1
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Lynn W, Xu T, Andonian G, Doran DS, Ha G, Majernik N, Piot P, Power J, Rosenzweig JB, Whiteford C, Wisniewski E. Observation of Skewed Electromagnetic Wakefields in an Asymmetric Structure Driven by Flat Electron Bunches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:165001. [PMID: 38701460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Relativistic charged-particle beams that generate intense longitudinal fields in accelerating structures also inherently couple to transverse modes. The effects of this coupling may lead to beam breakup instability and thus must be countered to preserve beam quality in applications such as linear colliders. Beams with highly asymmetric transverse sizes (flat beams) have been shown to suppress the initial instability in slab-symmetric structures. However, as the coupling to transverse modes remains, this solution serves only to delay instability. In order to understand the hazards of transverse coupling in such a case, we describe here an experiment characterizing the transverse effects on a flat beam, traversing near a planar dielectric lined structure. The measurements reveal the emergence of a previously unobserved skew-quadrupolelike interaction when the beam is canted transversely, which is not present when the flat beam travels parallel to the dielectric surface. We deploy a multipole field fitting algorithm to reconstruct the projected transverse wakefields from the data. We generate the effective kick vector map using a simple two-particle theoretical model, with particle-in-cell simulations used to provide further insight for realistic particle distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lynn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T Xu
- Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development and Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D S Doran
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G Ha
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - N Majernik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Piot
- Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development and Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Power
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Whiteford
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E Wisniewski
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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2
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Tu L, Feng C, Zhao Z. Ultrashort large-bandwidth X-ray free-electron laser generation with a dielectric-lined waveguide. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:243-251. [PMID: 38335148 PMCID: PMC10914166 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Large-bandwidth pulses produced by cutting-edge X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are of great importance in research fields like material science and biology. In this paper, a new method to generate high-power ultrashort FEL pulses with tunable spectral bandwidth with spectral coherence using a dielectric-lined waveguide without interfering operation of linacs is proposed. By exploiting the passive and dephasingless wakefield at terahertz frequency excited by the beam, stable energy modulation can be achieved in the electron beam and large-bandwidth high-intensity soft X-ray radiation can be generated. Three-dimensional start-to-end simulations have been carried out and the results show that coherent radiation pulses with duration of a few femtoseconds and bandwidths ranging from 1.01% to 2.16% can be achieved by changing the undulator taper profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lingjun Tu
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhentang Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Si M, Huang Y, Ruan M, Shen B, Xu Z, Yu T, Wang X, Chen Y. Relativistic-guided stable mode of few-cycle 20 µm level infrared radiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:40202-40209. [PMID: 38041326 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The generation of intense infrared radiation with a wavelength greater than 10 µm is limited by the optical materials in traditional methods or the laser-plasma parameters of plasma-bubble methods. In this study, we propose a new method for generating an intense longitudinal radiation field of tens of GV/m. By utilizing the oscillations of the electron film on the inner surface of the micro-tube, excited by the relativistic electron beam propagating within it, it is possible to obtain tunable long-wavelength few-cycle infrared radiation, ranging from 20 to 30 µm and even longer. The radiation source is guided entirely by a relativistic electron beam and formed a stable TM propagation mode in the micro-tube. This opens up new opportunities for applications of the relativistic intensity infrared radiation to high-field physics, shorter attosecond pulses generation and charged particle acceleration.
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4
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Fares H. Quantum terahertz Cherenkov radiation: theory and experimental feasibility. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2915-2918. [PMID: 35648963 DOI: 10.1364/ol.456465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A quantum approach is developed for describing the behavior of Cherenkov radiation (CR). Then we propose a scheme of terahertz CR operating in a quantum regime for which the discreteness of momentum exchange in the free electrons-light interaction is significant. In this quantum regime, the spectrum of the emitted radiation appears as discrete spectral lines with a significantly narrow linewidth. The resonant wavelength, wavelength spacing, and linewidth of the emission lines can be tuned by adjusting the parameters of electron beam and waveguide. It is verified that the criteria and constraints of the requirements for essential experimental parameters are practically feasible. This work has implications for future studies of the quantum interaction of free electrons with light as well as visualization of quantum light applications in sensing, imaging, and spectroscopy.
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5
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Light emission by free electrons in photonic time-crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2119705119. [PMID: 35131857 PMCID: PMC8833186 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119705119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonic time-crystals (PTCs) are spatially homogeneous media whose electromagnetic susceptibility varies periodically in time, causing temporal reflections and refractions for any wave propagating within the medium. The time-reflected and time-refracted waves interfere, giving rise to Floquet modes with momentum bands separated by momentum gaps (rather than energy bands and energy gaps, as in photonic crystals). Here, we present a study on the emission of radiation by free electrons in PTCs. We show that a free electron moving in a PTC spontaneously emits radiation, and when associated with momentum-gap modes, the electron emission process is exponentially amplified by the modulation of the refractive index. Moreover, under strong electron–photon coupling, the quantum formulation reveals that the spontaneous emission into the PTC bandgap experiences destructive quantum interference with the emission of the electron into the PTC band modes, leading to suppression of the interdependent emission. Free-electron physics in PTCs offers a platform for studying a plethora of exciting phenomena, such as radiating dipoles moving at relativistic speeds and highly efficient quantum interactions with free electrons.
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6
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Karnieli A, Rivera N, Arie A, Kaminer I. Superradiance and Subradiance due to Quantum Interference of Entangled Free Electrons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:060403. [PMID: 34420316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When multiple quantum emitters radiate, their emission rate may be enhanced or suppressed due to collective interference in a process known as super- or subradiance. Such processes are well known to occur also in light emission from free electrons, known as coherent cathodoluminescence. Unlike atomic systems, free electrons have an unbounded energy spectrum, and, thus, all their emission mechanisms rely on electron recoil, in addition to the classical properties of the dielectric medium. To date, all experimental and theoretical studies of super- and subradiance from free electrons assumed only classical correlations between particles. However, dependence on quantum correlations, such as entanglement between free electrons, has not been studied. Recent advances in coherent shaping of free-electron wave functions motivate the investigation of such quantum regimes of super- and subradiance. In this Letter, we show how a pair of coincident path-entangled electrons can demonstrate either super- or subradiant light emission, depending on the two-particle wave function. By choosing different free-electron Bell states, the spectrum and emission pattern of the light can be reshaped, in a manner that cannot be accounted for by a classical mixed state. We show these results for light emission in any optical medium and discuss their generalization to many-body quantum states. Our findings suggest that light emission can be sensitive to the explicit quantum state of the emitting matter wave and possibly serve as a nondestructive measurement scheme for measuring the quantum state of many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Karnieli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ady Arie
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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7
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Karnieli A, Rivera N, Arie A, Kaminer I. The coherence of light is fundamentally tied to the quantum coherence of the emitting particle. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf8096. [PMID: 33931454 PMCID: PMC8087421 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coherent emission of light by free charged particles is believed to be successfully captured by classical electromagnetism in all experimental settings. However, recent advances triggered fundamental questions regarding the role of the particle wave function in these processes. Here, we find that even in seemingly classical experimental regimes, light emission is fundamentally tied to the quantum coherence and correlations of the emitting particle. We use quantum electrodynamics to show how the particle's momentum uncertainty determines the optical coherence of the emitted light. We find that the temporal duration of Cherenkov radiation, envisioned for almost a century as a shock wave of light, is limited by underlying entanglement between the particle and light. Our findings enable new capabilities in electron microscopy for measuring quantum correlations of shaped electrons. Last, we propose new Cherenkov detection schemes, whereby measuring spectral photon autocorrelations can unveil the wave function structure of any charged high-energy particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Karnieli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ady Arie
- School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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8
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Floettmann K, Lemery F, Dohlus M, Marx M, Tsakanov V, Ivanyan M. Superradiant Cherenkov-wakefield radiation as THz source for FEL facilities. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:18-27. [PMID: 33399548 PMCID: PMC7842226 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520014058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An electron beam passing through a tube of small inner diameter which is lined on the inside with a dielectric layer will radiate energy in the THz range due to the interaction with the boundary. The resonant enhancement of certain frequencies is conditioned by structure parameters such as tube radius and the permittivity and thickness of the dielectric layer. In low-loss structures narrow-band radiation is generated which can be coupled out by suitable antennas. For higher frequencies, the coupling to the resistive outer metal layer becomes increasingly important. The losses in the outer layer prohibit reaching higher frequencies with narrow-band conditions. Instead, short broad-band pulses can be generated with still attractive power levels. In the first section of the paper, a general theory of the impedance of a two-layer structure is presented and the coupling to the outer resistive layer is discussed. Approximate relations for the radiated energy, power and pulse length for a set of structure parameters are derived and compared with numerical results in the following section. Finally, the first numerical result of the out-coupling of the radiation by means of a Vlasov antenna and estimates of the achieved beam quality are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Floettmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francois Lemery
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Dohlus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Marx
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Jiang S, Li W, He Z, Jia Q, Wang L. Intrinsically reducing divergence angle of Cherenkov radiation from dielectric capillary. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5416-5419. [PMID: 33001908 DOI: 10.1364/ol.401947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Narrow-band terahertz (THz) Cherenkov radiation can be excited as a relativistic electron bunch passes through the dielectric capillary with sub-millimeter radius. However, due to the diffraction effect, the radiation will enter free space with a large divergence angle, which makes it difficult to collect the radiation energy efficiently. In this Letter, to deal with this challenge, we propose to add a new dielectric layer, which satisfies a special relationship with the electron velocity, between the metal coating and original dielectric layer in the capillary. According to numerical simulation and theoretical analysis results, the divergence angle of radiation is significantly suppressed, and the peak power density is also enhanced by over two orders. As a result, the transmission efficiency from the radiation source to the optical system can be increased to over 90%. We expect that this method will provide a new way to generate THz Cherenkov radiation.
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10
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First demonstration of coherent resonant backward diffraction radiation for a quasi-monochromatic terahertz-light source. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7526. [PMID: 32371899 PMCID: PMC7200690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We proposed coherent resonant backward diffraction radiation (CRBDR), which generates wavelength-tunable quasi-monochromatic lights using a compact diffractor assembly in an accelerator facility of high-energy electron beams, as a unique intense terahertz (THz) light source. Superimposing the coherent backward diffracted radiation emitted by periodically arranged hollow diffractors, it is possible to amplify the frequency components satisfying a resonant condition, and make the radiation monochromatic. We demonstrated the CRBDR using the L-band linac at the Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science at Kyoto University. It was observed that the coherent backward diffraction radiation was amplified more than three times at a frequency which was the fundamental resonant frequency in the CRBDR theory. Moreover, the number of diffractors at the saturation of the radiation power was consistent with the number estimated from the electron distribution in a bunch. The experimental results show that the CRBDR is useful as a quasi-monochromatic light source in the THz band.
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11
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Aryshev A, Potylitsyn AP, Naumenko GA, Shevelev M, Shkitov D, Sukhikh LG, Terunuma N, Urakawa J. Observation of grating diffraction radiation at the KEK LUCX facility. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7589. [PMID: 32372064 PMCID: PMC7200665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of linac–based narrow–band THz sources with sub–picosecond, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\mu J$$\end{document}μJ-level radiation pulses is in demand from the scientific community. Intrinsically monochromatic emitters such as coherent Smith–Purcell radiation sources appear as natural candidates. However, the lack of broad spectral tunability continues to stimulate active research in this field. We hereby present the first experimental investigation of coherent grating diffraction radiation (GDR), for which comparable radiation intensity with central frequency fine–tuning in a much wider spectral range has been confirmed. Additionally, the approach allows for bandwidth selection at the same central frequency. The experimental validation of performance included the basic spectral, spatial and polarization properties. The discussion of the comparison between GDR intensity and other coherent radiation sources is also presented. These results further strengthen the foundation for the design of a tabletop wide–range tunable quasi–monochromatic or multi–colour radiation source in the GHz–THz frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aryshev
- KEK: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - A P Potylitsyn
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation, Russia.
| | - G A Naumenko
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - M Shevelev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - D Shkitov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - L G Sukhikh
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation, Russia
| | - N Terunuma
- KEK: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - J Urakawa
- KEK: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Tsukuba, Japan
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12
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O'Shea BD, Andonian G, Baturin SS, Clarke CI, Hoang PD, Hogan MJ, Naranjo B, Williams OB, Yakimenko V, Rosenzweig JB. Suppression of Deflecting Forces in Planar-Symmetric Dielectric Wakefield Accelerating Structures with Elliptical Bunches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:104801. [PMID: 32216389 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wakefield based accelerators capable of accelerating gradients 2 orders of magnitude higher than present accelerators offer a path to compact high energy physics instruments and light sources. However, for high gradient accelerators, beam instabilities driven by commensurately high transverse wakefields limit beam quality. Previously, it has been theoretically shown that transverse wakefields can be reduced by elliptically shaping the transverse sizes of beams in dielectric structures with planar symmetry. Here, we report experimental measurements that demonstrate reduced transverse wakefields for elliptical beams in planar symmetric structures which are consistent with theoretical models. These results may enable the design of gigavolt-per-meter gradient wakefield based accelerators that produce and stably accelerate high quality beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D O'Shea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gerard Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S S Baturin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | | | - P D Hoang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mark J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Brian Naranjo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Oliver B Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Vitaly Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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13
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Zhang J, Hu X, Chen H, Gao F. DESIGNER SURFACE PLASMONS ENABLE TERAHERTZ CHERENKOV RADIATION (INVITED). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2528/pier20102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Xie Y, Petroccia H, Maity A, Miao T, Zhu Y, Bruza P, Pogue BW, Plastaras JP, Dong L, Zhu TC. Cherenkov imaging for total skin electron therapy (TSET). Med Phys 2020; 47:201-212. [PMID: 31665544 PMCID: PMC7050296 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total skin electron therapy (TSET) utilizes high-energy electrons to treat malignancies on the entire body surface. The otherwise invisible radiation beam can be observed via the optical Cherenkov photons emitted from interactions between the high-energy electron beam and tissue. METHODS AND MATERIALS With a time-gated intensified camera system, the Cherenkov emission can be used to evaluate the dose uniformity on the surface of the patient in real time. Fifteen patients undergoing TSET in various conditions (whole body and half body) were imaged and analyzed. Each patient was monitored during TSET via in vivo detectors (IVD) in nine locations. For accurate Cherenkov imaging, a comparison between IVD and Cherenkov profiles was conducted using a polyvinyl chloride board to establish the perspective corrections. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION With proper corrections developed in this study including the perspective and inverse square corrections, the Cherenkov imaging provided two-dimensional maps proportional to dose and projected on patient skin. The results of ratio between chest and umbilicus points were in good agreement with in vivo point dose measurements, with a standard deviation of 2.4% compared to OSLD measurements. CONCLUSIONS Cherenkov imaging is a viable tool for validating patient-specific dose distributions during TSET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Heather Petroccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amit Maity
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tianshun Miao
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Petr Bruza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
- DoseOptics LLC, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - John P. Plastaras
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy C. Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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15
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O'Shea BD, Andonian G, Barber SK, Clarke CI, Hoang PD, Hogan MJ, Naranjo B, Williams OB, Yakimenko V, Rosenzweig JB. Conductivity Induced by High-Field Terahertz Waves in Dielectric Material. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:134801. [PMID: 31697514 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.134801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An intense, subpicosecond, relativistic electron beam traversing a dielectric-lined waveguide generates very large amplitude electric fields at terahertz (THz) frequencies through the wakefield mechanism. In recent work employing this technique to accelerate charged particles, the generation of high-power, narrow-band THz radiation was demonstrated. The radiated waves contain fields with measured amplitude exceeding 2 GV/m, orders of magnitude greater than those available by other THz generation techniques at a narrow bandwidth. For fields approaching the GV/m level, a strong damping has been observed in SiO_{2}. This wave attenuation with an onset near 850 MV/m is consistent with changes to the conductivity of the dielectric lining and is characterized by a distinctive latching mechanism that is reversible on longer timescales. We describe the detailed measurements that serve to clarify the underlying physical mechanisms leading to strong field-induced damping of THz radiation (hω=1.59 meV, f=0.38 THz) in SiO_{2}, a bulk, wide band-gap (8.9 eV) dielectric.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D O'Shea
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Andonian
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S K Barber
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C I Clarke
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P D Hoang
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M J Hogan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Naranjo
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - O B Williams
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - V Yakimenko
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- UCLA Department of Physics and Astronomy, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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16
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Jin S, Wang X, Han P, Sun W, Feng S, Ye J, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Modulation of terahertz radiation from graphene surface plasmon polaritons via surface acoustic wave. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:11137-11151. [PMID: 31052962 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.011137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of terahertz (THz) radiation induced by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a graphene layer under modulation by a surface acoustic wave (SAW). In our gedanken experiment, SPPs are excited by an electron beam moving on a graphene layer situated on a piezoelectric MoS2 flake. Under modulation by the SAW field, charge carriers are periodically distributed over the MoS2 flake, and this causes periodically distributed permittivity. The periodic permittivity structure of the MoS2 flake folds the SPP dispersion curve back into the center of the first Brillouin zone, in a manner analogous to a crystal, leading to THz radiation emission with conservation of the wavevectors between the SPPs and the electromagnetic waves. Both the frequency and the intensity of the THz radiation are tuned by adjusting the chemical potential of the graphene layer, the MoS2 flake doping density, and the wavelength and period of the external SAW field. A maximum energy conversion efficiency as high as ninety percent was obtained from our model calculations. These results indicate an opportunity to develop highly tunable and integratable THz sources based on graphene devices.
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17
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Lu X, Shapiro MA, Mastovsky I, Temkin RJ, Conde M, Power JG, Shao J, Wisniewski EE, Jing C. Generation of High-Power, Reversed-Cherenkov Wakefield Radiation in a Metamaterial Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:014801. [PMID: 31012710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present the first demonstration of high-power, reversed-Cherenkov wakefield radiation by electron bunches passing through a metamaterial structure. The structure supports a fundamental transverse magnetic mode with a negative group velocity leading to reversed-Cherenkov radiation, which was clearly verified in the experiments. Single 45 nC electron bunches of 65 MeV traversing the structure generated up to 25 MW in 2 ns pulses at 11.4 GHz, in excellent agreement with theory. Two bunches of 85 nC with appropriate temporal spacing generated up to 80 MW by coherent wakefield superposition, the highest rf power that metamaterial structures ever experienced without damage. These results demonstrate the unique features of metamaterial structures that are very attractive for future high-gradient wakefield accelerators, including two-beam and collinear accelerators. Advantages include the high shunt impedance for high-power generation and high-gradient acceleration, the simple and rugged structure, and a large parameter space for optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Lu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael A Shapiro
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ivan Mastovsky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Richard J Temkin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Manoel Conde
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60459, USA
| | - John G Power
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60459, USA
| | - Jiahang Shao
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60459, USA
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18
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Wang D, Su X, Du Y, Tian Q, Liang Y, Niu L, Huang W, Gai W, Yan L, Tang C, Antipov S. Non-perturbing THz generation at the Tsinghua University Accelerator Laboratory 31 MeV electron beamline. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:093301. [PMID: 30278713 DOI: 10.1063/1.5042006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent experiments at Tsinghua University Accelerator Laboratory, the 31 MeV electron beam, which has been compressed to subpicosecond pulse durations, has been used to generate high peak power, narrow band Terahertz (THz) radiation by transit through different slow wave structures, specifically quartz capillaries metallized on the outside. Despite the high peak powers that have been produced, the THz pulse energy is negligible compared to the energy of the electron beam. Therefore, the THz generation process can be complementary to other beamline applications like plasma wakefield acceleration studies and Compton x-ray free electron lasers. This approach can be used at x-ray free electron laser beamlines, where THz radiation can be generated without disturbing the x-ray generation process. In the experiment reported here, a high peak current electron beam generated strong narrow band (∼1% bandwidth) THz signals in the form of a mixture of TM01 and TM02 modes. Each slow wave structure is completed with a mode converter at the end of the structure that allows for efficient (>90%) power extraction into free space. In the experiment, both modes in these two dielectric-loaded waveguides TM01 (0.3 THz/0.5 THz) and TM02 (0.9 THz/1.3 THz) were explicitly measured with an interferometer. The THz pulse energy was measured with a calibrated Golay cell at a few μJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Xiaolu Su
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | | | - Qili Tian
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | | | - Lujia Niu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | | | - Wei Gai
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Lixin Yan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
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19
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Hoang PD, Andonian G, Gadjev I, Naranjo B, Sakai Y, Sudar N, Williams O, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Swinson C, Zhang P, Rosenzweig JB. Experimental Characterization of Electron-Beam-Driven Wakefield Modes in a Dielectric-Woodpile Cartesian Symmetric Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:164801. [PMID: 29756951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.164801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photonic structures operating in the terahertz (THz) spectral region enable the essential characteristics of confinement, modal control, and electric field shielding for very high gradient accelerators based on wakefields in dielectrics. We report here an experimental investigation of THz wakefield modes in a three-dimensional photonic woodpile structure. Selective control in exciting or suppressing of wakefield modes with a nonzero transverse wave vector is demonstrated by using drive beams of varying transverse ellipticity. Additionally, we show that the wakefield spectrum is insensitive to the offset position of strongly elliptical beams. These results are consistent with analytic theory and three-dimensional simulations and illustrate a key advantage of wakefield systems with Cartesian symmetry: the suppression of transverse wakes by elliptical beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Hoang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - I Gadjev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - B Naranjo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - Y Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - N Sudar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - O Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Zhang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
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20
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First demonstration of coherent Cherenkov radiation matched to circular plane wave. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17440. [PMID: 29234106 PMCID: PMC5727164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed coherent Cherenkov radiation matched to a circular plane wave (CCR-MCP) for the first time using a hollow conical dielectric made of a high-density polyethylene. The refractive index and the absorption coefficient of the dielectric were evaluated to be 1.537 ± 0.004 and 0.006 ± 0.028 by measuring the pulse formed by the interference between the CCR-MCP and the coherent diffraction radiation. These values were consistent with the values shown in a reference for the high-density polyethylene. In accordance with the theory of the Cherenkov radiation, the spectrum of the CCR-MCP shifted towards higher wavenumbers compared to that of the coherent diffraction radiation. The intensity of the CCR-MCP beam was proportional to the height of the hollow conical dielectric and was 3 times the intensity of the coherent diffraction radiation. The CCR-MCP technique can produce broadband terahertz-wave sources with unprecedented power at compact accelerator facilities.
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21
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Andonian G, Barber S, O'Shea FH, Fedurin M, Kusche K, Swinson C, Rosenzweig JB. Generation of Ramped Current Profiles in Relativistic Electron Beams Using Wakefields in Dielectric Structures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:054802. [PMID: 28211719 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.054802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temporal pulse tailoring of charged-particle beams is essential to optimize efficiency in collinear wakefield acceleration schemes. In this Letter, we demonstrate a novel phase space manipulation method that employs a beam wakefield interaction in a dielectric structure, followed by bunch compression in a permanent magnet chicane, to longitudinally tailor the pulse shape of an electron beam. This compact, passive, approach was used to generate a nearly linearly ramped current profile in a relativistic electron beam experiment carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility. Here, we report on these experimental results including beam and wakefield diagnostics and pulse profile reconstruction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- RadiaBeam Technologies, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA
| | - S Barber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F H O'Shea
- RadiaBeam Technologies, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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22
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Observation of acceleration and deceleration in gigaelectron-volt-per-metre gradient dielectric wakefield accelerators. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12763. [PMID: 27624348 PMCID: PMC5027279 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is urgent need to develop new acceleration techniques capable of exceeding gigaelectron-volt-per-metre (GeV m−1) gradients in order to enable future generations of both light sources and high-energy physics experiments. To address this need, short wavelength accelerators based on wakefields, where an intense relativistic electron beam radiates the demanded fields directly into the accelerator structure or medium, are currently under intense investigation. One such wakefield based accelerator, the dielectric wakefield accelerator, uses a dielectric lined-waveguide to support a wakefield used for acceleration. Here we show gradients of 1.347±0.020 GeV m−1 using a dielectric wakefield accelerator of 15 cm length, with sub-millimetre transverse aperture, by measuring changes of the kinetic state of relativistic electron beams. We follow this measurement by demonstrating accelerating gradients of 320±17 MeV m−1. Both measurements improve on previous measurements by and order of magnitude and show promise for dielectric wakefield accelerators as sources of high-energy electrons. Wakefield accelerators are a cheaper and compact alternative to conventional particle accelerators for high-energy physics and coherent x-ray sources. Here, the authors demonstrate a field gradient in excess of a gigaelectron-volt-per-metre using a terahertz-frequency wakefield supported by a dielectric lined-waveguide.
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23
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Li W, Lu Y, He Z, Jia Q, Wang L. Harmonics generation of a terahertz wakefield free-electron laser from a dielectric loaded waveguide excited by a direct current electron beam. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:2458-2461. [PMID: 27244388 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.002458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We propose to generate high-power terahertz (THz) radiation from a cylindrical dielectric loaded waveguide (DLW) excited by a direct-current electron beam with the harmonics generation method. The DLW supports a discrete set of modes that can be excited by an electron beam passing through the structure. The interaction of these modes with the co-propagating electron beam results in micro-bunching and the coherent enhancement of the wakefield radiation, which is dominated by the fundamental mode. By properly choosing the parameters of DLW and beam energy, the high order modes can be the harmonics of the fundamental one; thus, high frequency radiation corresponding to the high order modes will benefit from the dominating bunching process at the fundamental eigenfrequency and can also be coherently excited. With the proposed method, high power THz radiation can be obtained with an easily achievable electron beam and a large DLW structure.
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24
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Liao GQ, Li YT, Zhang YH, Liu H, Ge XL, Yang S, Wei WQ, Yuan XH, Deng YQ, Zhu BJ, Zhang Z, Wang WM, Sheng ZM, Chen LM, Lu X, Ma JL, Wang X, Zhang J. Demonstration of Coherent Terahertz Transition Radiation from Relativistic Laser-Solid Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:205003. [PMID: 27258873 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.205003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coherent transition radiation in the terahertz (THz) region with energies of sub-mJ/pulse has been demonstrated by relativistic laser-driven electron beams crossing the solid-vacuum boundary. Targets including mass-limited foils and layered metal-plastic targets are used to verify the radiation mechanism and characterize the radiation properties. Observations of THz emissions as a function of target parameters agree well with the formation-zone and diffraction model of transition radiation. Particle-in-cell simulations also well reproduce the observed characteristics of THz emissions. The present THz transition radiation enables not only a potential tabletop brilliant THz source, but also a novel noninvasive diagnostic for fast electron generation and transport in laser-plasma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qian Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Tong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi-Hang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xu-Lei Ge
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Su Yang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen-Qing Wei
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan-Qing Deng
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Bao-Jun Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing-Long Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MoE) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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25
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Tailoring of Highly Intense THz Radiation Through High Brightness Electron Beams Longitudinal Manipulation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Nie Y. Wakefields in THz cylindrical dielectric lined waveguides driven by femtosecond electron bunches. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Andonian G, Williams O, Barber S, Bruhwiler D, Favier P, Fedurin M, Fitzmorris K, Fukasawa A, Hoang P, Kusche K, Naranjo B, O'Shea B, Stoltz P, Swinson C, Valloni A, Rosenzweig JB. Planar-dielectric-wakefield accelerator structure using Bragg-reflector boundaries. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:264801. [PMID: 25615344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.264801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental measurements of narrow-band, single-mode excitation, and drive beam energy modulation, in a dielectric wakefield accelerating structure with planar geometry and Bragg-reflector boundaries. A short, relativistic electron beam (∼1 ps) with moderate charge (∼100 pC) is used to drive the wakefields in the structure. The fundamental mode of the structure is reinforced by constructive interference in the alternating dielectric layers at the boundary, and is characterized by the spectral analysis of the emitted coherent Cherenkov radiation signal. Data analysis shows a narrow-band peak at 210 GHz corresponding to the fundamental mode of the structure. Simulations in both 2D and 3D provide insight into the propagating fields and reproduction of the electron beams dynamics observables and emitted radiation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - O Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Barber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - D Bruhwiler
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Center for Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and RadiaSoft LLC, Boulder, Colorado 80304, USA
| | - P Favier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Fedurin
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Fitzmorris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - A Fukasawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Hoang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Kusche
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B Naranjo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B O'Shea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Stoltz
- Tech-X Corporation, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - C Swinson
- Accelerator Test Facility, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Valloni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J B Rosenzweig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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28
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Baturin SS, Kanareykin AD. Cherenkov radiation from short relativistic bunches: general approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:214801. [PMID: 25479498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.214801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years new interest in Cherenkov radiation has arisen based on progress in its new applications like biomedical imaging, photonic structures, metamaterials, and beam physics. These new applications require Cherenkov radiation theory of short bunches to be extended to rather more complicated media and structures than considered originally. We present a new general approach to the analysis of Cherenkov fields and loss factors for relativistic short bunches in arbitrary slow wave guiding systems. This new formalism is obtained by considering a general integral relation that allows calculation of the fields in the vicinity of the charge. The proposed approach dramatically simplifies simulations using analytical fields near the moving source of Cherenkov radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Baturin
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI, St. Petersburg, Russia 197376
| | - A D Kanareykin
- St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI, St. Petersburg, Russia 197376 and Euclid Techlabs, LLC, Solon, Ohio 44139, USA
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29
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Galyamin SN, Tyukhtin AV, Antipov S, Baturin SS. Terahertz radiation from an ultra-relativistic charge exiting the open end of a waveguide with a dielectric layer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:8902-8907. [PMID: 24787779 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.008902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We analyze radiation produced by an ultrarelativistic charge as it exits the open end of a cylindrical waveguide with a dielectric lining. The end of the waveguide can be either orthogonal to the structure axis or skewed. To obtain terahertz radiation from waveguides with centimeter or millimeter radii, we consider high order TM(0m) modes driven by the beam. We obtain an integral representation which describes the radiation produced by a single waveguide mode in the Fraunhofer zone. We perform a series of numerical calculations for structures which look promising for generation of THz radiation. It is shown that for a mode with large mode number, the aperture of the vacuum channel gives the main contribution to the field if the skew angle of the waveguide aperture is not too small. Simple expressions for the angle of the main pattern lobe maximum are obtained.
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30
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Bera A, Barik RK, Sattorov M, Kwon O, Min SH, Baek IK, Kim S, So JK, Park GS. Surface-coupling of Cerenkov radiation from a modified metallic metamaterial slab via Brillouin-band folding. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:3039-3044. [PMID: 24663594 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.003039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Metallic metamaterials with positive dielectric responses are promising as an alternative to dielectrics for the generation of Cerenkov radiation [J.-K. So et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(15), 151107 (2010)]. We propose here by theoretical analysis a mechanism to couple out Cerenkov radiation from the slab surfaces in the transverse direction. The proposed method based on Brillouin-zone folding is to periodically modify the thickness of the metamaterial slab in the axial direction. Moreover, the intensity of the surface-coupled radiation by this mechanism shows an order-of-magnitude enhancement compared to that of ordinary Smith-Purcell radiation.
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31
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Antipov S, Jing C, Schoessow P, Kanareykin A, Yakimenko V, Zholents A, Gai W. High power terahertz radiation source based on electron beam wakefields. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:022706. [PMID: 23464188 DOI: 10.1063/1.4790432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A table top device for producing high peak power (tens of megawatts to a gigawatt) T-ray beams is described. An electron beam with a rectangular longitudinal profile is produced out of a photoinjector via stacking of the laser pulses. The beam is also run off-crest of the photoinjector rf to develop an energy chirp. After passing through a dielectric loaded waveguide, the beam's energy becomes modulated by its self-wake. In a chicane beamline following the dielectric energy-bunching section this energy modulation is converted to a density modulation-a bunch train. The density modulated beam can be sent through a power extraction section, like a dielectric loaded accelerating structure, or simply can intercept a foil target, producing THz radiation of various bandwidths and power levels.
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32
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Liu S, Zhang P, Liu W, Gong S, Zhong R, Zhang Y, Hu M. Surface polariton Cherenkov light radiation source. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:153902. [PMID: 23102309 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.153902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A physical phenomenon has been found: in a structure of nanometal film with dielectric-medium loading, the surface polaritons excited by a uniformly moving electron bunch can be transformed into Cherenkov radiation with intensity enhancement in the medium. Based on this mechanism, the surface polariton Cherenkov light radiation source is presented and explored in the Letter. The results show that surface polariton Cherenkov light radiation source can generate radiation, from visible light to the ultraviolet frequency regime and the radiation power density can reach or even exceed 10(8) W/cm(2) depending on the beam energy and current density. It is a tunable and miniature light radiation source promising to be integrated on a chip and built into a light radiation source array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenggang Liu
- Terahertz Science and Technology Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Andonian G, Stratakis D, Babzien M, Barber S, Fedurin M, Hemsing E, Kusche K, Muggli P, O'Shea B, Wei X, Williams O, Yakimenko V, Rosenzweig JB. Dielectric wakefield acceleration of a relativistic electron beam in a slab-symmetric dielectric lined waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:244801. [PMID: 23004279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.244801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report first evidence of wakefield acceleration of a relativistic electron beam in a dielectric-lined slab-symmetric structure. The high energy tail of a ∼60 MeV electron beam was accelerated by ∼150 keV in a 2 cm-long, slab-symmetric SiO2 waveguide, with the acceleration or deceleration clearly visible due to the use of a beam with a bifurcated longitudinal distribution that serves to approximate a driver-witness beam pair. This split-bunch distribution is verified by longitudinal reconstruction analysis of the emitted coherent transition radiation. The dielectric waveguide structure is further characterized by spectral analysis of the emitted coherent Cherenkov radiation at THz frequencies, from a single electron bunch, and from a relativistic bunch train with spacing selectively tuned to the second longitudinal mode (TM02). Start-to-end simulation results reproduce aspects of the electron beam bifurcation dynamics, emitted THz radiation properties, and the observation of acceleration in the dielectric-lined, slab-symmetric waveguide.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Andonian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Proposal for generation of high-intensity monochromatic Cherenkov radiation in THz range by femtosecond electron bunches in impurity-doped semiconductor tube. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dependence of Potential Well Depth on the Magnetic Field Intensity in a Polywell Reactor. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-011-9474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Krause J, Wagner M, Winnerl S, Helm M, Stehr D. Tunable narrowband THz pulse generation in scalable large area photoconductive antennas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:19114-19121. [PMID: 21996852 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.019114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The generation and characterization of narrowband THz pulses by means of chirped pulse difference frequency generation in Auston-switch type photoconductive antennas is reported. Using optical pulses with energies in the range from 1 nJ to 1 µJ, we generate THz pulses with up to 50 pJ in energy and electric field strengths on the order of 1 kV/cm. Two emitter concepts are investigated and circumvention of the fast saturation for small area excitation by scaling of the THz emitter is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krause
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119, 01314 Dresden, Germany
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