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Deng J, Dong H, Zhang C, Wu Y, Yuan J, Zhu X, Jin F, Li H, Wang Z, Cai H, Song C, Wang H, You JQ, Wang DW. Observing the quantum topology of light. Science 2022; 378:966-971. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Topological photonics provides a powerful platform to explore topological physics beyond traditional electronic materials and shows promising applications in light transport and lasers. Classical degrees of freedom are routinely used to construct topological light modes in real or synthetic dimensions. Beyond the classical topology, the inherent quantum nature of light provides a wealth of fundamentally distinct topological states. Here we implement experiments on topological states of quantized light in a superconducting circuit, with which one- and two-dimensional Fock-state lattices are constructed. We realize rich topological physics including topological zero-energy states of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, strain-induced pseudo-Landau levels, valley Hall effect, and Haldane chiral edge currents. Our study extends the topological states of light to the quantum regime, bridging topological phases of condensed-matter physics with circuit quantum electrodynamics, and offers a freedom in controlling the quantum states of multiple resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Deng
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chuanyu Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yaozu Wu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiale Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuhao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feitong Jin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hekang Li
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Han Cai
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chao Song
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - H. Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - J. Q. You
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Beijing 100190, China
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2
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MacDonell RJ, Dickerson CE, Birch CJT, Kumar A, Edmunds CL, Biercuk MJ, Hempel C, Kassal I. Analog quantum simulation of chemical dynamics. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9794-9805. [PMID: 34349953 PMCID: PMC8293981 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast chemical reactions are difficult to simulate because they involve entangled, many-body wavefunctions whose computational complexity grows rapidly with molecular size. In photochemistry, the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation further complicates the problem by entangling nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom. Here, we show that analog quantum simulators can efficiently simulate molecular dynamics using commonly available bosonic modes to represent molecular vibrations. Our approach can be implemented in any device with a qudit controllably coupled to bosonic oscillators and with quantum hardware resources that scale linearly with molecular size, and offers significant resource savings compared to digital quantum simulation algorithms. Advantages of our approach include a time resolution orders of magnitude better than ultrafast spectroscopy, the ability to simulate large molecules with limited hardware using a Suzuki-Trotter expansion, and the ability to implement realistic system-bath interactions with only one additional interaction per mode. Our approach can be implemented with current technology; e.g., the conical intersection in pyrazine can be simulated using a single trapped ion. Therefore, we expect our method will enable classically intractable chemical dynamics simulations in the near term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J MacDonell
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Claire E Dickerson
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Clare J T Birch
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Claire L Edmunds
- School of Physics, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Michael J Biercuk
- School of Physics, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Cornelius Hempel
- School of Physics, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Ivan Kassal
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- University of Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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3
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Flühmann C, Home JP. Direct Characteristic-Function Tomography of Quantum States of the Trapped-Ion Motional Oscillator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:043602. [PMID: 32794777 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We implement direct readout of the symmetric characteristic function of quantum states of the motional oscillation of a trapped calcium ion. Suitably chosen internal state rotations combined with internal state-dependent displacements, based on bichromatic laser fields, map the expectation value of the real or imaginary part of the displacement operator to the internal states, which are subsequently read out. Combining these results provides full information about the symmetric characteristic function. We characterize the technique by applying it to a range of archetypal quantum oscillator states, including displaced and squeezed Gaussian states as well as two and three component superpositions of displaced squeezed states. For each, we discuss relevant features of the characteristic function and Wigner phase-space quasiprobability distribution. The direct reconstruction of these highly nonclassical oscillator states using a reduced number of measurements is an essential tool for understanding and optimizing the control of oscillator systems for quantum sensing and quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Flühmann
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J P Home
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Landon-Cardinal O, Govia LCG, Clerk AA. Quantitative Tomography for Continuous Variable Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:090501. [PMID: 29547319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a continuous variable tomography scheme that reconstructs the Husimi Q function (Wigner function) by Lagrange interpolation, using measurements of the Q function (Wigner function) at the Padua points, conjectured to be optimal sampling points for two dimensional reconstruction. Our approach drastically reduces the number of measurements required compared to using equidistant points on a regular grid, although reanalysis of such experiments is possible. The reconstruction algorithm produces a reconstructed function with exponentially decreasing error and quasilinear runtime in the number of Padua points. Moreover, using the interpolating polynomial of the Q function, we present a technique to directly estimate the density matrix elements of the continuous variable state, with only a linear propagation of input measurement error. Furthermore, we derive a state-independent analytical bound on this error, such that our estimate of the density matrix is accompanied by a measure of its uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Landon-Cardinal
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Luke C G Govia
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aashish A Clerk
- Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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5
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Romanenko A, Schuster DI. Understanding Quality Factor Degradation in Superconducting Niobium Cavities at Low Microwave Field Amplitudes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:264801. [PMID: 29328733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.264801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In niobium superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities for particle acceleration, a decrease of the quality factor at lower fields-a so-called low field Q slope or LFQS-has been a long-standing unexplained effect. By extending the high Q measurement techniques to ultralow fields, we discover two previously unknown features of the effect: (i) saturation at rf fields lower than E_{acc}∼0.1 MV/m; (ii) strong degradation enhancement by growing thicker niobium pentoxide. Our findings suggest that the LFQS may be caused by the two level systems in the natural niobium oxide on the inner cavity surface, thereby identifying a new source of residual resistance and providing guidance for potential nonaccelerator low-field applications of SRF cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romanenko
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D I Schuster
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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7
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Zheng SB, Zhong YP, Xu K, Wang QJ, Wang H, Shen LT, Yang CP, Martinis JM, Cleland AN, Han SY. Quantum Delayed-Choice Experiment with a Beam Splitter in a Quantum Superposition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:260403. [PMID: 26764976 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.260403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A quantum system can behave as a wave or as a particle, depending on the experimental arrangement. When, for example, measuring a photon using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the photon acts as a wave if the second beam splitter is inserted, but as a particle if this beam splitter is omitted. The decision of whether or not to insert this beam splitter can be made after the photon has entered the interferometer, as in Wheeler's famous delayed-choice thought experiment. In recent quantum versions of this experiment, this decision is controlled by a quantum ancilla, while the beam splitter is itself still a classical object. Here, we propose and realize a variant of the quantum delayed-choice experiment. We configure a superconducting quantum circuit as a Ramsey interferometer, where the element that acts as the first beam splitter can be put in a quantum superposition of its active and inactive states, as verified by the negative values of its Wigner function. We show that this enables the wave and particle aspects of the system to be observed with a single setup, without involving an ancilla that is not itself a part of the interferometer. We also study the transition of this quantum beam splitter from a quantum to a classical object due to decoherence, as observed by monitoring the interferometer output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Biao Zheng
- Department of Physics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - You-Peng Zhong
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qi-Jue Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Li-Tuo Shen
- Department of Physics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Chui-Ping Yang
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - John M Martinis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A N Cleland
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Si-Yuan Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Longhi S. Quantum simulation of decoherence in optical waveguide lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:4884-4887. [PMID: 24322157 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We suggest that propagation of nonclassical light in lattices of optical waveguides can provide a laboratory tool to simulate quantum decoherence phenomena with high non-Markovian features. As examples, we study decoherence of optical Schrödinger cats in a lattice that mimics a dissipative quantum harmonic oscillator coupled to a quantum bath, showing fractional decoherence in the strong coupling regime, and Bloch oscillations of optical Schrödinger cats, where damped revivals of the coherence can be observed.
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Julsgaard B, Grezes C, Bertet P, Mølmer K. Quantum memory for microwave photons in an inhomogeneously broadened spin ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:250503. [PMID: 23829721 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.250503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a multimode quantum memory protocol able to store the quantum state of the field in a microwave resonator into an ensemble of electronic spins. The stored information is protected against inhomogeneous broadening of the spin ensemble by spin-echo techniques resulting in memory times orders of magnitude longer than previously achieved. By calculating the evolution of the first and second moments of the spin-cavity system variables for current experimental parameters, we show that a memory based on nitrogen vacancy center spins in diamond can store a qubit encoded on the |0> and |1> Fock states of the field with 80% fidelity and outperform classical memory strategies for storage times ≤69 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Julsgaard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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10
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Yin Y, Chen Y, Sank D, O'Malley PJJ, White TC, Barends R, Kelly J, Lucero E, Mariantoni M, Megrant A, Neill C, Vainsencher A, Wenner J, Korotkov AN, Cleland AN, Martinis JM. Catch and release of microwave photon states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:107001. [PMID: 23521281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a superconducting resonator with variable coupling to a measurement transmission line. The resonator coupling can be adjusted through zero to a photon emission rate 1000 times the intrinsic resonator decay rate. We demonstrate the catch and release of photons in the resonator, as well as control of nonclassical Fock states. We also demonstrate the dynamical control of the release waveform of photons from the resonator, a key functionality that will enable high-fidelity quantum state transfer between distant resonators or qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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11
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Shalibo Y, Rofe Y, Barth I, Friedland L, Bialczack R, Martinis JM, Katz N. Quantum and classical chirps in an anharmonic oscillator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:037701. [PMID: 22400784 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.037701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We measure the state dynamics of a tunable anharmonic quantum system, the Josephson phase circuit, under the excitation of a frequency-chirped drive. At small anharmonicity, the state evolves like a wave packet-a characteristic response in classical oscillators; in this regime, we report exponentially enhanced lifetimes of highly excited states, held by the drive. At large anharmonicity, we observe sharp steps, corresponding to the excitation of discrete energy levels. The continuous transition between the two regimes is mapped by measuring the threshold of these two effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoni Shalibo
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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12
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Nataf P, Ciuti C. Protected quantum computation with multiple resonators in ultrastrong coupling circuit QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:190402. [PMID: 22181586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.190402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the dynamical behavior of a qubit obtained with the two ground eigenstates of an ultrastrong coupling circuit-QED system consisting of a finite number of Josephson fluxonium atoms inductively coupled to a transmission line resonator. We show a universal set of quantum gates by using multiple transmission line resonators (each resonator represents a single qubit). We discuss the intrinsic "anisotropic" nature of noise sources for fluxonium artificial atoms. Through a master equation treatment with colored noise and many-level dynamics, we prove that, for a general class of anisotropic noise sources, the coherence time of the qubit and the fidelity of the quantum operations can be dramatically improved in an optimal regime of ultrastrong coupling, where the ground state is an entangled photonic "cat" state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Nataf
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7 et CNRS, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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13
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Wang H, Mariantoni M, Bialczak RC, Lenander M, Lucero E, Neeley M, O'Connell AD, Sank D, Weides M, Wenner J, Yamamoto T, Yin Y, Zhao J, Martinis JM, Cleland AN. Deterministic entanglement of photons in two superconducting microwave resonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:060401. [PMID: 21405445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement, one of the defining features of quantum mechanics, has been demonstrated in a variety of nonlinear spinlike systems. Quantum entanglement in linear systems has proven significantly more challenging, as the intrinsic energy level degeneracy associated with linearity makes quantum control more difficult. Here we demonstrate the quantum entanglement of photon states in two independent linear microwave resonators, creating N-photon NOON states (entangled states |N0> + |0N>) as a benchmark demonstration. We use a superconducting quantum circuit that includes Josephson qubits to control and measure the two resonators, and we completely characterize the entangled states with bipartite Wigner tomography. These results demonstrate a significant advance in the quantum control of linear resonators in superconducting circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Chudzicki C, Strauch FW. Parallel state transfer and efficient quantum routing on quantum networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:260501. [PMID: 21231634 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.260501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the routing of quantum information in parallel on multidimensional networks of tunable qubits and oscillators. These theoretical models are inspired by recent experiments in superconducting circuits. We show that perfect parallel state transfer is possible for certain networks of harmonic oscillator modes. We extend this to the distribution of entanglement between every pair of nodes in the network, finding that the routing efficiency of hypercube networks is optimal and robust in the presence of dissipation and finite bandwidth.
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