1
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Ma Y, Peng C, Cui X. Borromean Droplet in Three-Component Ultracold Bose Gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:043002. [PMID: 34355973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate droplet formation in three-component ultracold bosons. In particular, we identify the formation of a Borromean droplet, where only the ternary bosons can form a self-bound droplet while any binary subsystems cannot, as the first example of Borromean binding due to a collective many-body effect. Its formation is facilitated by an additional attractive force induced by the density fluctuation of a third component, which enlarges the mean-field collapse region in comparison to the binary case and renders the formation of a Borromean droplet after incorporating the repulsive force from quantum fluctuations. Outside the Borromean regime, we demonstrate an interesting phenomenon of droplet phase separation due to the competition between ternary and binary droplets. We further show that the transition between different droplets and gas phase can be conveniently tuned by boson numbers and interaction strengths. The study reveals the rich physics of a quantum droplet in three-component boson mixtures and sheds light on the more intriguing many-body bound state formed in multicomponent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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2
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Xie X, Van de Graaff MJ, Chapurin R, Frye MD, Hutson JM, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Ye J, Cornell EA. Observation of Efimov Universality across a Nonuniversal Feshbach Resonance in ^{39}K. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:243401. [PMID: 33412063 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.243401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study three-atom inelastic scattering in ultracold ^{39}K near a Feshbach resonance of intermediate coupling strength. The nonuniversal character of such resonance leads to an abnormally large Efimov absolute length scale and a relatively small effective range r_{e}, allowing the features of the ^{39}K Efimov spectrum to be better isolated from the short-range physics. Meticulous characterization of and correction for finite-temperature effects ensure high accuracy on the measurements of these features at large-magnitude scattering lengths. For a single Feshbach resonance, we unambiguously locate four distinct features in the Efimov structure. Three of these features form ratios that obey the Efimov universal scaling to within 10%, while the fourth feature, occurring at a value of scattering length closest to r_{e}, instead deviates from the universal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael J Van de Graaff
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Roman Chapurin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Matthew D Frye
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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3
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Chapurin R, Xie X, Van de Graaff MJ, Popowski JS, D'Incao JP, Julienne PS, Ye J, Cornell EA. Precision Test of the Limits to Universality in Few-Body Physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233402. [PMID: 31868479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We perform precise studies of two- and three-body interactions near an intermediate-strength Feshbach resonance in ^{39}K at 33.5820(14) G. Precise measurement of dimer binding energies, spanning three orders of magnitude, enables the construction of a complete two-body coupled-channel model for determination of the scattering lengths with an unprecedented low uncertainty. Utilizing an accurate scattering length map, we measure the precise location of the Efimov ground state to test van der Waals universality. Precise control of the sample's temperature and density ensures that systematic effects on the Efimov trimer state are well understood. We measure the ground Efimov resonance location to be at -14.05(17) times the van der Waals length r_{vdW}, significantly deviating from the value of -9.7r_{vdW} predicted by van der Waals universality. We find that a refined multichannel three-body model, built on our measurement of two-body physics, can account for this difference and even successfully predict the Efimov inelasticity parameter η.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Chapurin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael J Van de Graaff
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jared S Popowski
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - José P D'Incao
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Paul S Julienne
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Eric A Cornell
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the University of Colorado, Department of Physics, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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4
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Gregory PD, Frye MD, Blackmore JA, Bridge EM, Sawant R, Hutson JM, Cornish SL. Sticky collisions of ultracold RbCs molecules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3104. [PMID: 31308368 PMCID: PMC6629645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling collisions is crucial to the burgeoning field of ultracold molecules. All experiments so far have observed fast loss of molecules from the trap. However, the dominant mechanism for collisional loss is not well understood when there are no allowed 2-body loss processes. Here we experimentally investigate collisional losses of nonreactive ultracold 87Rb133Cs molecules, and compare our findings with the sticky collision hypothesis that pairs of molecules form long-lived collision complexes. We demonstrate that loss of molecules occupying their rotational and hyperfine ground state is best described by second-order rate equations, consistent with the expectation for complex-mediated collisions, but that the rate is lower than the limit of universal loss. The loss is insensitive to magnetic field but increases for excited rotational states. We demonstrate that dipolar effects lead to significantly faster loss for an incoherent mixture of rotational states. Ultracold polar molecules are an excellent platform for quantum science but experiments so far see fast trap losses that are poorly understood. Here the authors investigate collisional losses of nonreactive RbCs, and show they are consistent with the sticky collision hypothesis, but are slower than the universal rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Gregory
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Matthew D Frye
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jacob A Blackmore
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Bridge
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Rahul Sawant
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Simon L Cornish
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC), Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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5
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Deng S, Diao P, Li F, Yu Q, Yu S, Wu H. Observation of Dynamical Super-Efimovian Expansion in a Unitary Fermi Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:125301. [PMID: 29694076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report an observation of a dynamical super Efimovian expansion in a strongly interacting Fermi gas by engineering time dependent external harmonic trap frequencies. When the trap frequency is tailored as [1/4t^{2}+1/t^{2}λlog^{2}(t/t_{*})]^{1/2}, where t_{*} and λ are two controllable parameters, and the change is faster than a critical value, the expansion of such a quantum gas shows novel dynamics that share the same characteristics as the super Efimov effect. A clear double-log periodicity with discrete geometric scaling emerges for the cloud size in the expansion. The universality of such scaling dynamics is verified both in the noninteracting and in the unitarity limit of Fermi gas. Moreover, the measured energy scaling reveals that the potential and internal energy also show double-log periodicity with a π/2 phase difference, but the total energy is monotonically decreased. Observing super Efimovian evolution represents a paradigm in probing universal properties and allows us in a new way to study many-body nonequilibrium dynamics with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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6
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Sun M, Zhai H, Cui X. Visualizing the Efimov Correlation in Bose Polarons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:013401. [PMID: 28731773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bose polaron is a quasiparticle of an impurity dressed by surrounding bosons. In few-body physics, it is known that two identical bosons and a third distinguishable particle can form a sequence of Efimov bound states in the vicinity of interspecies scattering resonance. On the other hand, in the Bose polaron system with an impurity atom embedded in many bosons, no signature of Efimov physics has been reported in the existing spectroscopy measurements to date. In this Letter, we propose that a large mass imbalance between a light impurity and heavy bosons can help produce visible signatures of Efimov physics in such a spectroscopy measurement. Using the diagrammatic approach in the virial expansion to include three-body effects from pair-wise interactions, we determine the impurity self-energy and its spectral function. Taking the ^{6}Li-^{133}Cs system as a concrete example, we find two visible Efimov branches in the polaron spectrum, as well as their hybridizations with the attractive polaron branch. We also discuss the general scenarios for observing the signature of Efimov physics in polaron systems. This work paves the way for experimentally exploring intriguing few-body correlations in a many-body system in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoling Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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7
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Naidon P, Endo S. Efimov physics: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056001. [PMID: 28350544 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa50e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews theoretical and experimental advances in Efimov physics, an array of quantum few-body and many-body phenomena arising for particles interacting via short-range resonant interactions, that is based on the appearance of a scale-invariant three-body attraction theoretically discovered by Vitaly Efimov in 1970. This three-body effect was originally proposed to explain the binding of nuclei such as the triton and the Hoyle state of carbon-12, and later considered as a simple explanation for the existence of some halo nuclei. It was subsequently evidenced in trapped ultra-cold atomic clouds and in diffracted molecular beams of gaseous helium. These experiments revealed that the previously undetermined three-body parameter introduced in the Efimov theory to stabilise the three-body attraction typically scales with the range of atomic interactions. The few- and many-body consequences of the Efimov attraction have been since investigated theoretically, and are expected to be observed in a broader spectrum of physical systems.
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8
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Comparin T, Krauth W. Momentum Distribution in the Unitary Bose Gas from First Principles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:225301. [PMID: 27925718 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.225301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We consider a realistic bosonic N-particle model with unitary interactions relevant for Efimov physics. Using quantum Monte Carlo methods, we find that the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation is decreased with respect to the ideal Bose gas. We also determine the full momentum distribution of the gas, including its universal asymptotic behavior, and compare this crucial observable to recent experimental data. Similar to the experiments with different atomic species, differentiated solely by a three-body length scale, our model only depends on a single parameter. We establish a weak influence of this parameter on physical observables. In current experiments, the thermodynamic instability of our model from the atomic gas towards an Efimov liquid could be masked by the dynamical instability due to three-body losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Comparin
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure/PSL Research University, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Werner Krauth
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, École Normale Supérieure/PSL Research University, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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9
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Shu D, Simbotin I, Côté R. Near Threshold Effects on Recombination and Vibrational Relaxation in Efimov Systems. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3655-3663. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Shu
- Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 USA
| | - Ionel Simbotin
- Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 USA
| | - Robin Côté
- Department of Physics University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06268 USA
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10
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Ulmanis J, Häfner S, Pires R, Kuhnle ED, Wang Y, Greene CH, Weidemüller M. Heteronuclear Efimov Scenario with Positive Intraspecies Scattering Length. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:153201. [PMID: 27768363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically and experimentally the heteronuclear Efimov scenario for a three-body system that consists of two bosons and one distinguishable particle with positive intraspecies scattering lengths. The three-body parameter at the three-body scattering threshold and the scaling factor between consecutive Efimov resonances are found to be controlled by the scattering length between the two bosons, approximately independent of short-range physics. We observe two excited-state Efimov resonances in the three-body recombination spectra of an ultracold mixture of fermionic ^{6}Li and bosonic ^{133}Cs atoms close to a Li-Cs Feshbach resonance, where the Cs-Cs interaction is positive. Deviation of the obtained scaling factor of 4.0(3) from the universal prediction of 4.9 and the absence of the ground state Efimov resonance shed new light on the interpretation of the universality and the discrete scaling behavior of heteronuclear Efimov physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juris Ulmanis
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Häfner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rico Pires
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva D Kuhnle
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2036, USA
| | - Matthias Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, and CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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11
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Deng S, Shi ZY, Diao P, Yu Q, Zhai H, Qi R, Wu H. Observation of the Efimovian expansion in scale-invariant Fermi gases. Science 2016; 353:371-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf0666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Yu Shi
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qianli Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ran Qi
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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12
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Nishida Y. Polaronic atom-trimer continuity in three-component Fermi gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:115302. [PMID: 25839286 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently it has been proposed that three-component Fermi gases may exhibit a new type of crossover physics in which an unpaired Fermi sea of atoms smoothly evolves into that of trimers in addition to the ordinary BCS-BEC crossover of condensed pairs. Here we study its corresponding polaron problem in which a single impurity atom of one component interacts with condensed pairs of the other two components with equal populations. By developing a variational approach in the vicinity of a narrow Feshbach resonance, we show that the impurity atom smoothly changes its character from atom to trimer with increasing the attraction and eventually there is a sharp transition to dimer. The emergent polaronic atom-trimer continuity can be probed in ultracold atoms experiments by measuring the impurity spectral function. Our novel crossover wave function properly incorporating the polaronic atom-trimer continuity will provide a useful basis to further investigate the phase diagram of three-component Fermi gases in more general situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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13
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Tung SK, Jiménez-García K, Johansen J, Parker CV, Chin C. Geometric scaling of Efimov states in a ⁶Li-¹³³Cs mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:240402. [PMID: 25541753 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.240402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In few-body physics, Efimov states are an infinite series of three-body bound states that obey universal discrete scaling symmetry when pairwise interactions are resonantly enhanced. Despite abundant reports of Efimov states in recent cold atom experiments, direct observation of the discrete scaling symmetry remains an elusive goal. Here we report the observation of three consecutive Efimov resonances in a heteronuclear Li-Cs mixture near a broad interspecies Feshbach resonance. The positions of the resonances closely follow a geometric series 1, λ, λ². The observed scaling constant λ(exp)=4.9(4) is in good agreement with the predicted value of 4.88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kuang Tung
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Karina Jiménez-García
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jacob Johansen
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Colin V Parker
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Chin
- The James Franck Institute, The Enrico Fermi Institute, and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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14
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Goldman N, Juzeliūnas G, Öhberg P, Spielman IB. Light-induced gauge fields for ultracold atoms. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:126401. [PMID: 25422950 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/12/126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gauge fields are central in our modern understanding of physics at all scales. At the highest energy scales known, the microscopic universe is governed by particles interacting with each other through the exchange of gauge bosons. At the largest length scales, our Universe is ruled by gravity, whose gauge structure suggests the existence of a particle-the graviton-that mediates the gravitational force. At the mesoscopic scale, solid-state systems are subjected to gauge fields of different nature: materials can be immersed in external electromagnetic fields, but they can also feature emerging gauge fields in their low-energy description. In this review, we focus on another kind of gauge field: those engineered in systems of ultracold neutral atoms. In these setups, atoms are suitably coupled to laser fields that generate effective gauge potentials in their description. Neutral atoms 'feeling' laser-induced gauge potentials can potentially mimic the behavior of an electron gas subjected to a magnetic field, but also, the interaction of elementary particles with non-Abelian gauge fields. Here, we review different realized and proposed techniques for creating gauge potentials-both Abelian and non-Abelian-in atomic systems and discuss their implication in the context of quantum simulation. While most of these setups concern the realization of background and classical gauge potentials, we conclude with more exotic proposals where these synthetic fields might be made dynamical, in view of simulating interacting gauge theories with cold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Goldman
- College de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot & Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, CNRS, UPMC, ENS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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Blume D, Yan Y. Generalized Efimov scenario for heavy-light mixtures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:213201. [PMID: 25479492 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.213201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experimental investigations of Cs-Cs-Li Efimov resonances, this work theoretically investigates the few-body properties of N-1 noninteracting identical heavy bosons, which interact with a light impurity through a large s-wave scattering length. For Cs-Cs-Cs-Li, we predict the existence of universal four-body states with energies E4(n,1) and E4(n,2), which are universally linked to the energy E3(n) of the nth Efimov trimer. For infinitely large (133)Cs-(6)Li and vanishing (133)Cs-(133)Cs scattering lengths, we find (E4(1,1)/E3(1))(1/2)≈1.51 and (E4(1,2)/E3(1))(1/2)≈1.01. The (133)Cs-(6)Li scattering lengths at which these states merge with the four-atom threshold, the dependence of these energy ratios on the mass ratio between the heavy and light atoms, and selected aspects of the generalized Efimov scenario for N>4 are also discussed. Possible implications of our results for ongoing cold atom experiments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blume
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
| | - Yangqian Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-2814, USA
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16
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Colussi VE, Greene CH, D'Incao JP. Three-body physics in strongly correlated spinor condensates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:045302. [PMID: 25105628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.045302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spinor condensates have proven to be a rich area for probing many-body phenomena richer than that of an ultracold gas consisting of atoms restricted to a single spin state. In the strongly correlated regime, the physics controlling the possible novel phases of the condensate remains largely unexplored, and few-body aspects can play a central role in the properties and dynamics of the system through manifestations of Efimov physics. The present study solves the three-body problem for bosonic spinors using the hyperspherical adiabatic representation and characterizes the multiple families of Efimov states in spinor systems as well as their signatures in the scattering observables relevant for spinor condensates. These solutions exhibit a rich array of possible phenomena originating in universal few-body physics, which can strongly affect the spin dynamics and three-body mean-field contributions for spinor condensates. The collisional aspects of atom-dimer spinor condensates are also analyzed, and effects are predicted that derive from Efimov physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Colussi
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Chris H Greene
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2036, USA
| | - J P D'Incao
- JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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17
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Pires R, Ulmanis J, Häfner S, Repp M, Arias A, Kuhnle ED, Weidemüller M. Observation of Efimov resonances in a mixture with extreme mass imbalance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:250404. [PMID: 25014797 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.250404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We observe two consecutive heteronuclear Efimov resonances in an ultracold Li-Cs mixture by measuring three-body loss coefficients as a function of magnetic field near a Feshbach resonance. The first resonance is detected at a scattering length of a_((0))=-320(10)a_((0)), corresponding to ∼7(∼3) times the Li-Cs (Cs-Cs) van der Waals range. The second resonance appears at 5.8(1.0)a_((0)), close to the unitarity-limited regime at the sample temperature of 450 nK. Indication of a third resonance is found in the atom loss spectra. The scaling of the resonance positions is close to the predicted universal scaling value of 4.9 for zero temperature. Deviations from universality might be caused by finite-range and temperature effects, as well as magnetic field-dependent Cs-Cs interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pires
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Ulmanis
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Häfner
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Repp
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Arias
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E D Kuhnle
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Weidemüller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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18
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Huang B, Sidorenkov LA, Grimm R, Hutson JM. Observation of the second triatomic resonance in Efimov's scenario. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:190401. [PMID: 24877917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a three-body recombination resonance in an ultracold gas of cesium atoms at a very large negative value of the s-wave scattering length. The resonance is identified as the second triatomic Efimov resonance, which corresponds to the situation where the first excited Efimov state appears at the threshold of three free atoms. This observation, together with a finite-temperature analysis and the known first resonance, allows the most accurate demonstration to date of the discrete scaling behavior at the heart of Efimov physics. For the system of three identical bosons, we obtain a scaling factor of 21.0(1.3), close to the ideal value of 22.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leonid A Sidorenkov
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Grimm
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria and Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation (IQOQI), Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham/Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Naidon P, Endo S, Ueda M. Microscopic origin and universality classes of the Efimov three-body parameter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:105301. [PMID: 24679303 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy spectrum of three particles interacting via nearly resonant two-body interactions in the Efimov regime is set by the so-called three-body parameter. We show that the three-body parameter is essentially determined by the zero-energy two-body correlation. As a result, we identify two classes of two-body interactions for which the three-body parameter has a universal value in units of their effective range. One class involves the universality of the three-body parameter recently found in ultracold atom systems. The other is relevant to short-range interactions that can be found in nuclear physics and solid-state physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shimpei Endo
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongō, Bunkyō-ku, Tōkyō 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongō, Bunkyō-ku, Tōkyō 113-0033, Japan
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20
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Roy S, Landini M, Trenkwalder A, Semeghini G, Spagnolli G, Simoni A, Fattori M, Inguscio M, Modugno G. Test of the universality of the three-body Efimov parameter at narrow Feshbach resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:053202. [PMID: 23952396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.053202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We measure the critical scattering length for the appearance of the first three-body bound state, or Efimov three-body parameter, at seven different Feshbach resonances in ultracold ^{39}K atoms. We study both intermediate and narrow resonances, where the three-body spectrum is expected to be determined by the nonuniversal coupling of two scattering channels. Instead, our observed ratio of the three-body parameter with the van der Waals radius is approximately the same universal ratio as for broader resonances. This unexpected observation suggests the presence of a new regime for three-body scattering at narrow resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Roy
- LENS and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Firenze, and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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21
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Pricoupenko L. Many bosons in a narrow magnetic Feshbach resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:180402. [PMID: 23683180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.180402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The many-boson problem in the presence of an asymptotically narrow Feshbach resonance is considered. The low energy properties are investigated using a two-channel Hamiltonian. The energy spectrum of this model is shown to be bounded from below in the limit of a zero range interaction. This implies the promising possibility of achieving a strongly interacting bosonic phase in a dilute regime where the details of the actual interatomic forces are irrelevant. The integral relation between the energy and the one-body momentum distribution is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Pricoupenko
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, Université Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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22
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Wang Y, Wang J, D'Incao JP, Greene CH. Universal three-body parameter in heteronuclear atomic systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:243201. [PMID: 23368316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.243201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Efimov physics, a three-body parameter (3BP), previously regarded as nonuniversal, uniquely defines bound and scattering properties of three particles. A universal 3BP, however, has been recently shown in experiments and theory in ultracold homonuclear gases. Our present study further predicts a universal 3BP for heteronuclear atomic systems near broad Feshbach resonances and provides physical interpretations for its origin. We show that for a system composed of two light and one heavy atom, the physical origin of the universal 3BP is similar to the homonuclear case, while for systems composed by one light and two heavy atoms, the universality of the 3BP is now mostly controlled by the heavy-heavy interatomic properties. This new universality is explained by the universal properties of the van der Waals interactions in a simple Born-Oppenheimer picture. Finally, we show the numerically determined 3BPs for some combinations of alkali atoms used in ultracold experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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23
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Nishida Y. New type of crossover physics in three-component Fermi gases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:240401. [PMID: 23368290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.240401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A three-component Fermi gas near a broad Feshbach resonance does not have a universal ground state due to the Thomas collapse, while it does near a narrow Feshbach resonance. We explore its universal phase diagram in the plane of the inverse scattering length 1/ak(F) and the resonance range R(*)k(F). For a large R(*)k(F), there exists a Lifshitz transition between superfluids with and without an unpaired Fermi surface as a function of 1/ak(F). With decreasing R(*)k(F), the Fermi surface coexisting with the superfluid can change smoothly from that of atoms to trimers ("atom-trimer continuity"), corresponding to the quark-hadron continuity in a dense nuclear matter. Eventually, there appears a finite window in 1/ak(F) where the superfluid is completely depleted by the trimer Fermi gas, which gives rise to a pair of quantum critical points. The boundaries of these three quantum phases are determined in regions where controlled analyses are possible and are also evaluated based on a mean-field plus trimer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishida
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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25
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Wang J, D'Incao JP, Esry BD, Greene CH. Origin of the three-body parameter universality in Efimov physics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:263001. [PMID: 23004972 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years extensive theoretical and experimental studies of universal few-body physics have advanced our understanding of universal Efimov physics. Whereas theory had been the driving force behind our understanding of Efimov physics for decades, recent experiments have contributed an unexpected discovery. Specifically, measurements have found that the so-called three-body parameter determining several properties of the system is universal, even though fundamental assumptions in the theory of the Efimov effect suggest that it should be a variable property that depends on the precise details of the short-range two- and three-body interactions. The present Letter resolves this apparent contradiction by elucidating previously unanticipated implications of the two-body interactions. Our study shows that the three-body parameter universality emerges because a universal effective barrier in the three-body potentials prevents the three particles from simultaneously getting close together. Our results also show limitations on this universality, as it is more likely to occur for neutral atoms but less likely to extend to light nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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26
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Machtey O, Shotan Z, Gross N, Khaykovich L. Association of Efimov trimers from a three-atom continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:210406. [PMID: 23003226 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.210406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We develop an experimental technique for rf association of Efimov trimers from a three-atom continuum. We apply it to probe the lowest accessible Efimov energy level in bosonic lithium in the region where strong deviations from the universal behavior are expected, and provide a quantitative study of this effect. The position of the Efimov resonance at the atom-dimer threshold, measured using a different experimental technique, concurs with the rf association results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Machtey
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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27
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Blume D. Few-body physics with ultracold atomic and molecular systems in traps. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:046401. [PMID: 22790507 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/4/046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Few-body physics has played a prominent role in atomic, molecular and nuclear physics since the early days of quantum mechanics. It is now possible-thanks to tremendous progress in cooling, trapping and manipulating ultracold samples-to experimentally study few-body phenomena in trapped atomic and molecular systems with unprecedented control. This review summarizes recent studies of few-body phenomena in trapped atomic and molecular gases, with an emphasis on small trapped systems. We start by introducing the free-space scattering properties and then investigate what happens when two particles, bosons or fermions, are placed in an external confinement. Next, various three-body systems are treated analytically in limiting cases. Our current understanding of larger two-component Fermi systems and Bose systems is reviewed, and connections with the corresponding bulk systems are established. Lastly, future prospects and challenges are discussed. Throughout this review, commonalities with other systems such as nuclei or quantum dots are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blume
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2814, USA
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28
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Machtey O, Kessler DA, Khaykovich L. Universal dimer in a collisionally opaque medium: experimental observables and Efimov resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:130403. [PMID: 22540683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.130403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A universal dimer is subject to secondary collisions with atoms when formed in a cloud of ultracold atoms via three-body recombination. We show that in a collisionally opaque medium, the value of the scattering length that results in the maximum number of secondary collisions may not correspond to the Efimov resonance at the atom-dimer threshold and thus cannot be automatically associated with it. This result explains a number of controversies in recent experimental results on universal three-body states and supports the emerging evidence for the significant finite range corrections to the first excited Efimov energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Machtey
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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29
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Wang Y, Laing WB, von Stecher J, Esry BD. Efimov physics in heteronuclear four-body systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:073201. [PMID: 22401201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study three- and four-body Efimov physics in a heteronuclear atomic system with three identical heavy bosonic atoms and one light atom. We show that exchange of the light atom between the heavy atoms leads to both three- and four-body features in the low-energy inelastic rate constants that trace to the Efimov effect. Further, the effective interaction generated by this exchange can provide an additional mechanism for control in ultracold experiments. Finally, we find that there is no true four-body Efimov effect-that is, no infinite number of four-body states in the absence of two- and three-body bound states-resolving a decades-long controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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30
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Hadizadeh MR, Yamashita MT, Tomio L, Delfino A, Frederico T. Scaling properties of universal tetramers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:135304. [PMID: 22026870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.135304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We evidence the existence of a universal correlation between the binding energies of successive four-boson bound states (tetramers), for large two-body scattering lengths (a), related to an additional scale not constrained by three-body Efimov physics. Relevant to ultracold atom experiments, the atom-trimer relaxation peaks for |a|→∞ when the ratio between the tetramer and trimer energies is ≃4.6 and a new tetramer is formed. The new scale is also revealed for a < 0 by the prediction of a correlation between the positions of two successive peaks in the four-atom recombination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hadizadeh
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Berninger M, Zenesini A, Huang B, Harm W, Nägerl HC, Ferlaino F, Grimm R, Julienne PS, Hutson JM. Universality of the three-body parameter for Efimov states in ultracold cesium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:120401. [PMID: 22026757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of triatomic Efimov resonances in an ultracold gas of cesium atoms. Exploiting the wide tunability of interactions resulting from three broad Feshbach resonances in the same spin channel, we measure magnetic-field dependent three-body recombination loss. The positions of the loss resonances yield corresponding values for the three-body parameter, which in universal few-body physics is required to describe three-body phenomena and, in particular, to fix the spectrum of Efimov states. Our observations show a robust universal behavior with a three-body parameter that stays essentially constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berninger
- Institut für Experimentalphysik and Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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32
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Hammer HW, Platter L. Efimov physics from a renormalization group perspective. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2011; 369:2679-2700. [PMID: 21646273 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the physics of the Efimov effect from a renormalization group viewpoint using the concept of limit cycles. Furthermore, we discuss recent experiments providing evidence for the Efimov effect in ultracold gases and its relevance for nuclear systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Werner Hammer
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik (Theorie) and Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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33
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MacNeill DJ, Zhou F. Pauli blocking effect on Efimov states near a Feshbach resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:145301. [PMID: 21561199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.145301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we study the effect of Pauli blocking on Efimov states in a quantum Fermi gas and illustrate that the universal Efimov potential is altered at large distances. We obtain the universal spectrum flow of Efimov trimers when the Fermi density is varied and further consider the effect of scattering of trimers by the Fermi sea. We argue that the universal flow is robust against fluctuating particle-hole pairs that result in an infrared catastrophe in impurity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David James MacNeill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z1
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34
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Nakajima S, Horikoshi M, Mukaiyama T, Naidon P, Ueda M. Measurement of an Efimov trimer binding energy in a three-component mixture of 6Li. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:143201. [PMID: 21561189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The binding energy of an Efimov trimer state was precisely determined via radio-frequency association. It is found that the measurement results shift significantly with temperature, but that the shift becomes negligible at the lowest temperature in our experiment. The shift-free part of the trimer binding energy reveals a significant deviation from the nonuniversal theory prediction based on a three-body parameter with a monotonic binding-energy dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Nakajima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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35
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Lompe T, Ottenstein TB, Serwane F, Wenz AN, Zürn G, Jochim S. Radio-Frequency Association of Efimov Trimers. Science 2010; 330:940-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1193148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lompe
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Timo B. Ottenstein
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Friedhelm Serwane
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andre N. Wenz
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Zürn
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selim Jochim
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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36
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Lompe T, Ottenstein TB, Serwane F, Viering K, Wenz AN, Zürn G, Jochim S. Atom-dimer scattering in a three-component Fermi gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:103201. [PMID: 20867517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold gases of three distinguishable particles with large scattering lengths are expected to show rich few-body physics related to the Efimov effect. We have created three different mixtures of ultracold 6Li atoms and weakly bound 6Li2 dimers consisting of atoms in three different hyperfine states and studied their inelastic decay via atom-dimer collisions. We have found resonant enhancement of the decay due to the crossing of Efimov-like trimer states with the atom-dimer continuum in one mixture as well as minima of the decay in another mixture, which we interpret as a suppression of exchange reactions of the type |12+|3→|23+|1. Such a suppression is caused by interference between different decay paths and demonstrates the possibility of using Efimov physics to control the rate constants for molecular exchange reactions in the ultracold regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lompe
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Gross N, Shotan Z, Kokkelmans S, Khaykovich L. Nuclear-spin-independent short-range three-body physics in ultracold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:103203. [PMID: 20867519 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.103203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate three-body recombination loss across a Feshbach resonance in a gas of ultracold 7Li atoms prepared in the absolute ground state and perform a comparison with previously reported results of a different nuclear-spin state [N. Gross, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 163202 (2009)]. We extend the previously reported universality in three-body recombination loss across a Feshbach resonance to the absolute ground state. We show that the positions and widths of recombination minima and Efimov resonances are identical for both states which indicates that the short-range physics is nuclear-spin independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Gross
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900 Israel
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38
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Yamazaki R, Taie S, Sugawa S, Takahashi Y. Submicron spatial modulation of an interatomic interaction in a Bose-Einstein condensate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:050405. [PMID: 20867900 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate submicron spatial control of interatomic interactions in a Bose-Einstein condensate of ytterbium (Yb). A pulsed optical standing wave, tuned near an optical Feshbach resonance, varies the s-wave scattering length continuously across the standing wave pattern. The modulated mean-field energy with a spatial period every 278 nm is monitored by a diffraction pattern in a time-of-flight image. We observe a wide scattering length control of up to 250 nm. The demonstrated spatial modulation of the scattering length proves that high resolution control of atomic interactions is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekishu Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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39
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Nakajima S, Horikoshi M, Mukaiyama T, Naidon P, Ueda M. Nonuniversal Efimov atom-dimer resonances in a three-component mixture of 6Li. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:023201. [PMID: 20867707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We observed an enhanced atom-dimer loss due to the existence of Efimov states in a three-component mixture of 6Li atoms. We measured the magnetic-field dependence of the atom-dimer loss in the mixture of atoms in state |1> and dimers formed in states |2> and |3>, and found two peaks corresponding to the degeneracy points of the energy levels of |23> dimers and the ground and first excited Efimov trimers. We found that the locations of these peaks disagree with universal theory predictions, in a way that cannot be explained by nonuniversal two-body properties. We constructed theoretical models that characterize the nonuniversal three-body physics of three-component 6Li atoms in the low-energy domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Nakajima
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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40
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Ferlaino F, Grimm R. Forty years of Efimov physics: How a bizarre prediction turned into a hot topic. PHYSICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1103/physics.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Spiegelhalder FM, Trenkwalder A, Naik D, Hendl G, Schreck F, Grimm R. Collisional stability of 40K immersed in a strongly interacting Fermi gas of 6Li. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:223203. [PMID: 20366094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.223203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the collisional stability of a sample of 40K atoms immersed in a tunable spin mixture of 6Li atoms. In this three-component Fermi-Fermi mixture, we find very low loss rates in a wide range of interactions as long as molecule formation of 6Li is avoided. The stable fermionic mixture with two resonantly interacting spin states of one species together with another species is a promising system for a broad variety of phenomena in few- and many-body quantum physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Spiegelhalder
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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