it includes the response of the system to small changes in the collective variables. For this reason, the two main approximations used to compute this inertia tensor, the adiabatic time-dependent HFB and the generator coordinate method, are presented in detail, both in their general formulation and in their most common approximations. The collective inertia tensor enters also the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) formula used to extract spontaneous fission half-lives from multi-dimensional quantum tunnelling probabilities (For the sake of completeness, other approaches to tunnelling based on functional integrals are also briefly discussed, although there are very few applications.) It is also an important component of some of the time-dependent methods that have been used in fission studies. Concerning the latter, both the semi-classical approaches to time-dependent nuclear dynamics and more microscopic theories involving explicit quantum-many-body methods are presented. One of the hallmarks of the microscopic theory of fission is the tremendous amount of computing needed for practical applications. In particular, the successful implementation of the theories presented in this article requires a very precise numerical resolution of the HFB equations for large values of the collective variables. This aspect is often overlooked, and several sections are devoted to discussing the resolution of the HFB equations, especially in the context of very deformed nuclear shapes. In particular, the numerical precision and iterative methods employed to obtain the HFB solution are documented in detail. Finally, a selection of the most recent and representative results obtained for both spontaneous and induced fission is presented, with the goal of emphasizing the coherence of the microscopic approaches employed. Although impressive progress has been achieved over the last two decades to understand fission microscopically, much work remains to be done. Several possible lines of research are outlined in the conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Schunck
- Nuclear and Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Caballero-Folch R, Domingo-Pardo C, Agramunt J, Algora A, Ameil F, Arcones A, Ayyad Y, Benlliure J, Borzov IN, Bowry M, Calviño F, Cano-Ott D, Cortés G, Davinson T, Dillmann I, Estrade A, Evdokimov A, Faestermann T, Farinon F, Galaviz D, García AR, Geissel H, Gelletly W, Gernhäuser R, Gómez-Hornillos MB, Guerrero C, Heil M, Hinke C, Knöbel R, Kojouharov I, Kurcewicz J, Kurz N, Litvinov YA, Maier L, Marganiec J, Marketin T, Marta M, Martínez T, Martínez-Pinedo G, Montes F, Mukha I, Napoli DR, Nociforo C, Paradela C, Pietri S, Podolyák Z, Prochazka A, Rice S, Riego A, Rubio B, Schaffner H, Scheidenberger C, Smith K, Sokol E, Steiger K, Sun B, Taín JL, Takechi M, Testov D, Weick H, Wilson E, Winfield JS, Wood R, Woods P, Yeremin A. First Measurement of Several β-Delayed Neutron Emitting Isotopes Beyond N=126. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:012501. [PMID: 27419564 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.012501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The β-delayed neutron emission probabilities of neutron rich Hg and Tl nuclei have been measured together with β-decay half-lives for 20 isotopes of Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi in the mass region N≳126. These are the heaviest species where neutron emission has been observed so far. These measurements provide key information to evaluate the performance of nuclear microscopic and phenomenological models in reproducing the high-energy part of the β-decay strength distribution. This provides important constraints on global theoretical models currently used in r-process nucleosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Caballero-Folch
- INTE-DFEN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | | | - J Agramunt
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - A Algora
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - F Ameil
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Arcones
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Ayyad
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Benlliure
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I N Borzov
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Bogolubov Laboratory, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - M Bowry
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - F Calviño
- INTE-DFEN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - G Cortés
- INTE-DFEN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Davinson
- University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - I Dillmann
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Estrade
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- St. Mary's University, Halifax, B3H 3C3 Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - A Evdokimov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - T Faestermann
- Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Farinon
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Galaviz
- Centro de Fisica Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, 169-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - H Geissel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - W Gelletly
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - R Gernhäuser
- Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - C Guerrero
- CERN Physics Department, CH-1211 Geneve, Switzerland
- Universidad de Sevilla, 41080 Seville, Spain
| | - M Heil
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Hinke
- Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Knöbel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - I Kojouharov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Kurcewicz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Kurz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Maier
- Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Marganiec
- ExtreMe Matter Institute, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Marketin
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Marta
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - G Martínez-Pinedo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik (Theoriezentrum), Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Montes
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Mukha
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D R Napoli
- Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro I-35020, Italy
| | - C Nociforo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Paradela
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Pietri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A Prochazka
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Rice
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - A Riego
- INTE-DFEN, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Rubio
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - H Schaffner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ch Scheidenberger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - K Smith
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46556, USA
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - E Sokol
- Flerov Laboratory, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - K Steiger
- Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Sun
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J L Taín
- IFIC, CSIC-University of Valencia, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Takechi
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Testov
- Flerov Laboratory, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, Orsay F-91405, France
| | - H Weick
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - E Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - J S Winfield
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - P Woods
- University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Yeremin
- Flerov Laboratory, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chamel N, Fantina A. Electron exchange and polarization effects on electron captures and neutron emissions by nuclei in white dwarfs and neutron stars. Int J Clin Exp Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.93.063001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
18
|
Clément E, Zielińska M, Görgen A, Korten W, Péru S, Libert J, Goutte H, Hilaire S, Bastin B, Bauer C, Blazhev A, Bree N, Bruyneel B, Butler PA, Butterworth J, Delahaye P, Dijon A, Doherty DT, Ekström A, Fitzpatrick C, Fransen C, Georgiev G, Gernhäuser R, Hess H, Iwanicki J, Jenkins DG, Larsen AC, Ljungvall J, Lutter R, Marley P, Moschner K, Napiorkowski PJ, Pakarinen J, Petts A, Reiter P, Renstrøm T, Seidlitz M, Siebeck B, Siem S, Sotty C, Srebrny J, Stefanescu I, Tveten GM, Van de Walle J, Vermeulen M, Voulot D, Warr N, Wenander F, Wiens A, De Witte H, Wrzosek-Lipska K. Spectroscopic Quadrupole Moments in {96,98}Sr: Evidence for Shape Coexistence in Neutron-Rich Strontium Isotopes at N=60. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:022701. [PMID: 26824536 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.022701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutron-rich {96,98}Sr isotopes have been investigated by safe Coulomb excitation of radioactive beams at the REX-ISOLDE facility. Reduced transition probabilities and spectroscopic quadrupole moments have been extracted from the differential Coulomb excitation cross sections. These results allow, for the first time, the drawing of definite conclusions about the shape coexistence of highly deformed prolate and spherical configurations. In particular, a very small mixing between the coexisting states is observed, contrary to other mass regions where strong mixing is present. Experimental results have been compared to beyond-mean-field calculations using the Gogny D1S interaction in a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian formalism, which reproduce the shape change at N=60.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Clément
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M Zielińska
- CEA Saclay, IRFU, SPhN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Görgen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - W Korten
- CEA Saclay, IRFU, SPhN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Péru
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - J Libert
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - H Goutte
- CEA Saclay, IRFU, SPhN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Hilaire
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - B Bastin
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - C Bauer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-50937 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Blazhev
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - N Bree
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Bruyneel
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - P A Butler
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - J Butterworth
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - P Delahaye
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Dijon
- GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3, F-14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - D T Doherty
- CEA Saclay, IRFU, SPhN, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Ekström
- Physics Department, University of Lund, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- Department of Physics, University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - C Fransen
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - G Georgiev
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Gernhäuser
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - H Hess
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - J Iwanicki
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - D G Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - A C Larsen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - J Ljungvall
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - R Lutter
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85740 Garching, Germany
| | - P Marley
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - K Moschner
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - P J Napiorkowski
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Pakarinen
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Petts
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - P Reiter
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - T Renstrøm
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Seidlitz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - B Siebeck
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - S Siem
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - C Sotty
- CSNSM, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Srebrny
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Stefanescu
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G M Tveten
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - M Vermeulen
- Department of Physics, University of York, YO10 5DD York, United Kingdom
| | - D Voulot
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - N Warr
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - F Wenander
- PH Department, CERN 1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A Wiens
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, University of Cologne, D-50397 Cologne, Germany
| | - H De Witte
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Wrzosek-Lipska
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Goriely S, Bauswein A, Janka HT, Panebianco S, Sida JL, Lemaître JF, Hilaire S, Dubray N. The r-process nucleosynthesis during the decompression of neutron star crust material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/665/1/012052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
20
|
Hilaire S, Goriely S. Towards many-body based nuclear reaction modelling. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201612209001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
21
|
McDonnell JD, Schunck N, Higdon D, Sarich J, Wild SM, Nazarewicz W. Uncertainty quantification for nuclear density functional theory and information content of new measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:122501. [PMID: 25860736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Statistical tools of uncertainty quantification can be used to assess the information content of measured observables with respect to present-day theoretical models, to estimate model errors and thereby improve predictive capability, to extrapolate beyond the regions reached by experiment, and to provide meaningful input to applications and planned measurements. To showcase new opportunities offered by such tools, we make a rigorous analysis of theoretical statistical uncertainties in nuclear density functional theory using Bayesian inference methods. By considering the recent mass measurements from the Canadian Penning Trap at Argonne National Laboratory, we demonstrate how the Bayesian analysis and a direct least-squares optimization, combined with high-performance computing, can be used to assess the information content of the new data with respect to a model based on the Skyrme energy density functional approach. Employing the posterior probability distribution computed with a Gaussian process emulator, we apply the Bayesian framework to propagate theoretical statistical uncertainties in predictions of nuclear masses, two-neutron dripline, and fission barriers. Overall, we find that the new mass measurements do not impose a constraint that is strong enough to lead to significant changes in the model parameters. The example discussed in this study sets the stage for quantifying and maximizing the impact of new measurements with respect to current modeling and guiding future experimental efforts, thus enhancing the experiment-theory cycle in the scientific method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D McDonnell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina 29501, USA
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - N Schunck
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Higdon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Sarich
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S M Wild
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W Nazarewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and NSCL/FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Hoża 69, 00-681 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nakada H, Inakura T, Sawai H. Energy-dependence of skin-mode fraction in E1 excitations of neutron-rich nuclei. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159301052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
23
|
Martini M, Péru S, Goriely S. Gamow-Teller strength in deformed nuclei within self-consistent pnQRPA with the Gogny force. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20146602069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
24
|
Goriely S, Sida JL, Lemaître JF, Panebianco S, Dubray N, Hilaire S, Bauswein A, Janka HT. New fission fragment distributions and r-process origin of the rare-earth elements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:242502. [PMID: 24483647 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.242502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Neutron star (NS) merger ejecta offer a viable site for the production of heavy r-process elements with nuclear mass numbers A≳140. The crucial role of fission recycling is responsible for the robustness of this site against many astrophysical uncertainties, but calculations sensitively depend on nuclear physics. In particular, the fission fragment yields determine the creation of 110≲A≲170 nuclei. Here, we apply a new scission-point model, called SPY, to derive the fission fragment distribution (FFD) of all relevant neutron-rich, fissioning nuclei. The model predicts a doubly asymmetric FFD in the abundant A≃278 mass region that is responsible for the final recycling of the fissioning material. Using ejecta conditions based on relativistic NS merger calculations, we show that this specific FFD leads to a production of the A≃165 rare-earth peak that is nicely compatible with the abundance patterns in the Sun and metal-poor stars. This new finding further strengthens the case of NS mergers as possible dominant origin of r nuclei with A≳140.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Goriely
- Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, CP-226, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J-L Sida
- C.E.A. Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-F Lemaître
- C.E.A. Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Panebianco
- C.E.A. Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Dubray
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S Hilaire
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - A Bauswein
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece and Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Postfach 1317, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - H-T Janka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Postfach 1317, 85741 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Studies of pear-shaped nuclei using accelerated radioactive beams. Nature 2013; 497:199-204. [PMID: 23657348 DOI: 10.1038/nature12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Erler J, Birge N, Kortelainen M, Nazarewicz W, Olsen E, Perhac AM, Stoitsov M. The limits of the nuclear landscape. Nature 2012; 486:509-12. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Arcones A, Bertsch GF. Nuclear correlations and the r process. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:151101. [PMID: 22587238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.151101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We show that long-range correlations for nuclear masses have a significant effect on the synthesis of heavy elements by the r process. As calculated by Delaroche et al. [Phys. Rev. C 81, 014303 (2010)], these correlations suppress magic number effects associated with minor shells. This impacts the calculated abundances before the third r-process peak (at mass number A≈195), where the abundances are low and form a trough. This trough and the position of the third abundance peak are strongly affected by the masses of nuclei in the transition region between deformed and spherical. Based on different astrophysical environments, our results demonstrate that a microscopic theory of nuclear masses including correlations naturally smoothens the separation energies, thus reducing the trough and improving the agreement with observed solar system abundances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Arcones
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstraße 82, CH-4056, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Albers M, Warr N, Nomura K, Blazhev A, Jolie J, Mücher D, Bastin B, Bauer C, Bernards C, Bettermann L, Bildstein V, Butterworth J, Cappellazzo M, Cederkäll J, Cline D, Darby I, Das Gupta S, Daugas JM, Davinson T, De Witte H, Diriken J, Filipescu D, Fiori E, Fransen C, Gaffney LP, Georgiev G, Gernhäuser R, Hackstein M, Heinze S, Hess H, Huyse M, Jenkins D, Konki J, Kowalczyk M, Kröll T, Krücken R, Litzinger J, Lutter R, Marginean N, Mihai C, Moschner K, Napiorkowski P, Singh BSN, Nowak K, Otsuka T, Pakarinen J, Pfeiffer M, Radeck D, Reiter P, Rigby S, Robledo LM, Rodríguez-Guzmán R, Rudigier M, Sarriguren P, Scheck M, Seidlitz M, Siebeck B, Simpson G, Thöle P, Thomas T, Van de Walle J, Van Duppen P, Vermeulen M, Voulot D, Wadsworth R, Wenander F, Wimmer K, Zell KO, Zielinska M. Evidence for a smooth onset of deformation in the neutron-rich Kr isotopes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:062701. [PMID: 22401060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.062701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The neutron-rich nuclei 94,96Kr were studied via projectile Coulomb excitation at the REX-ISOLDE facility at CERN. Level energies of the first excited 2(+) states and their absolute E2 transition strengths to the ground state are determined and discussed in the context of the E(2(1)(+)) and B(E2;2(1)(+)→0(1)(+)) systematics of the krypton chain. Contrary to previously published results no sudden onset of deformation is observed. This experimental result is supported by a new proton-neutron interacting boson model calculation based on the constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approach using the microscopic Gogny-D1M energy density functional.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Albers
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|