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Hill J, Campbell S, Carini G, Chen-Wiegart YCK, Chu Y, Fluerasu A, Fukuto M, Idir M, Jakoncic J, Jarrige I, Siddons P, Tanabe T, Yager KG. Future trends in synchrotron science at NSLS-II. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:374008. [PMID: 32568740 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab7b19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we summarize briefly some of the future trends in synchrotron science as seen at the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a new, low emittance source recently commissioned at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We touch upon imaging techniques, the study of dynamics, the increasing use of multimodal approaches, the vital importance of data science, and other enabling technologies. Each are presently undergoing a time of rapid change, driving the field of synchrotron science forward at an ever increasing pace. It is truly an exciting time and one in which Roger Cowley, to whom this journal issue is dedicated, would surely be both invigorated by, and at the heart of.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hill
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Stuart Campbell
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Gabriella Carini
- Instrumentation Division (IO), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
- Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Yong Chu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Andrei Fluerasu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Mourad Idir
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Jean Jakoncic
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Ignace Jarrige
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter Siddons
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Toshi Tanabe
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
| | - Kevin G Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States of America
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You H. X-Ray Scattering and Imaging Studies of Electrode Structure and Dynamics. CHEM REC 2019; 19:1220-1232. [PMID: 30251465 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We will review structures and dynamics of electrode interfaces studied in situ using x-ray scattering and imaging techniques. The examples cover single-crystal and nanocrystal structures relevant to electrocatalytic activities, anodic oxidation and corrosion, aqueous dissolution reactions, surface reconstructions, and surface modifications by under potential deposition. The x-ray techniques include the widely used traditional surface x-ray scattering, such as crystal truncation rods and x-ray reflectivity, as well as recently developed resonance surface scattering, coherent surface x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, coherent x-ray Bragg diffraction imaging, and surface ptychography. Results relevant to various electrochemical phenomena will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoydoo You
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave. Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
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Headrick RL, Ulbrandt JG, Myint P, Wan J, Li Y, Fluerasu A, Zhang Y, Wiegart L, Ludwig KF. Coherent X-ray measurement of step-flow propagation during growth on polycrystalline thin film surfaces. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2638. [PMID: 31201329 PMCID: PMC6570654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of artificially grown thin films are strongly affected by surface processes during growth. Coherent X-rays provide an approach to better understand such processes and fluctuations far from equilibrium. Here we report results for vacuum deposition of C60 on a graphene-coated surface investigated with X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy in surface-sensitive conditions. Step-flow is observed through measurement of the step-edge velocity in the late stages of growth after crystalline mounds have formed. We show that the step-edge velocity is coupled to the terrace length, and that there is a variation in the velocity from larger step spacing at the center of crystalline mounds to closely-spaced, more slowly propagating steps at their edges. The results extend theories of surface growth, since the behavior is consistent with surface evolution driven by processes that include surface diffusion, the motion of step-edges, and attachment at step edges with significant step-edge barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall L Headrick
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jeffrey G Ulbrandt
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Peco Myint
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | | | - Yugang Zhang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Upton, NY, 11967, USA
| | - Lutz Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Upton, NY, 11967, USA
| | - Karl F Ludwig
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Ju G, Highland MJ, Yanguas-Gil A, Thompson C, Eastman JA, Zhou H, Brennan SM, Stephenson GB, Fuoss PH. An instrument for in situ coherent x-ray studies of metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy of III-nitrides. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:035113. [PMID: 28372371 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe an instrument that exploits the ongoing revolution in synchrotron sources, optics, and detectors to enable in situ studies of metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth of III-nitride materials using coherent x-ray methods. The system includes high-resolution positioning of the sample and detector including full rotations, an x-ray transparent chamber wall for incident and diffracted beam access over a wide angular range, and minimal thermal sample motion, giving the sub-micron positional stability and reproducibility needed for coherent x-ray studies. The instrument enables surface x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, microbeam diffraction, and coherent diffraction imaging of atomic-scale surface and film structure and dynamics during growth, to provide fundamental understanding of MOVPE processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Ju
- >Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Matthew J Highland
- >Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Angel Yanguas-Gil
- Energy Systems Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Carol Thompson
- Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Eastman
- >Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - G Brian Stephenson
- >Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Paul H Fuoss
- >Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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Karl Jr. RM, Barbour A, Komanicky V, Zhu C, Sandy A, Pierce MS, You H. Charge-induced equilibrium dynamics and structure at the Ag(001)–electrolyte interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:16682-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The applied potential dependent rate of atomic step motion of the Ag(001) surface in weak NaF electrolyte has been measured using a new extension of the technique of X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Karl Jr.
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Andi Barbour
- Materials Science Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | | | - Chenhui Zhu
- Materials Science Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - Alec Sandy
- Advanced Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
| | - Michael S. Pierce
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Hoydoo You
- Materials Science Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Argonne
- USA
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Sinha SK, Jiang Z, Lurio LB. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy studies of surfaces and thin films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:7764-7785. [PMID: 25236339 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The technique of X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) is reviewed as a method for studying the relatively slow dynamics of materials on time scales ranging from microseconds to thousands of seconds and length scales ranging from microns down to nanometers. We focus on the application of this technique to study dynamical fluctuations of surfaces, interfaces and thin films. We first discuss instrumental issues such as the effects of partial coherence (or alternatively finite instrumental resolution) and optimization of signal-to-noise ratios in the experiments. We then review what has been learned from recent XPCS studies of capillary wave fluctuations on liquid surfaces and polymer films, of nanoparticles used as probes to study the interior dynamics of polymer films, of liquid crystals and multilamellar surfactant films, and of metal surfaces, and magnetic domain wall fluctuations in antiferromagnets. We then discuss studies of non-equilibrium dynamics described by 2-time correlation functions. Finally, we briefly speculate on possible future XPCS experiments at new synchrotron sources currently under development including studies of dynamics on time scales down to femtoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Sinha
- Dept. of Physics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0319, USA
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Hruszkewycz SO, Sutton M, Fuoss PH, Adams B, Rosenkranz S, Ludwig KF, Roseker W, Fritz D, Cammarata M, Zhu D, Lee S, Lemke H, Gutt C, Robert A, Grübel G, Stephenson GB. High contrast x-ray speckle from atomic-scale order in liquids and glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:185502. [PMID: 23215295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.185502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The availability of ultrafast pulses of coherent hard x rays from the Linac Coherent Light Source opens new opportunities for studies of atomic-scale dynamics in amorphous materials. Here, we show that single ultrafast coherent x-ray pulses can be used to observe the speckle contrast in the high-angle diffraction from liquid Ga and glassy Ni(2)Pd(2)P and B(2)O(3). We determine the thresholds above which the x-ray pulses disturb the atomic arrangements. Furthermore, high contrast speckle is observed in scattering patterns from the glasses integrated over many pulses, demonstrating that the source and optics are sufficiently stable for x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy studies of dynamics over a wide range of time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Hruszkewycz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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You H, Pierce M, Komanicky V, Barbour A, Zhu C. Study of electrode surface dynamics using coherent surface X-ray scattering. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jiang Z, Li X, Strzalka J, Sprung M, Sun T, Sandy AR, Narayanan S, Lee DR, Wang J. The dedicated high-resolution grazing-incidence X-ray scattering beamline 8-ID-E at the Advanced Photon Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2012; 19:627-636. [PMID: 22713900 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049512022017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As an increasingly important structural-characterization technique, grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) has found wide applications for in situ and real-time studies of nanostructures and nanocomposites at surfaces and interfaces. A dedicated beamline has been designed, constructed and optimized at beamline 8-ID-E at the Advanced Photon Source for high-resolution and coherent GIXS experiments. The effectiveness and applicability of the beamline and the scattering techniques have been demonstrated by a host of experiments including reflectivity, grazing-incidence static and kinetic scattering, and coherent surface X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The applicable systems that can be studied at 8-ID-E include liquid surfaces and nanostructured thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Jiang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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