1
|
Mattern M, von Reppert A, Zeuschner SP, Herzog M, Pudell JE, Bargheer M. Concepts and use cases for picosecond ultrasonics with x-rays. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100503. [PMID: 37275326 PMCID: PMC10238750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses picosecond ultrasonics experiments using ultrashort hard x-ray probe pulses to extract the transient strain response of laser-excited nanoscopic structures from Bragg-peak shifts. This method provides direct, layer-specific, and quantitative information on the picosecond strain response for structures down to few-nm thickness. We model the transient strain using the elastic wave equation and express the driving stress using Grüneisen parameters stating that the laser-induced stress is proportional to energy density changes in the microscopic subsystems of the solid, i.e., electrons, phonons and spins. The laser-driven strain response can thus serve as an ultrafast proxy for local energy-density and temperature changes, but we emphasize the importance of the nanoscale morphology for an accurate interpretation due to the Poisson effect. The presented experimental use cases encompass ultrathin and opaque metal-heterostructures, continuous and granular nanolayers as well as negative thermal expansion materials, that each pose a challenge to established all-optical techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mattern
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Peer Zeuschner
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Herzog
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan-Etienne Pudell
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Matias Bargheer
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ultrafast evolution and transient phases of a prototype out-of-equilibrium Mott-Hubbard material. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13917. [PMID: 28067228 PMCID: PMC5228036 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of photoexcited strongly correlated materials is attracting growing interest since their rich phase diagram often translates into an equally rich out-of-equilibrium behaviour. With femtosecond optical pulses, electronic and lattice degrees of freedom can be transiently decoupled, giving the opportunity of stabilizing new states inaccessible by quasi-adiabatic pathways. Here we show that the prototype Mott–Hubbard material V2O3 presents a transient non-thermal phase developing immediately after ultrafast photoexcitation and lasting few picoseconds. For both the insulating and the metallic phase, the formation of the transient configuration is triggered by the excitation of electrons into the bonding a1g orbital, and is then stabilized by a lattice distortion characterized by a hardening of the A1g coherent phonon, in stark contrast with the softening observed upon heating. Our results show the importance of selective electron–lattice interplay for the ultrafast control of material parameters, and are relevant for the optical manipulation of strongly correlated systems. Ultrafast photoexcitation stabilizes new states of matter with rich out-of-equilibrium behaviours. Here, Lantz et al. report a transient non-thermal phase developing immediately after photoexcitation in V2O3, shedding a light on optical manipulation of strongly correlated systems.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sub-phonon-period compression of electron pulses for atomic diffraction. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8723. [PMID: 26502750 PMCID: PMC4640064 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Visualizing the rearrangement of atoms in a wide range of molecular and condensed-matter systems requires resolving picometre displacements on a 10-fs timescale, which is achievable using pump–probe diffraction, given short enough pulses. Here we demonstrate the compression of single-electron pulses with a de Broglie wavelength of 0.08 ångström to a full-width at half-maximum duration of 28 fs or equivalently 12-fs root-mean square, substantially shorter than most phonon periods and molecular normal modes. Atomic resolution diffraction from a complex organic molecule is obtained with good signal-to-noise ratio within a data acquisition period of minutes. The electron-laser timing is found to be stable within 5 fs (s.d.) over several hours, allowing pump–probe diffraction at repetitive excitation. These measurements show the feasibility of laser-pump/electron-probe scans that can resolve the fastest atomic motions relevant in reversible condensed-matter transformations and organic chemistry. High spatial and temporal resolutions are required in order to follow chemical and condensed matter transformations in real time. Here, the authors compress single-electron pulses in time, with low jitter and high repetition rates, and demonstrate atomic resolution via diffraction from organic molecules.
Collapse
|
5
|
Elsaesser T, Woerner M. Perspective: structural dynamics in condensed matter mapped by femtosecond x-ray diffraction. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:020901. [PMID: 24437858 DOI: 10.1063/1.4855115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrashort soft and hard x-ray pulses are sensitive probes of structural dynamics on the picometer length and femtosecond time scales of electronic and atomic motions. Recent progress in generating such pulses has initiated new directions of condensed matter research, exploiting a variety of x-ray absorption, scattering, and diffraction methods to probe photoinduced structural dynamics. Atomic motion, changes of local structure and long-range order, as well as correlated electron motion and charge transfer have been resolved in space and time, providing a most direct access to the physical mechanisms and interactions driving reversible and irreversible changes of structure. This perspective combines an overview of recent advances in femtosecond x-ray diffraction with a discussion on ongoing and future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Woerner
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gulde M, Schweda S, Storeck G, Maiti M, Yu HK, Wodtke AM, Schafer S, Ropers C. Ultrafast low-energy electron diffraction in transmission resolves polymer/graphene superstructure dynamics. Science 2014; 345:200-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1250658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
7
|
Miller RJD. Femtosecond crystallography with ultrabright electrons and x-rays: capturing chemistry in action. Science 2014; 343:1108-16. [PMID: 24604195 DOI: 10.1126/science.1248488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the recent advances in ultrabright electron and x-ray sources, it is now possible to extend crystallography to the femtosecond time domain to literally light up atomic motions involved in the primary processes governing structural transitions. This review chronicles the development of brighter and brighter electron and x-ray sources that have enabled atomic resolution to structural dynamics for increasingly complex systems. The primary focus is on achieving sufficient brightness using pump-probe protocols to resolve the far-from-equilibrium motions directing chemical processes that in general lead to irreversible changes in samples. Given the central importance of structural transitions to conceptualizing chemistry, this emerging field has the potential to significantly improve our understanding of chemistry and its connection to driving biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Dwayne Miller
- Atomically Resolved Dynamics Division, The Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lemke HT, Bressler C, Chen LX, Fritz DM, Gaffney KJ, Galler A, Gawelda W, Haldrup K, Hartsock RW, Ihee H, Kim J, Kim KH, Lee JH, Nielsen MM, Stickrath AB, Zhang W, Zhu D, Cammarata M. Femtosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at a Hard X-ray Free Electron Laser: Application to Spin Crossover Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:735-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312559h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik T. Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | | | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences
and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David M. Fritz
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kelly J. Gaffney
- Pulse
Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025,
United States
| | - Andreas Galler
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Centre for Molecular
Movies, Department of Physics, NEXMAP Section, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby,
Denmark
| | - Robert W. Hartsock
- Pulse
Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025,
United States
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical
Reactions, Institute for Basic Science,
Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Center for Time-Resolved
Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials
and Chemical
Reactions, Institute for Basic Science,
Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Center for Time-Resolved
Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Center for Time-Resolved
Diffraction, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin M. Nielsen
- Centre for Molecular
Movies, Department of Physics, NEXMAP Section, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby,
Denmark
| | - Andrew B. Stickrath
- Chemical Sciences
and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Pulse
Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025,
United States
| | - Diling Zhu
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Marco Cammarata
- LCLS, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Institut de Physique de Rennes,
UMR UR1-CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes 1, F35042, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mendez D, Reyes JA. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in stochastic helical media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:031702. [PMID: 23030928 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.031702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a model for studying the axial propagation of elliptically polarized electromagnetic waves in a spatially random helical media. We start by writing Maxwell equations for a structurally chiral medium whose dielectric permittivities, polar, and helical angles contain both a stochastic contribution and a deterministic one. We write the electromagnetic equations into a Marcuvitz-Schwigner representation to transform them afterward in a simpler expression by using the Oseen transformation. We exhibit that in the Oseen frame the Marcuvitz-Schwigner equations turns out to be a linear vector stochastic system of differential equations with multiplicative noise. Applying to the resulting equation a formalism for treating stochastic differential equations, we find the governing equations for the first moments of the electromagnetic field amplitudes for a general autocorrelation function for the system diffractive indexes, and calculate their corresponding band structure for a particular spectral noise density. We have shown that the average resulting electromagnetic fields exhibit a decaying exponential dependence which stems from by dissipation and the presence of qualitative modifications in the band structure including a considerable widening of the band gap and the existence of new local maxima for the modes without a band gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Mendez
- Dpto de Física Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo postal 20-364, 09510 México D.F., México
| | | |
Collapse
|