1
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Zhao X, Liu M. Excitation dynamics in molecule resolved by internuclear distance driven by the strong laser field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:355-365. [PMID: 38175066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Rydberg-state excitation of stretched model molecules subjected to near-infrared intense laser fields has been investigated based on a fully quantum model (QM) proposed recently and the numerical solutions of time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). Given the good agreement between QM and TDSE, it is found that, as the molecules are stretched, the electron tends to be trapped into low-lying Rydberg-states after its ionization from the core, which can be attributed to the shift of the ionization moments corresponding to maximum excitation populations. Moreover, the n-distribution is broadened for molecules with increasing internuclear distance, which results from the change of momentum distribution of emitted electrons. Analysis indicates that both of the above phenomena are closely related to the interference effect of electronic wave packets emitted from different nuclei. Our study provides a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular excitation in intense laser fields, as well as a means of possible applications to related experimental observations.
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2
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Scholl P, Shaw AL, Tsai RBS, Finkelstein R, Choi J, Endres M. Erasure conversion in a high-fidelity Rydberg quantum simulator. Nature 2023; 622:273-278. [PMID: 37821592 PMCID: PMC10567575 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing and understanding errors is critical for quantum science, both in noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices1 and for the quest towards fault-tolerant quantum computation2,3. Rydberg arrays have emerged as a prominent platform in this context4 with impressive system sizes5,6 and proposals suggesting how error-correction thresholds could be significantly improved by detecting leakage errors with single-atom resolution7,8, a form of erasure error conversion9-12. However, two-qubit entanglement fidelities in Rydberg atom arrays13,14 have lagged behind competitors15,16 and this type of erasure conversion is yet to be realized for matter-based qubits in general. Here we demonstrate both erasure conversion and high-fidelity Bell state generation using a Rydberg quantum simulator5,6,17,18. When excising data with erasure errors observed via fast imaging of alkaline-earth atoms19-22, we achieve a Bell state fidelity of [Formula: see text], which improves to [Formula: see text] when correcting for remaining state-preparation errors. We further apply erasure conversion in a quantum simulation experiment for quasi-adiabatic preparation of long-range order across a quantum phase transition, and reveal the otherwise hidden impact of these errors on the simulation outcome. Our work demonstrates the capability for Rydberg-based entanglement to reach fidelities in the 0.999 regime, with higher fidelities a question of technical improvements, and shows how erasure conversion can be utilized in NISQ devices. These techniques could be translated directly to quantum-error-correction codes with the addition of long-lived qubits7,22-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Scholl
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Adam L Shaw
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Joonhee Choi
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Manuel Endres
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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3
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Abd-Rabbou M, Hassan S. Protecting the fidelity of a pulsed-driven harmonic oscillator. OPTIK 2023; 286:170985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2023.170985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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4
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Ravon B, Méhaignerie P, Machu Y, Hernández AD, Favier M, Raimond JM, Brune M, Sayrin C. Array of Individual Circular Rydberg Atoms Trapped in Optical Tweezers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:093401. [PMID: 37721832 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Circular Rydberg atoms (CRAs), i.e., Rydberg atoms with maximal orbital momentum, are highly promising for quantum computation, simulation, and sensing. They combine long natural lifetimes with strong interatomic interactions and coupling to electromagnetic fields. Trapping individual CRAs is essential to harness these unique features. We report the first demonstration of CRAs laser trapping in a programmable array of optical bottle beams. We observe the decay of a trapped rubidium circular level over 5 ms using a novel optical detection method. This first optical detection of alkali CRAs is both spatially and level selective. We finally observe the mechanical oscillations of the CRAs in the traps. This work opens the route to the use of circular levels in quantum devices. It is also promising for quantum simulation and information processing using the full extent of Rydberg manifolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ravon
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - P Méhaignerie
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Y Machu
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - A Durán Hernández
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - M Favier
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - J M Raimond
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - M Brune
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - C Sayrin
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, F-75231 Paris, France
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5
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Nikolov B, Diamond-Hitchcock E, Bass J, Spong NLR, Pritchard JD. Randomized Benchmarking Using Nondestructive Readout in a Two-Dimensional Atom Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:030602. [PMID: 37540850 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutral atoms are a promising platform for scalable quantum computing, however, prior demonstration of high fidelity gates or low-loss readout methods have employed restricted numbers of qubits. Using randomized benchmarking of microwave-driven single-qubit gates, we demonstrate average gate errors of 7(2)×10^{-5} on a 225 site atom array using conventional, destructive readout. We further demonstrate a factor of 1.7 suppression of the primary measurement errors via low-loss, nondestructive, and state-selective readout on 49 sites while achieving gate errors of 2(9)×10^{-4}.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nikolov
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - E Diamond-Hitchcock
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J Bass
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - N L R Spong
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J D Pritchard
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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6
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Guttridge A, Ruttley DK, Baldock AC, González-Férez R, Sadeghpour HR, Adams CS, Cornish SL. Observation of Rydberg Blockade Due to the Charge-Dipole Interaction between an Atom and a Polar Molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:013401. [PMID: 37478436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate Rydberg blockade due to the charge-dipole interaction between a single Rb atom and a single RbCs molecule confined in optical tweezers. The molecule is formed by magnetoassociation of a Rb+Cs atom pair and subsequently transferred to the rovibrational ground state with an efficiency of 91(1)%. Species-specific tweezers are used to control the separation between the atom and molecule. The charge-dipole interaction causes blockade of the transition to the Rb(52s) Rydberg state, when the atom-molecule separation is set to 310(40) nm. The observed excitation dynamics are in good agreement with simulations using calculated interaction potentials. Our results open up the prospect of a hybrid platform where quantum information is transferred between individually trapped molecules using Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Guttridge
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel K Ruttley
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Archie C Baldock
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Rosario González-Férez
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - H R Sadeghpour
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C S Adams
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L Cornish
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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7
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Hollerith S, Zeiher J. Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3925-3939. [PMID: 36977279 PMCID: PMC10184126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Controlling molecular binding at the level of single atoms is one of the holy grails of quantum chemistry. Rydberg macrodimers─bound states between highly excited Rydberg atoms─provide a novel perspective in this direction. Resulting from binding potentials formed by the strong, long-range interactions of Rydberg states, Rydberg macrodimers feature bond lengths in the micrometer regime, exceeding those of conventional molecules by orders of magnitude. Using single-atom control in quantum gas microscopes, the unique properties of these exotic states can be studied with unprecedented control, including the response to magnetic fields or the polarization of light in their photoassociation. The high accuracy achieved in spectroscopic studies of macrodimers makes them an ideal testbed to benchmark Rydberg interactions, with direct relevance to quantum computing and information protocols where these are employed. This review provides a historic overview and summarizes the recent findings in the field of Rydberg macrodimers. Furthermore, it presents new data on interactions between macrodimers, leading to a phenomenon analogous to Rydberg blockade at the level of molecules, opening the path toward studying many-body systems of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hollerith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
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8
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Jiao Y, Hao L, Bai J, Fan J, Bai Z, Li W, Zhao J, Jia S. Dephasing of ultracold cesium 80D 5/2-Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7545-7553. [PMID: 36859883 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We study Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of a cascade three-level atom involving 80D5/2 state in a strong interaction regime employing a cesium ultracold cloud. In our experiment, a strong coupling laser couples 6P3/2 to 80D5/2 transition, while a weak probe, driving 6S1/2 to 6P3/2 transition, probes the coupling induced EIT signal. At the two-photon resonance, we observe that the EIT transmission decreases slowly with time, which is a signature of interaction induced metastability. The dephasing rate γOD is extracted with optical depth OD = γODt. We find that the optical depth linearly increases with time at onset for a fixed probe incident photon number Rin before saturation. The dephasing rate shows a nonlinear dependence on Rin. The dephasing mechanism is mainly attributed to the strong dipole-dipole interactions, which leads to state transfer from nD5/2 to other Rydberg states. We demonstrate that the typical transfer time τ0(80D) obtained by the state selective field ionization technique is comparable with the decay time of EIT transmission τ0(EIT). The presented experiment provides a useful tool for investigating the strong nonlinear optical effects and metastable state in Rydberg many-body systems.
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9
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Nonequilibrium Steady State in a Large Magneto-Optical Trap. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering light-mediated long-range interactions between cold atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT), we present numerical evidence of a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) for sufficiently large number of atoms (>108). This state manifests itself as the appearance of an anisotropic distribution of velocity when a MOT approaches the threshold beyond which self-oscillating instabilities occur. Our three-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal model with nonlocal spatial dependencies stemming from the interatomic interactions has recently been compared successfully to predict different instability thresholds and regimes in experiments with rubidium atoms. The behavior of the NESS is studied as a function of the main MOT parameters, including its spatiotemporal characteristics.
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10
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McDonnell K, Keary LF, Pritchard JD. Demonstration of a Quantum Gate Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:200501. [PMID: 36461988 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a native CNOT gate between two individually addressed neutral atoms based on electromagnetically induced transparency. This protocol utilizes the strong long-range interactions of Rydberg states to enable conditional state transfer on the target qubit when operated in the blockade regime. An advantage of this scheme is it enables implementation of multiqubit CNOT^{k} gates using a pulse sequence independent of qubit number, providing a simple gate for efficient implementation of digital quantum algorithms and stabilizer measurements for quantum error correction. We achieve a loss corrected gate fidelity of F_{CNOT}^{cor}=0.82(6), and prepare an entangled Bell state with F_{Bell}^{cor}=0.66(5), limited at present by laser power. We present a number of technical improvements to advance this to a level required for fault-tolerant scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McDonnell
- EQOP, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - L F Keary
- EQOP, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - J D Pritchard
- EQOP, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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11
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Mu WL, Li XX, Shao XQ. Cooling neutral atoms into maximal entanglement in the Rydberg blockade regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:4491-4494. [PMID: 36048686 DOI: 10.1364/ol.471591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose a cooling scheme to prepare stationary entanglement of neutral atoms in the Rydberg blockade regime by the combination of periodically collective laser pumping and dissipation. In each cycle, the controlled unitary dynamics process can selectively pump atoms away from the nontarget state while keeping the target state unchanged. The subsequent dissipative process redistributes the populations of ground states through the engineered spontaneous emission. After a number of cycles, the system will eventually be stabilized into the desired steady state, independent of the initial state. This protocol does not rely on coherent addressing of individual neutral atoms or fine control of Rydberg interaction intensity, which can, in principle, greatly improve the feasibility of experiments in related fields.
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12
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Wu Y, Kolkowitz S, Puri S, Thompson JD. Erasure conversion for fault-tolerant quantum computing in alkaline earth Rydberg atom arrays. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4657. [PMID: 35945218 PMCID: PMC9363413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Executing quantum algorithms on error-corrected logical qubits is a critical step for scalable quantum computing, but the requisite numbers of qubits and physical error rates are demanding for current experimental hardware. Recently, the development of error correcting codes tailored to particular physical noise models has helped relax these requirements. In this work, we propose a qubit encoding and gate protocol for 171Yb neutral atom qubits that converts the dominant physical errors into erasures, that is, errors in known locations. The key idea is to encode qubits in a metastable electronic level, such that gate errors predominantly result in transitions to disjoint subspaces whose populations can be continuously monitored via fluorescence. We estimate that 98% of errors can be converted into erasures. We quantify the benefit of this approach via circuit-level simulations of the surface code, finding a threshold increase from 0.937% to 4.15%. We also observe a larger code distance near the threshold, leading to a faster decrease in the logical error rate for the same number of physical qubits, which is important for near-term implementations. Erasure conversion should benefit any error correcting code, and may also be applied to design new gates and encodings in other qubit platforms. In quantum computing, realistic error models can allow tailored correction schemes for specific platforms. Here, while considering the case of qubits encoded in metastable electronic levels of atomic arrays, the authors propose a way to convert a large fraction of occurring errors into detectable leakages, or erasure errors, which are vastly easier to correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shimon Kolkowitz
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jeff D Thompson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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13
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Müller MM, Said RS, Jelezko F, Calarco T, Montangero S. One decade of quantum optimal control in the chopped random basis. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:076001. [PMID: 35605567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chopped random basis (CRAB) ansatz for quantum optimal control has been proven to be a versatile tool to enable quantum technology applications such as quantum computing, quantum simulation, quantum sensing, and quantum communication. Its capability to encompass experimental constraints-while maintaining an access to the usually trap-free control landscape-and to switch from open-loop to closed-loop optimization (including with remote access-or RedCRAB) is contributing to the development of quantum technology on many different physical platforms. In this review article we present the development, the theoretical basis and the toolbox for this optimization algorithm, as well as an overview of the broad range of different theoretical and experimental applications that exploit this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Müller
- Peter Grünberg Institute-Quantum Control (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Germany
| | - Ressa S Said
- Institute for Quantum Optics & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Ulm, D-89081 Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Ulm, D-89081 Germany
| | - Tommaso Calarco
- Peter Grünberg Institute-Quantum Control (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Germany
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'G. Galilei', Università degli Studi di Padova & INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Italy
- Padua Quantum Technology Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, I-35131 Italy
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14
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Assembly and coherent control of a register of nuclear spin qubits. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2779. [PMID: 35589685 PMCID: PMC9120523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of a register of highly coherent, but independent, qubits is a prerequisite to performing universal quantum computation. Here we introduce a qubit encoded in two nuclear spin states of a single 87Sr atom and demonstrate coherence approaching the minute-scale within an assembled register of individually-controlled qubits. While other systems have shown impressive coherence times through some combination of shielding, careful trapping, global operations, and dynamical decoupling, we achieve comparable coherence times while individually driving multiple qubits in parallel. We highlight that even with simultaneous manipulation of multiple qubits within the register, we observe coherence in excess of 105 times the current length of the operations, with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${T}_{2}^{{{{{\mathrm{echo}}}}}}=\left(40\pm 7\right)$$\end{document}T2echo=40±7 seconds. We anticipate that nuclear spin qubits will combine readily with the technical advances that have led to larger arrays of individually trapped neutral atoms and high-fidelity entangling operations, thus accelerating the realization of intermediate-scale quantum information processors. In large qubit registers, long coherence times and individual qubit control are difficult to achieve at the same time. Here, the authors assemble a 2D register of qubits in an array of fermionic alkaline-earth atoms, where tailored pulses can be applied to subsets of individual qubits in parallel.
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15
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Hamedi HR, Žlabys G, Ahufinger V, Halfmann T, Mompart J, Juzeliūnas G. Spatially strongly confined atomic excitation via a two dimensional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:13915-13930. [PMID: 35473146 DOI: 10.1364/oe.447397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We consider a method of sub-wavelength superlocalization and patterning of atomic matter waves via a two dimensional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (2D STIRAP) process. An atom initially prepared in its ground level interacts with a doughnut-shaped optical vortex pump beam and a traveling wave Stokes laser beam with a constant (top-hat) intensity profile in space. The beams are sent in a counter-intuitive temporal sequence, in which the Stokes pulse precedes the pump pulse. The atoms interacting with both the traveling wave and the vortex beam are transferred to a final state through the 2D STIRAP, while those located at the core of the vortex beam remain in the initial state, creating a super-narrow nanometer scale atomic spot in the spatial distribution of ground state atoms. By numerical simulations we show that the 2D STIRAP approach outperforms the established method of coherent population trapping, yielding much stronger confinement of atomic excitation. Numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation show that using such a method one can create 2D bright and dark solitonic structures in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). The method allows one to circumvent the restriction set by the diffraction limit inherent to conventional methods for formation of localized solitons, with a full control over the position and size of nanometer resolution defects.
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16
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Andrijauskas J, Vogel J, Mokhberi A, Schmidt-Kaler F. Rydberg Series Excitation of a Single Trapped ^{40}Ca^{+} Ion for Precision Measurements and Principal Quantum Number Scalings. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:203001. [PMID: 34860051 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.203001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A complete set of spectroscopic data is indispensable when using Rydberg states of trapped ions for quantum information processing. We carried out Rydberg series spectroscopy for nS_{1/2} states with 38≤n≤65 and for nD_{5/2} states with 37≤n≤50 on a single trapped ^{40}Ca^{+} ion. We determined the ionization energy of 2 870 575.582(15) GHz, 60 times more accurately as compared to the accepted value and contradicting it by 7.5 standard deviations. We confirm quantum defect values of δ_{S_{1/2}}=1.802 995(5) and δ_{D_{5/2}}=0.626 888(9) for nS_{1/2} and nD_{5/2} states, respectively, which allow for unambiguous addressing of Rydberg levels of Ca^{+} ions. Our measurements confirm Rydberg ion scaling properties, e.g., for blackbody induced ionization, linewidths and excitation strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrijauskas
- QUANTUM, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Vogel
- QUANTUM, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Mokhberi
- QUANTUM, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Schmidt-Kaler
- QUANTUM, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Young JT, Bienias P, Belyansky R, Kaufman AM, Gorshkov AV. Asymmetric Blockade and Multiqubit Gates via Dipole-Dipole Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:120501. [PMID: 34597076 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their strong and tunable interactions, Rydberg atoms can be used to realize fast two-qubit entangling gates. We propose a generalization of a generic two-qubit Rydberg-blockade gate to multiqubit Rydberg-blockade gates that involve both many control qubits and many target qubits simultaneously. This is achieved by using strong microwave fields to dress nearby Rydberg states, leading to asymmetric blockade in which control-target interactions are much stronger than control-control and target-target interactions. The implementation of these multiqubit gates can drastically simplify both quantum algorithms and state preparation. To illustrate this, we show that a 25-atom Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state can be created using only three gates with an error of 5.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T Young
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Przemyslaw Bienias
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Ron Belyansky
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Adam M Kaufman
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Alexey V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
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18
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Haga T, Nakagawa M, Hamazaki R, Ueda M. Liouvillian Skin Effect: Slowing Down of Relaxation Processes without Gap Closing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:070402. [PMID: 34459629 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.070402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is highly nontrivial to what extent we can deduce the relaxation behavior of a quantum dissipative system from the spectral gap of the Liouvillian that governs the time evolution of the density matrix. We investigate the relaxation processes of a quantum dissipative system that exhibits the Liouvillian skin effect, which means that the eigenmodes of the Liouvillian are localized exponentially close to the boundary of the system, and find that the timescale for the system to reach a steady state depends not only on the Liouvillian gap Δ, but also on the localization length ξ of the eigenmodes. In particular, we show that the longest relaxation time τ that is maximized over initial states and local observables is given by τ∼Δ^{-1}(1+L/ξ) with L being the system size. This implies that the longest relaxation time can diverge for L→∞ without gap closing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Haga
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakagawa
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hamazaki
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Nonequilibrium Quantum Statistical Mechanics RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN iTHEMS, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Physics of Intelligence, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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19
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Xu W, Venkatramani AV, Cantú SH, Šumarac T, Klüsener V, Lukin MD, Vuletić V. Fast Preparation and Detection of a Rydberg Qubit Using Atomic Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:050501. [PMID: 34397223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new approach for fast preparation, manipulation, and collective readout of an atomic Rydberg-state qubit. By making use of Rydberg blockade inside a small atomic ensemble, we prepare a single qubit within 3 μs with a success probability of F_{p}=0.93±0.02, rotate it, and read out its state in 6 μs with a single-shot fidelity of F_{d}=0.92±0.04. The ensemble-assisted detection is 10^{3} times faster than imaging of a single atom with the same optical resolution, and enables fast repeated nondestructive measurement. We observe qubit coherence times of 15 μs, much longer than the π rotation time of 90 ns. Potential applications ranging from faster quantum information processing in atom arrays to efficient implementation of quantum error correction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Xu
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Aditya V Venkatramani
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Sergio H Cantú
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tamara Šumarac
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Valentin Klüsener
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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20
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21
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Hashizume T, Bentsen GS, Weber S, Daley AJ. Deterministic Fast Scrambling with Neutral Atom Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:200603. [PMID: 34110181 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fast scramblers are dynamical quantum systems that produce many-body entanglement on a timescale that grows logarithmically with the system size N. We propose and investigate a family of deterministic, fast scrambling quantum circuits realizable in near-term experiments with arrays of neutral atoms. We show that three experimental tools-nearest-neighbor Rydberg interactions, global single-qubit rotations, and shuffling operations facilitated by an auxiliary tweezer array-are sufficient to generate nonlocal interaction graphs capable of scrambling quantum information using only O(logN) parallel applications of nearest-neighbor gates. These tools enable direct experimental access to fast scrambling dynamics in a highly controlled and programmable way and can be harnessed to produce highly entangled states with varied applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hashizume
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory S Bentsen
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02465, USA
| | - Sebastian Weber
- Institute for Theoretical Physics III and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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22
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Yin HD, Li XX, Wang GC, Shao XQ. One-step implementation of Toffoli gate for neutral atoms based on unconventional Rydberg pumping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:35576-35587. [PMID: 33379670 DOI: 10.1364/oe.410158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the idea of universal quantum computation, a direct synthesis of a multiqubit logic gate can greatly improve the efficiency of quantum information processing tasks. Here we propose an efficient scheme to implement a three-qubit controlled-not (Toffoli) gate of neutral atoms based on unconventional Rydberg pumping. By adjusting the strengths of Rabi frequencies of driving fields, the Toffoli gate can be achieved within one step, which is also insensitive to the fluctuation of the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction. Considering different atom alignments, we can obtain a high-fidelity Toffoli gate at the same operation time ∼7 μs. In addition, our scheme can be further extended to the four-qubit case without altering the operating time.
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23
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Gillman E, Carollo F, Lesanovsky I. Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in (1+1)-Dimensional Quantum Cellular Automata with Controllable Quantum Correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:100403. [PMID: 32955309 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent progress in the experimental development of quantum simulators based on Rydberg atoms, we introduce and investigate the dynamics of a class of (1+1)-dimensional quantum cellular automata. These nonequilibrium many-body models, which are quantum generalizations of the Domany-Kinzel cellular automaton, possess two key features: they display stationary behavior and nonequilibrium phase transitions despite being isolated systems. Moreover, they permit the controlled introduction of local quantum correlations, which allows for the impact of quantumness on the dynamics and phase transition to be assessed. We show that projected entangled pair state tensor networks permit a natural and efficient representation of the cellular automaton. Here, the degree of quantumness and complexity of the dynamics is reflected in the difficulty of contracting the tensor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Gillman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Carollo
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Stecker M, Nold R, Steinert LM, Grimmel J, Petrosyan D, Fortágh J, Günther A. Controlling the Dipole Blockade and Ionization Rate of Rydberg Atoms in Strong Electric Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:103602. [PMID: 32955299 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study a hitherto unexplored regime of the Rydberg excitation blockade using highly Stark-shifted, yet long-living, states of Rb atoms subject to electric fields above the classical ionization limit. Such states allow tuning the dipole-dipole interaction strength while their ionization rate can be changed over 2 orders of magnitude by small variations of the electric field. We demonstrate laser excitation of the interacting Rydberg states followed by their detection using controlled ionization and magnified imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution. Our work reveals new possibilities to engineer the interaction strength and dynamically control the ionization and detection of Rydberg atoms, which can be useful for realizing and assessing quantum simulators that vary in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Stecker
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raphael Nold
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lea-Marina Steinert
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Grimmel
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Petrosyan
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - József Fortágh
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Center for Quantum Science, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Yang B, Sun H, Huang CJ, Wang HY, Deng Y, Dai HN, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. Cooling and entangling ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Science 2020; 369:550-553. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz6801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Scalable, coherent many-body systems can enable the realization of previously unexplored quantum phases and have the potential to exponentially speed up information processing. Thermal fluctuations are negligible and quantum effects govern the behavior of such systems with extremely low temperature. We report the cooling of a quantum simulator with 10,000 atoms and mass production of high-fidelity entangled pairs. In a two-dimensional plane, we cool Mott insulator samples by immersing them into removable superfluid reservoirs, achieving an entropy per particle of 1.9−0.4+1.7×10−3kB. The atoms are then rearranged into a two-dimensional lattice free of defects. We further demonstrate a two-qubit gate with a fidelity of 0.993 ± 0.001 for entangling 1250 atom pairs. Our results offer a setting for exploring low-energy many-body phases and may enable the creation of large-scale entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chun-Jiong Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Han-Yi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Youjin Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Han-Ning Dai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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26
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Zhang C, Pokorny F, Li W, Higgins G, Pöschl A, Lesanovsky I, Hennrich M. Submicrosecond entangling gate between trapped ions via Rydberg interaction. Nature 2020; 580:345-349. [PMID: 32296191 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Generating quantum entanglement in large systems on timescales much shorter than the coherence time is key to powerful quantum simulation and computation. Trapped ions are among the most accurately controlled and best isolated quantum systems1 with low-error entanglement gates operated within tens of microseconds using the vibrational motion of few-ion crystals2,3. To exceed the level of complexity tractable by classical computers the main challenge is to realize fast entanglement operations in crystals made up of many ions (large ion crystals)4. The strong dipole-dipole interactions in polar molecule5 and Rydberg atom6,7 systems allow much faster entangling gates, yet stable state-independent confinement comparable with trapped ions needs to be demonstrated in these systems8. Here we combine the benefits of these approaches: we report a two-ion entangling gate with 700-nanosecond gate time that uses the strong dipolar interaction between trapped Rydberg ions, which we use to produce a Bell state with 78 per cent fidelity. The sources of gate error are identified and a total error of less than 0.2 per cent is predicted for experimentally achievable parameters. Furthermore, we predict that residual coupling to motional modes contributes an approximate gate error of 10-4 in a large ion crystal of 100 ions. This provides a way to speed up and scale up trapped-ion quantum computers and simulators substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fabian Pokorny
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weibin Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gerard Higgins
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pöschl
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hennrich
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Omran A, Levine H, Keesling A, Semeghini G, Wang TT, Ebadi S, Bernien H, Zibrov AS, Pichler H, Choi S, Cui J, Rossignolo M, Rembold P, Montangero S, Calarco T, Endres M, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. Generation and manipulation of Schrödinger cat states in Rydberg atom arrays. Science 2020; 365:570-574. [PMID: 31395778 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement involving coherent superpositions of macroscopically distinct states is among the most striking features of quantum theory, but its realization is challenging because such states are extremely fragile. Using a programmable quantum simulator based on neutral atom arrays with interactions mediated by Rydberg states, we demonstrate the creation of "Schrödinger cat" states of the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) type with up to 20 qubits. Our approach is based on engineering the energy spectrum and using optimal control of the many-body system. We further demonstrate entanglement manipulation by using GHZ states to distribute entanglement to distant sites in the array, establishing important ingredients for quantum information processing and quantum metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Omran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - H Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A Keesling
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - G Semeghini
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - T T Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Physics, Gordon College, Wenham, MA 01984, USA
| | - S Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - H Bernien
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - A S Zibrov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - H Pichler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Institute for Theoretical Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics (ITAMP), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J Cui
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Quantum Control (PGI-8), D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Rossignolo
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center of Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - P Rembold
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Quantum Control (PGI-8), D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei," Università degli Studi di Padova and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - T Calarco
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Quantum Control (PGI-8), D-52425 Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - M Endres
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - M Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - V Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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28
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Reynolds LA, Schwartz E, Ebling U, Weyland M, Brand J, Andersen MF. Direct Measurements of Collisional Dynamics in Cold Atom Triads. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:073401. [PMID: 32142320 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of optical tweezers for trapping atoms has opened remarkable opportunities for manipulating few-body systems. Here, we present the first bottom-up assembly of atom triads. We directly observe atom loss through inelastic collisions at the single event level, overcoming the substantial challenge in many-atom experiments of distinguishing one-, two-, and three-particle processes. We measure a strong suppression of three-body loss, which is not fully explained by the presently availably theory for three-body processes. The suppression of losses could indicate the presence of local anticorrelations due to the interplay of attractive short range interactions and low dimensional confinement. Our methodology opens a promising pathway in experimental few-body dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Reynolds
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - E Schwartz
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - U Ebling
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Weyland
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J Brand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M F Andersen
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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29
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Jo H, Song Y, Kim M, Ahn J. Rydberg Atom Entanglements in the Weak Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:033603. [PMID: 32031861 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.033603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an entanglement scheme for Rydberg atoms using the van der Waals interaction phase induced by Ramsey-type pulsed interactions. This scheme realizes not only controlled phase operations between atoms at a distance larger than Rydberg blockade distance, but also various counterintuitive entanglement examples, including two-atom entanglement in the presence of a closer third atom and W-state generation for three partially blockaded atoms. Experimental realization is conducted with single rubidium atoms in optical tweezer dipole traps, to demonstrate the proposed entanglement generations with an entanglement fidelity of F=0.59±0.11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlae Jo
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yunheung Song
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Minhyuk Kim
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jaewook Ahn
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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30
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Barredo D, Lienhard V, Scholl P, de Léséleuc S, Boulier T, Browaeys A, Lahaye T. Three-Dimensional Trapping of Individual Rydberg Atoms in Ponderomotive Bottle Beam Traps. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:023201. [PMID: 32004042 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate three-dimensional trapping of individual Rydberg atoms in holographic optical bottle beam traps. Starting with cold, ground-state ^{87}Rb atoms held in standard optical tweezers, we excite them to nS_{1/2}, nP_{1/2}, or nD_{3/2} Rydberg states and transfer them to a hollow trap at 850 nm. For principal quantum numbers 60≤n≤90, the measured trapping time coincides with the Rydberg state lifetime in a 300 K environment. We show that these traps are compatible with quantum information and simulation tasks by performing single qubit microwave Rabi flopping, as well as by measuring the interaction-induced, coherent spin-exchange dynamics between two trapped Rydberg atoms separated by 40 μm. These results will find applications in the realization of high-fidelity quantum simulations and quantum logic operations with Rydberg atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barredo
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - V Lienhard
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - P Scholl
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - S de Léséleuc
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - T Boulier
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Browaeys
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - T Lahaye
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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31
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Garcia S, Stammeier M, Deiglmayr J, Merkt F, Wallraff A. Single-Shot Nondestructive Detection of Rydberg-Atom Ensembles by Transmission Measurement of a Microwave Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:193201. [PMID: 31765186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.193201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental realization of single-shot nondestructive detection of ensembles of helium Rydberg atoms. We use the dispersive frequency shift of a superconducting microwave cavity interacting with the ensemble. By probing the transmission of the cavity, we determine the number of Rydberg atoms or the populations of Rydberg quantum states when the ensemble is prepared in a superposition. At the optimal microwave probe power, determined by the critical photon number, we reach single-shot detection of the atom number with 13% relative precision for ensembles of about 500 Rydberg atoms with a measurement backaction characterized by approximately 2% population transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garcia
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Stammeier
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Deiglmayr
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Merkt
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Wallraff
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Levine H, Keesling A, Semeghini G, Omran A, Wang TT, Ebadi S, Bernien H, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Pichler H, Lukin MD. Parallel Implementation of High-Fidelity Multiqubit Gates with Neutral Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:170503. [PMID: 31702233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.170503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the implementation of universal two- and three-qubit entangling gates on neutral-atom qubits encoded in long-lived hyperfine ground states. The gates are mediated by excitation to strongly interacting Rydberg states and are implemented in parallel on several clusters of atoms in a one-dimensional array of optical tweezers. Specifically, we realize the controlled-phase gate, enacted by a novel, fast protocol involving only global coupling of two qubits to Rydberg states. We benchmark this operation by preparing Bell states with fidelity F≥95.0(2)%, and extract gate fidelity ≥97.4(3)%, averaged across five atom pairs. In addition, we report a proof-of-principle implementation of the three-qubit Toffoli gate, in which two control atoms simultaneously constrain the behavior of one target atom. These experiments demonstrate key ingredients for high-fidelity quantum information processing in a scalable neutral-atom platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Keesling
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Giulia Semeghini
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ahmed Omran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Tout T Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts 01984, USA
| | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hannes Pichler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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33
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Vogel J, Li W, Mokhberi A, Lesanovsky I, Schmidt-Kaler F. Shuttling of Rydberg Ions for Fast Entangling Operations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:153603. [PMID: 31702316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.153603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a scheme to entangle Rydberg ions in a linear ion crystal, using the high electric polarizability of the Rydberg electronic states in combination with mutual Coulomb coupling of ions that establishes common modes of motion. After laser initialization of ions to a superposition of ground and Rydberg states, the entanglement operation is driven purely by applying a voltage pulse that shuttles the ion crystal back and forth. This operation can achieve entanglement on a sub-μs timescale, more than 2 orders of magnitude faster than typical gate operations driven by continuous-wave lasers. Our analysis shows that the fidelity achieved with this protocol can exceed 99.9% with experimentally achievable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vogel
- QUANTUM, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - A Mokhberi
- QUANTUM, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - I Lesanovsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-equilibrium Systems, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Schmidt-Kaler
- QUANTUM, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Staudinger Weg 18, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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34
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Higgins G, Pokorny F, Zhang C, Hennrich M. Highly Polarizable Rydberg Ion in a Paul Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:153602. [PMID: 31702307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Usually the influence of the quadratic Stark effect on an ion's trapping potential is minuscule and only needs to be considered in atomic clock experiments. In this work we excite a trapped ion to a Rydberg state with polarizability ∼8 orders of magnitude higher than a low-lying electronic state; we find that the highly polarizable ion experiences a vastly different trapping potential owing to the Stark effect. We observe changes in trap stiffness, equilibrium position, and minimum potential, which can be tuned using the trapping electric fields. These effects lie at the heart of several proposed studies, including a high-fidelity submicrosecond entangling operation; in addition we demonstrate these effects may be used to minimize ion micromotion. Mitigation of Stark effects is important for coherent control of Rydberg ions; we illustrate this by carrying out the first Rabi oscillations between a low-lying electronic state and a Rydberg state of an ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Higgins
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, AT-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Pokorny
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Hennrich
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Norcia MA, Young AW, Eckner WJ, Oelker E, Ye J, Kaufman AM. Seconds-scale coherence on an optical clock transition in a tweezer array. Science 2019; 366:93-97. [PMID: 31515245 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay0644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coherent control of high-quality factor optical transitions in atoms has revolutionized precision frequency metrology. Leading optical atomic clocks rely on the interrogation of such transitions in either single ions or ensembles of neutral atoms to stabilize a laser frequency at high precision and accuracy. We demonstrate a platform that combines the key strengths of these two approaches, based on arrays of individual strontium atoms held within optical tweezers. We report coherence times of 3.4 seconds, single-ensemble duty cycles up to 96% through repeated interrogation, and frequency stability of 4.7 × 10-16 (τ/s)-1/2 These results establish optical tweezer arrays as a powerful tool for coherent control of optical transitions for metrology and quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Norcia
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Aaron W Young
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - William J Eckner
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Eric Oelker
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Adam M Kaufman
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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36
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Yu D, Wang H, Ma D, Zhao X, Qian J. Adiabatic and high-fidelity quantum gates with hybrid Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:23080-23094. [PMID: 31510590 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.023080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rydberg blockaded gate is a fundamental ingredient for scalable quantum computation with neutral Rydberg atoms. However the fidelity of such a gate is intrinsically limited by a blockade error coming from a Rydberg level shift that forbids its extensive use. Based on a dark-state adiabatic passage, we develop a novel protocol for realizing a two-atom blockade-error-free quantum gate in a hybrid system with simultaneous van der Waals (vdWsI) and resonant dipole-dipole interactions (DDI). The basic idea relies on converting the roles of two interactions, which is, the DDI serves as one time-dependent tunable pulse and the vdWsI acts as a negligible middle level shift, as long as the adiabatic condition is preserved. We adopt an optimized super-Gaussian optical pulse with kπ(k ≫ 1) area accompanied by a smooth tuning for the DDI, composing a circular stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, which can robustly ensure a faster operation time ∼ 80ns as well as a highly-efficient gate fidelity ∼ 0.9996. This theoretical protocol offers a flexible treatment for hybrid interactions in complex Rydberg systems, enabling on-demand design of new types of effective Rydberg quantum gate devices.
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37
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Li DX, Zheng TY, Shao XQ. Adiabatic preparation of Multipartite GHZ states via Rydberg ground-state blockade. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20874-20885. [PMID: 31510175 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The multipartite GHZ states are useful resources for quantum information processing. Here we put forward a scalable way to adiabatically prepare the multipartite GHZ states in a chain of Rydberg atoms. Building on the ground-state blockade effect of Rydberg atoms and the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), we suppress the adverse effect of the atomic spontaneous emission, and obtain a high fidelity of the multipartite GHZ states without requirements on the operational time. After investigating the feasibility of the proposal, we show a 3-qubit GHZ state can be generated in a wide range of relevant parameters and a fidelity above $98\%$98% is achievable with the current experimental technologies.
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38
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Du FF, Shi ZR. Robust hybrid hyper-controlled-not gates assisted by an input-output process of low-Q cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17493-17506. [PMID: 31252708 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The two or more degrees of freedoms (DOFs) of photon systems are very useful in hyperparallel photonic quantum computing to accomplish more quantum logic gate operations with less resource, and depress photonic dissipation noise in quantum information processing. We present some flexible and adjustable schemes for hybrid hyper-controlled-not (hyper-CNOT) gates assisted by low-Q cavities, on the two-photon systems in both the spatial-mode and the polarization DOFs. These hybrid spatial-polarization hyper-CNOT gates consume less quantum resource and are more robust against photonic dissipation noise, compared with the integration of two cascaded CNOT gates in one DOF. Besides, simultaneous counter-propagation of two photons economize extremely the operation time in the whole process of our schemes. Moreover, these quantum logic gates are more feasible for fast quantum operations in the weak-coupling region of the low-Q cavities with current experimental technology, which are much different from strong-coupling cases of the high-Q ones.
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39
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Sompet P, Szigeti SS, Schwartz E, Bradley AS, Andersen MF. Thermally robust spin correlations between two 85Rb atoms in an optical microtrap. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1889. [PMID: 31015406 PMCID: PMC6478867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09420-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex collisional properties of atoms fundamentally limit investigations into a range of processes in many-atom ensembles. In contrast, the bottom-up assembly of few- and many-body systems from individual atoms offers a controlled approach to isolating and studying such collisional processes. Here, we use optical tweezers to individually assemble pairs of trapped 85Rb atoms, and study the spin dynamics of the two-body system in a thermal state. The spin-2 atoms show strong pair correlation between magnetic sublevels on timescales exceeding one second, with measured relative number fluctuations 11.9 ± 0.3 dB below quantum shot noise, limited only by detection efficiency. Spin populations display relaxation dynamics consistent with simulations and theoretical predictions for 85Rb spin interactions, and contrary to the coherent spin waves witnessed in finite-temperature many-body experiments and zero-temperature two-body experiments. Our experimental approach offers a versatile platform for studying two-body quantum dynamics and may provide a route to thermally robust entanglement generation. Spin-changing atomic collisions are important for thermally robust entanglement generation with applications in quantum information. Here the authors demonstrate record high spin state correlations and long spin relaxation times in the collision of two Rb atoms at relatively warm temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimonpan Sompet
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Stuart S Szigeti
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Quantum Science, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Eyal Schwartz
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ashton S Bradley
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mikkel F Andersen
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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40
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Shen CP, Wu JL, Su SL, Liang E. Construction of robust Rydberg controlled-phase gates. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:2036-2039. [PMID: 30985804 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One scheme is presented to construct the robust multi-qubit arbitrary-phase controlled-phase gate (CPG) with one control and multiple target qubits in Rydberg atoms using the Lewis-Riesenfeld (LR) invariant method. The scheme is not limited by adiabatic condition while preserves the robustness against control parameter variations of adiabatic evolution. Comparing with the adiabatic case, our scheme does not require very strong Rydberg interaction strength. Taking the construction of two-qubit π CPG as an example, our scheme is more robust against control parameter variations than non-adiabatic scheme and faster than adiabatic scheme.
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41
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Saskin S, Wilson JT, Grinkemeyer B, Thompson JD. Narrow-Line Cooling and Imaging of Ytterbium Atoms in an Optical Tweezer Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:143002. [PMID: 31050452 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.143002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineering controllable, strongly interacting many-body quantum systems is at the frontier of quantum simulation and quantum information processing. Arrays of laser-cooled neutral atoms in optical tweezers have emerged as a promising platform because of their flexibility and the potential for strong interactions via Rydberg states. Existing neutral atom array experiments utilize alkali atoms, but alkaline-earth atoms offer many advantages in terms of coherence and control, and also open the door to new applications in precision measurement and time keeping. In this Letter, we present a technique to trap individual alkaline-earth-like ytterbium (Yb) atoms in optical tweezer arrays. The narrow ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} intercombination line is used for both cooling and imaging in a magic-wavelength optical tweezer at 532 nm. The low Doppler temperature allows for imaging near the saturation intensity, resulting in a very high atom detection fidelity. We demonstrate the imaging fidelity concretely by observing rare (<1 in 10^{4} images) spontaneous quantum jumps into and out of a metastable state. We also demonstrate stochastic loading of atoms into a two-dimensional, 144-site tweezer array. This platform will enable advances in quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and precision measurement. The demonstrated narrow-line Doppler imaging may also be applied in tweezer arrays or quantum gas microscopes using other atoms with similar transitions, such as erbium and dysprosium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saskin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J T Wilson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - B Grinkemeyer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J D Thompson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
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42
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Zhang W, Gong X, Li H, Lu P, Sun F, Ji Q, Lin K, Ma J, Li H, Qiang J, He F, Wu J. Electron-nuclear correlated multiphoton-route to Rydberg fragments of molecules. Nat Commun 2019; 10:757. [PMID: 30765696 PMCID: PMC6375988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atoms and molecules exposed to strong laser fields can be excited to the Rydberg states with very high principal quantum numbers and large orbitals. It allows acceleration of neutral particles, generate near-threshold harmonics, and reveal multiphoton Rabi oscillations and rich photoelectron spectra. However, the physical mechanism of Rydberg state excitation in strong laser fields is yet a puzzle. Here, we identify the electron-nuclear correlated multiphoton excitation as the general mechanism by coincidently measuring all charged and neutral fragments ejected from a H2 molecule. Ruled by the ac-Stark effect, the internuclear separation for resonant multiphoton excitation varies with the laser intensity. It alters the photon energy partition between the ejected electrons and nuclei and thus leads to distinct kinetic energy spectra of the nuclear fragments. The electron-nuclear correlation offers an alternative visual angle to capture rich ultrafast processes of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative innovation center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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43
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Abstract
Although constructing a quantum computation device with multiple qubits is arguably a difficult task, several seconds of coherence time with tens of thousands of quantum particles has been demonstrated with a trapped atomic ensemble. As a practical application, a security-enhanced quantum state memory using atoms has been demonstrated. It was shown that the quantum superposition preserved in an atomic ensemble was scrambled and faithfully descrambled; however, the scrambled phase ambiguity remained at 50%. To overcome this problem, we propose and demonstrate a scheme that achieves 100% phase ambiguity without introducing an extra Ramsey interferometer. Moreover, this scheme can be used as a direct application to keep the choice between two values secret without falsification.
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44
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Engel F, Dieterle T, Schmid T, Tomschitz C, Veit C, Zuber N, Löw R, Pfau T, Meinert F. Observation of Rydberg Blockade Induced by a Single Ion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:193401. [PMID: 30468597 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the long-range interaction of a single ion with a highly excited ultracold Rydberg atom and report on the direct observation of an ion-induced Rydberg excitation blockade mediated over tens of micrometer distances. Our hybrid ion-atom system is directly produced from an ultracold atomic ensemble via near-threshold photoionization of a single Rydberg excitation, employing a two-photon scheme that is specifically suited for generating a very low-energy ion. The ion's motion is precisely controlled by small electric fields, which allows us to analyze the blockade mechanism for a range of principal quantum numbers. Finally, we explore the capability of the ion as a high-sensitivity, single-atom-based electric field sensor. The observed ion-Rydberg-atom interaction is of current interest for entanglement generation or studies of ultracold chemistry in hybrid ion-atom systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Engel
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Dieterle
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Schmid
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Tomschitz
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Veit
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - N Zuber
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Löw
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T Pfau
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Meinert
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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45
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Levine H, Keesling A, Omran A, Bernien H, Schwartz S, Zibrov AS, Endres M, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. High-Fidelity Control and Entanglement of Rydberg-Atom Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:123603. [PMID: 30296143 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Individual neutral atoms excited to Rydberg states are a promising platform for quantum simulation and quantum information processing. However, experimental progress to date has been limited by short coherence times and relatively low gate fidelities associated with such Rydberg excitations. We report progress towards high-fidelity quantum control of Rydberg-atom qubits. Enabled by a reduction in laser phase noise, our approach yields a significant improvement in coherence properties of individual qubits. We further show that this high-fidelity control extends to the multi-particle case by preparing a two-atom entangled state with a fidelity exceeding 0.97(3), and extending its lifetime with a two-atom dynamical decoupling protocol. These advances open up new prospects for scalable quantum simulation and quantum computation with neutral atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Keesling
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ahmed Omran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Sylvain Schwartz
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexander S Zibrov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Manuel Endres
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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46
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Wang GY, Li T, Ai Q, Deng FG. Self-error-corrected hyperparallel photonic quantum computation working with both the polarization and the spatial-mode degrees of freedom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:23333-23346. [PMID: 30184985 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.023333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Usually, the hyperparallel quantum computation can speed up quantum computing, reduce the quantum resource consumed largely, resist to noise, and simplify the storage of quantum information. Here, we present the first scheme for the self-error-corrected hyperparallel photonic quantum computation working with both the polarization and the spatial-mode degrees of freedom of photon systems simultaneously. It can prevent bit-flip errors from happening with an imperfect nonlinear interaction in the nearly realistic condition. We give the way to design the universal hyperparallel photonic quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate on a two-photon system, resorting to the nonlinear interaction between the circularly polarized photon and the electron spin in the quantum dot in a double-sided microcavity system, by taking the imperfect interaction in the nearly realistic condition into account. Its self-error-corrected pattern prevents the bit-flip errors from happening in the hyperparallel quantum CNOT gate, guarantees the robust fidelity, and relaxes the requirement for its experiment. Meanwhile, this scheme works in a failure-heralded way. Also, we generalize this approach to achieve the self-error-corrected hyperparallel quantum CNOTN gate working on a multiple-photon system. These good features make this scheme more useful in the photonic quantum computation and quantum communication in the future.
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47
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Vodola D, Amaro D, Martin-Delgado MA, Müller M. Twins Percolation for Qubit Losses in Topological Color Codes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:060501. [PMID: 30141685 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we establish and explore a new connection between quantum information theory and classical statistical mechanics by studying the problem of qubit losses in 2D topological color codes. We introduce a protocol to cope with qubit losses, which is based on the identification and removal of a twin qubit from the code, and which guarantees the recovery of a valid three-colorable and trivalent reconstructed color code. Moreover, we show that determining the corresponding qubit loss error threshold is equivalent to a new generalized classical percolation problem. We numerically compute the associated qubit loss thresholds for two families of 2D color code and find that with p=0.461±0.005 these are close to satisfying the fundamental limit of 50% as imposed by the no-cloning theorem. Our findings reveal a new connection between topological color codes and percolation theory, show high robustness of color codes against qubit loss, and are directly relevant for implementations of topological quantum error correction in various physical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vodola
- Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - David Amaro
- Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | | | - Markus Müller
- Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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48
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Lester BJ, Lin Y, Brown MO, Kaufman AM, Ball RJ, Knill E, Rey AM, Regal CA. Measurement-Based Entanglement of Noninteracting Bosonic Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:193602. [PMID: 29799233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.193602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the ability to extract a spin-entangled state of two neutral atoms via postselection based on a measurement of their spatial configuration. Typically, entangled states of neutral atoms are engineered via atom-atom interactions. In contrast, in our Letter, we use Hong-Ou-Mandel interference to postselect a spin-singlet state after overlapping two atoms in distinct spin states on an effective beam splitter. We verify the presence of entanglement and determine a bound on the postselected fidelity of a spin-singlet state of (0.62±0.03). The experiment has direct analogy to creating polarization entanglement with single photons and hence demonstrates the potential to use protocols developed for photons to create complex quantum states with noninteracting atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Lester
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Yiheng Lin
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mark O Brown
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Adam M Kaufman
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Randall J Ball
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Emanuel Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ana M Rey
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Cindy A Regal
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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49
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Bounds AD, Jackson NC, Hanley RK, Faoro R, Bridge EM, Huillery P, Jones MPA. Rydberg-Dressed Magneto-optical Trap. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183401. [PMID: 29775327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate the laser cooling and trapping of Rydberg-dressed Sr atoms. By off-resonantly coupling the excited state of a narrow (7 kHz) cooling transition to a high-lying Rydberg state, we transfer Rydberg properties such as enhanced electric polarizability to a stable magneto-optical trap operating at <1 μK. Simulations show that it is possible to reach a regime where the long-range interaction between Rydberg-dressed atoms becomes comparable to the kinetic energy, opening a route to combining laser cooling with tunable long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Bounds
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - N C Jackson
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R K Hanley
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R Faoro
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - E M Bridge
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - P Huillery
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - M P A Jones
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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50
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Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator. Nature 2018; 551:579-584. [PMID: 29189778 DOI: 10.1038/nature24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controllable, coherent many-body systems can provide insights into the fundamental properties of quantum matter, enable the realization of new quantum phases and could ultimately lead to computational systems that outperform existing computers based on classical approaches. Here we demonstrate a method for creating controlled many-body quantum matter that combines deterministically prepared, reconfigurable arrays of individually trapped cold atoms with strong, coherent interactions enabled by excitation to Rydberg states. We realize a programmable Ising-type quantum spin model with tunable interactions and system sizes of up to 51 qubits. Within this model, we observe phase transitions into spatially ordered states that break various discrete symmetries, verify the high-fidelity preparation of these states and investigate the dynamics across the phase transition in large arrays of atoms. In particular, we observe robust many-body dynamics corresponding to persistent oscillations of the order after a rapid quantum quench that results from a sudden transition across the phase boundary. Our method provides a way of exploring many-body phenomena on a programmable quantum simulator and could enable realizations of new quantum algorithms.
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