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Xu Y, Han L, Jiang W, Zuo Z, Pan S, Fleischer A, Ueda K, Wu J. Attosecond ionic photoionization spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3412-3415. [PMID: 38875633 DOI: 10.1364/ol.523947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Photoionization is one of the most fundamental processes in light-matter interaction. Advanced attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy provides the possibility to characterize the ultrafast photoemission process in an extremely short attosecond time scale. Following scattering symmetry rules, residual ions encode ultrafast photoionization prints at the instant of electron removal forming an alternative electron emission chronoscope. Here, we experimentally illustrate the attosecond ion reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transition (RABBIT)-like interferometry through the development of high-resolution ion momentum detection in atomic photoionization processes. Our ion interferometry presents identical momentum- and time-dependent scattering phase shift, as we observed in photoelectron spectroscopy, and thus demonstrates that ion interferometry can be a possible alternative attosecond approach to resolve the photoionization process, without the electron homogeneity limitation.
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2
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Autuori A, Platzer D, Lejman M, Gallician G, Maëder L, Covolo A, Bosse L, Dalui M, Bresteau D, Hergott JF, Tcherbakoff O, Marroux HJB, Loriot V, Lépine F, Poisson L, Taïeb R, Caillat J, Salières P. Anisotropic dynamics of two-photon ionization: An attosecond movie of photoemission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl7594. [PMID: 35319974 PMCID: PMC8942362 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Imaging in real time the complete dynamics of a process as fundamental as photoemission has long been out of reach because of the difficulty of combining attosecond temporal resolution with fine spectral and angular resolutions. Here, we achieve full decoding of the intricate angle-dependent dynamics of a photoemission process in helium, spectrally and anisotropically structured by two-photon transitions through intermediate bound states. Using spectrally and angularly resolved attosecond electron interferometry, we characterize the complex-valued transition probability amplitude toward the photoelectron quantum state. This allows reconstructing in space, time, and energy the complete formation of the photoionized wave packet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Autuori
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dominique Platzer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mariusz Lejman
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Lucie Maëder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Covolo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lea Bosse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Malay Dalui
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Bresteau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Loriot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Lépine
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lionel Poisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay,91405 Orsay, France
| | - Richard Taïeb
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Caillat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Salières
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Abstract
The process of reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) reveals the target atom electronic structure when one of the transitions proceeds from below the ionization threshold. Such an under-threshold RABBITT resonates with the target bound states and thus maps faithfully the discrete energy levels and the corresponding oscillator strengths. We demonstrate this sensitivity by considering the Ne atom driven by the combination of the XUV and IR pulses at the fundmanetal laser frequency in the 800 and 1000 nm ranges.
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4
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Ge P, Fang Y, Guo Z, Ma X, Yu X, Han M, Wu C, Gong Q, Liu Y. Probing the Spin-Orbit Time Delay of Multiphoton Ionization of Kr by Bicircular Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:223001. [PMID: 34152168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study multiphoton ionization of Kr atoms by circular 400-nm laser fields and probe its photoelectron circular dichroism with the weak corotating and counterrotating circular fields at 800 nm. The unusual momentum- and energy-resolved photoelectron circular dichroisms from the ^{2}P_{1/2} ionic state are observed as compared with those from ^{2}P_{3/2} ionic state. We identify an anomalous ionization enhancement at sidebands related to the ^{2}P_{1/2} ionic state on photoelectron momentum distribution when switching the relative helicity of the two fields from corotating to counterrotating. By performing the two-color intensity-continuously-varying experiments and the pump-probe experiment, we find a specific mixed-photon populated resonant transition channel in counterrotating fields that contributes to the ionization enhancement. We then probe the time delay between the two spin-orbit coupled ionic states (^{2}P_{1/2} and ^{2}P_{3/2}) using bicircular fields and reveal that the resonant transition has an insignificant effect on the relative spin-orbit time delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiqi Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenning Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Han
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Barreau L, Petersson CLM, Klinker M, Camper A, Marante C, Gorman T, Kiesewetter D, Argenti L, Agostini P, González-Vázquez J, Salières P, DiMauro LF, Martín F. Disentangling Spectral Phases of Interfering Autoionizing States from Attosecond Interferometric Measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:253203. [PMID: 31347882 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.253203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have determined spectral phases of Ne autoionizing states from extreme ultraviolet and midinfrared attosecond interferometric measurements and ab initio full-electron time-dependent theoretical calculations in an energy interval where several of these states are coherently populated. The retrieved phases exhibit a complex behavior as a function of photon energy, which is the consequence of the interference between paths involving various resonances. In spite of this complexity, we show that phases for individual resonances can still be obtained from experiment by using an extension of the Fano model of atomic resonances. As simultaneous excitation of several resonances is a common scenario in many-electron systems, the present work paves the way to reconstruct electron wave packets coherently generated by attosecond pulses in systems larger than helium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Barreau
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, and Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Leon M Petersson
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Klinker
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoine Camper
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Carlos Marante
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy Gorman
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Luca Argenti
- Department of Physics and CREOL, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Pierre Agostini
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Pascal Salières
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, and Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Louis F DiMauro
- The Ohio State University, Department of Physics, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Jain A, Gaumnitz T, Kheifets A, Wörner HJ. Using a passively stable attosecond beamline for relative photoemission time delays at high XUV photon energies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:28604-28620. [PMID: 30470034 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.028604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present and demonstrate an experimental scheme that enables overlap-free reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) measurements at high extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) photon energies. A compact passively-stabilized attosecond beamline employing a multilayer (ML) mirror allows us to obtain XUV pulses consisting of only two odd high-harmonic orders from an attosecond pulse train (APT). We compare our new technique to existing schemes that are used to perform RABBITT measurements and discuss how our scheme resolves the limitations imposed by spectral complexity of the harmonic comb at high photon energies. We further demonstrate first applications of our scheme for rare gases and gas mixtures, and show that this scheme can be extended to gas-molecule mixtures.
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7
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Anisotropic photoemission time delays close to a Fano resonance. Nat Commun 2018; 9:955. [PMID: 29511164 PMCID: PMC5840338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron correlation and multielectron effects are fundamental interactions that govern many physical and chemical processes in atomic, molecular and solid state systems. The process of autoionization, induced by resonant excitation of electrons into discrete states present in the spectral continuum of atomic and molecular targets, is mediated by electron correlation. Here we investigate the attosecond photoemission dynamics in argon in the 20–40 eV spectral range, in the vicinity of the 3s−1np autoionizing resonances. We present measurements of the differential photoionization cross section and extract energy and angle-dependent atomic time delays with an attosecond interferometric method. With the support of a theoretical model, we are able to attribute a large part of the measured time delay anisotropy to the presence of autoionizing resonances, which not only distort the phase of the emitted photoelectron wave packet but also introduce an angular dependence. Ionization time delays are of interest in understanding the photoionization mechanism in atoms and molecules in ultra-short time scales. Here the authors investigate the angular dependence of photoionization time delays in the presence of an autoionizing resonance in argon atom using RABBITT technique.
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8
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Abstract
Electron holography is used to map out the wave function of a photo-emitted electron
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Vozzi
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, CNR, Milan, Italy
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9
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Villeneuve DM, Hockett P, Vrakking MJJ, Niikura H. Coherent imaging of an attosecond electron wave packet. Science 2017; 356:1150-1153. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Villeneuve
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - M. J. J. Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institut, Max Born Straße 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiromichi Niikura
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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10
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Spectral phase measurement of a Fano resonance using tunable attosecond pulses. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10566. [PMID: 26887682 PMCID: PMC4759632 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron dynamics induced by resonant absorption of light is of fundamental importance in nature and has been the subject of countless studies in many scientific areas. Above the ionization threshold of atomic or molecular systems, the presence of discrete states leads to autoionization, which is an interference between two quantum paths: direct ionization and excitation of the discrete state coupled to the continuum. Traditionally studied with synchrotron radiation, the probability for autoionization exhibits a universal Fano intensity profile as a function of excitation energy. However, without additional phase information, the full temporal dynamics cannot be recovered. Here we use tunable attosecond pulses combined with weak infrared radiation in an interferometric setup to measure not only the intensity but also the phase variation of the photoionization amplitude across an autoionization resonance in argon. The phase variation can be used as a fingerprint of the interactions between the discrete state and the ionization continua, indicating a new route towards monitoring electron correlations in time. Resonant absorption of light in atoms can lead to autoionization, whose probability exhibits a Fano intensity profile. Here, the authors use attosecond pulses and weak infrared radiation to study the phase variation of the photoionization amplitude across an autoionization resonance in argon.
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11
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Hogle CW, Tong XM, Martin L, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC, Ranitovic P. Attosecond Coherent Control of Single and Double Photoionization in Argon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:173004. [PMID: 26551112 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.173004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast high harmonic beams provide new opportunities for coherently controlling excitation and ionization processes in atoms, molecules, and materials on attosecond time scales by employing multiphoton two-pathway electron-wave-packet quantum interferences. Here we use spectrally tailored and frequency tuned vacuum and extreme ultraviolet harmonic combs, together with two phase-locked infrared laser fields, to show how the total single and double photoionization yields of argon can be coherently modulated by controlling the relative phases of both optical and electronic-wave-packet quantum interferences. This Letter is the first to apply quantum control techniques to double photoionization, which is a fundamental process where a single, high-energy photon ionizes two electrons simultaneously from an atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Hogle
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - X M Tong
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - L Martin
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - M M Murnane
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - H C Kapteyn
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - P Ranitovic
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab,1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Nkft, Dugonics ter 13, Szeged H6720, Hungary
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12
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Li Y, Qin M, Zhu X, Zhang Q, Lan P, Lu P. Ultrafast molecular orbital imaging based on attosecond photoelectron diffraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:10687-10702. [PMID: 25969107 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.010687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present ab initio numerical study of ultrafast ionization dynamics of H(2)(+) as well as CO(2) and N(2) exposed to linearly polarized attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. When the molecules are aligned perpendicular to laser polarization direction, photonionization of these molecules show clear and distinguishing diffraction patterns in molecular attosecond photoelectron momentum distributions. The internuclear distances of the molecules are related to the position of the associated diffraction patterns, which can be determined with high accuracy. Moreover, the relative heights of the diffraction fringes contain fruitful information of the molecular orbital structures. We show that the diffraction spectra can be well produced using the two-center interference model. By adopting a simple inversion algorithm which takes into account the symmetry of the initial molecular orbital, we can retrieve the molecular orbital from which the electron is ionized. Our results offer possibility for imaging of molecular structure and orbitals by performing molecular attosecond photoelectron diffraction.
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13
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Quantum Path Interference and Multiple Electron Scattering in Soft X-Ray High-Order Harmonic Generation. PHOTONICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics2010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Su J, Ni H, Jaroń-Becker A, Becker A. Time delays in two-photon ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:263002. [PMID: 25615320 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present results of ab initio numerical simulations of time delays in two-photon ionization of the helium atom using the attosecond streaking technique. The temporal shifts in the streaking traces consist of two contributions, namely, a time delay acquired during the absorption of the two photons from the extreme-ultraviolet field and a time delay accumulated by the photoelectron after photoabsorption. In the case of a nonresonant transition, the absorption of the two photons is found to occur without time delay. In contrast, for a resonant transition a substantial absorption time delay is found, which scales linearly with the duration of the ionizing pulse. The latter can be related to the phase acquired during the transition of the electron from the initial ground state to the continuum and the influence of the streaking field on the resonant structure of the atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Agnieszka Jaroń-Becker
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Andreas Becker
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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15
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Jiménez-Galán Á, Argenti L, Martín F. Modulation of attosecond beating in resonant two-photon ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:263001. [PMID: 25615319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical study of the photoelectron attosecond beating due to interference of two-photon transitions in the presence of autoionizing states. We show that, as a harmonic traverses a resonance, both the phase shift and frequency of the sideband beating significantly vary with photon energy. Furthermore, the beating between two resonant paths persists even when the pump and the probe pulses do not overlap, thus providing a nonholographic interferometric means to reconstruct coherent metastable wave packets. We characterize these phenomena by means of a general analytical model that accounts for the effect of both intermediate and final resonances on two-photon processes. The model predictions are in excellent agreement with those of accurate ab initio calculations for the helium atom in the region of the N=2 doubly excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Jiménez-Galán
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
| | - Luca Argenti
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid, Spain, EU
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16
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Žitnik M, Mihelič A, Bučar K, Kavčič M, Rubensson JE, Svanquist M, Söderström J, Feifel R, Såthe C, Ovcharenko Y, Lyamayev V, Mazza T, Meyer M, Simon M, Journel L, Lüning J, Plekan O, Coreno M, Devetta M, Di Fraia M, Finetti P, Richter R, Grazioli C, Prince KC, Callegari C. High resolution multiphoton spectroscopy by a tunable free-electron-laser light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:193201. [PMID: 25415905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.193201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Seeded free electron lasers theoretically have the intensity, tunability, and resolution required for multiphoton spectroscopy of atomic and molecular species. Using the seeded free electron laser FERMI and a novel detection scheme, we have revealed the two-photon excitation spectra of dipole-forbidden doubly excited states in helium. The spectral profiles of the lowest (-1,0)(+1) (1)S(e) and (0,1)(0) (1)D(e) resonances display energy shifts in the meV range that depend on the pulse intensity. The results are explained by an effective two-level model based on calculated Rabi frequencies and decay rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Žitnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Mihelič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Bučar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Kavčič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J-E Rubensson
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Svanquist
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Söderström
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Feifel
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden and University of Gothenburg, Department of Physics, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Såthe
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Eugene-Wigner-Building Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Lyamayev
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Strasse 3a, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L Journel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Lüning
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, I-34124 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy and eChemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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17
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Marceau C, Gingras G, Witzel B. Excitation with effective subcycle laser pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:203005. [PMID: 24289683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.203005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have used laser pulses with a temporally shaped polarization to demonstrate the multiphoton excitation of the xenon 5g state within a subcycle of a laser pulse. Our polarization gated laser pulses are composed of circularly polarized sections at the leading and trailing edges of the pulse and of an experimentally defined linearly polarized central part. Only the linear part (the gate) of the pulse can excite neutral xenon in the 5g state. The transition cannot be driven with circularly polarized light because the number of photons needed would cause a violation of selection rules for the change of the magnetic quantum number. We show that the linearly polarized central part can be reduced to a subcycle pulse. This allows us to study excitation with an effective pulse as short as 2.3 fs at 800 nm. Electron imaging spectroscopy has been used to visualize the presence of excited states as a function of the pulse duration of the gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marceau
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, Pavillon d'optique-photonique Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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18
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Photoelectron Angular Distribution and Phase in Two-Photon Single Ionization of H and He by a Femtosecond and Attosecond Extreme-Ultraviolet Pulse. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/app3010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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20
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Chini M, Zhao B, Wang H, Cheng Y, Hu SX, Chang Z. Subcycle ac stark shift of helium excited states probed with isolated attosecond pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:073601. [PMID: 23006370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in attosecond science have relied upon the nearly instantaneous response of free electrons to an external field. However, it is still not clear whether bound electrons are able to rearrange on sublaser cycle time scales. Here, we probe the optical Stark shifts induced by a few-cycle near infrared laser field in helium bound states using isolated attosecond pulses in a transient absorption scheme and uncover a subcycle laser-induced energy level shift of the laser-dressed 1s3p state.
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21
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Salières P, Maquet A, Haessler S, Caillat J, Taïeb R. Imaging orbitals with attosecond and Ångström resolutions: toward attochemistry? REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:062401. [PMID: 22790647 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/6/062401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The recently developed attosecond light sources make the investigation of ultrafast processes in matter possible with unprecedented time resolution. It has been proposed that the very mechanism underlying the attosecond emission allows the imaging of valence orbitals with Ångström space resolution. This controversial idea together with the possibility of combining attosecond and Ångström resolutions in the same measurements has become a hot topic in strong-field science. Indeed, this could provide a new way to image the evolution of the molecular electron cloud during, e.g. a chemical reaction in 'real time'. Here we review both experimental and theoretical challenges raised by the implementation of these prospects. In particular, we show how the valence orbital structure is encoded in the spectral phase of the recombination dipole moment calculated for Coulomb scattering states, which allows a tomographic reconstruction of the orbital using first-order corrections to the plane-wave approach. The possibility of disentangling multi-channel contributions to the attosecond emission is discussed as well as the necessary compromise between the temporal and spatial resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salières
- CEA-Saclay, IRAMIS, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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22
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Yang W, Song X, Chen Z. Phase-dependent above-barrier ionization of excited-state electrons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:12067-12075. [PMID: 22714193 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.012067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-dependent above-barrier ionization (ABI) has been investigated in order to probe the bound-state electron dynamics. It is found that when the system is initially prepared in the excited state, the ionization yield asymmetry between left and right sides can occur both in low-energy and high-energy parts of the photoelectron spectra. Moreover, in electron momentum map, a new interference effect along the direction perpendicular to the laser polarization is found. We show that this interference is related to the competition among different excited states. The interference effect is dependent on CEPs of few-cycle probe pulses, which can be used to trace the superposition information and control the electron wave packet of low excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Yang
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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23
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Shivaram N, Timmers H, Tong XM, Sandhu A. Attosecond-resolved evolution of a laser-dressed helium atom: interfering excitation paths and quantum phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:193002. [PMID: 23003031 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.193002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using high-order harmonic attosecond pulse trains, we investigate the photoionization dynamics and transient electronic structure of a helium atom in the presence of moderately strong (∼10(12) W cm(-2)) femtosecond laser pulses. We observe quantum interferences between photoexcitation paths from the ground state to different laser-dressed Floquet state components. As the intensity ramps on femtosecond time scales, we observe switching between ionization channels mediated by different atomic resonances. Using precision measurements of ion yields and photoelectron distributions, the quantum phase difference between interfering paths is extracted for each ionization channel and compared with simulations. Our results elucidate photoionization mechanisms in strong fields and open the doors for photoabsorption or photoionization control schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Shivaram
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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24
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Kim KT, Ko DH, Park J, Choi NN, Kim CM, Ishikawa KL, Lee J, Nam CH. Amplitude and phase reconstruction of electron wave packets for probing ultrafast photoionization dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:093001. [PMID: 22463629 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast atomic processes, such as excitation and ionization occurring on the femtosecond or shorter time scale, were explored by employing attosecond high-harmonic pulses. With the absorption of a suitable high-harmonic photon a He atom was ionized, or resonantly excited with further ionization by absorbing a number of infrared photons. The electron wave packets liberated by the two processes generated an interference containing the information on ultrafast atomic dynamics. The attosecond electron wave packet, including the phase, from the ground state was reconstructed first and, subsequently, that from the 1s3p state was retrieved by applying the holographic technique to the photoelectron spectra comprising the interference between the two ionization paths. The reconstructed electron wave packet revealed details of the ultrafast photoionization dynamics, such as the instantaneous two-photon ionization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Taec Kim
- Department of Physics and Coherent X-Ray Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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25
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The region of XRCC1 which harbours the three most common nonsynonymous polymorphic variants, is essential for the scaffolding function of XRCC1. DNA Repair (Amst) 2012; 11:357-66. [PMID: 22281126 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
XRCC1 functions as a non-enzymatic, scaffold protein in single strand break repair (SSBR) and base excision repair (BER). Here, we examine different regions of XRCC1 for their contribution to the scaffolding functions of the protein. We found that the central BRCT1 domain is essential for recruitment of XRCC1 to sites of DNA damage and DNA replication. Also, we found that ectopic expression of the region from residue 166-436 partially rescued the methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) hypersensitivity of XRCC1-deficient EM9 cells, suggesting a key role for this region in mediating DNA repair. The three most common amino acid variants of XRCC1, Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln, are located within the region comprising the NLS and BRCT1 domains, and these variants may be associated with increased incidence of specific types of cancer. While we could not detect differences in the intra-nuclear localization or the ability to support recruitment of POLβ or PNKP to micro-irradiated sites for these variants relative to the conservative protein, we did observe lower foci intensity after micro-irradiation and a reduced stability of the foci with the Arg280His and Arg399Gln variants, respectively. Furthermore, when challenged with MMS or hydrogen peroxide, we detected small but consistent differences in the repair profiles of cells expressing these two variants in comparison to the conservative protein.
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26
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Wörner HJ, Bertrand JB, Fabre B, Higuet J, Ruf H, Dubrouil A, Patchkovskii S, Spanner M, Mairesse Y, Blanchet V, Mével E, Constant E, Corkum PB, Villeneuve DM. Conical Intersection Dynamics in NO
2
Probed by Homodyne High-Harmonic Spectroscopy. Science 2011; 334:208-12. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1208664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Wörner
- Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Science, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J. B. Bertrand
- Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Science, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - B. Fabre
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, UMR5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - J. Higuet
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, UMR5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - H. Ruf
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, UMR5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - A. Dubrouil
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, UMR5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - S. Patchkovskii
- Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Science, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - M. Spanner
- Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Science, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Y. Mairesse
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, UMR5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - V. Blanchet
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (IRSAMC), UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31062 Toulouse, France and CNRS, UMR 5589, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - E. Mével
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, UMR5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - E. Constant
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, Université de Bordeaux, CEA, CNRS, UMR5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - P. B. Corkum
- Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Science, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - D. M. Villeneuve
- Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Science, National Research Council of Canada and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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27
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Klünder K, Dahlström JM, Gisselbrecht M, Fordell T, Swoboda M, Guénot D, Johnsson P, Caillat J, Mauritsson J, Maquet A, Taïeb R, L'Huillier A. Probing single-photon ionization on the attosecond time scale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:143002. [PMID: 21561188 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.143002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study photoionization of argon atoms excited by attosecond pulses using an interferometric measurement technique. We measure the difference in time delays between electrons emitted from the 3s(2) and from the 3p(6) shell, at different excitation energies ranging from 32 to 42 eV. The determination of photoemission time delays requires taking into account the measurement process, involving the interaction with a probing infrared field. This contribution can be estimated using a universal formula and is found to account for a substantial fraction of the measured delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Klünder
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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28
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Caillat J, Maquet A, Haessler S, Fabre B, Ruchon T, Salières P, Mairesse Y, Taïeb R. Attosecond resolved electron release in two-color near-threshold photoionization of N2. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:093002. [PMID: 21405620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have simulated two-color photoionization of N(2) by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with a simple model accounting for the correlated vibronic dynamics of the molecule and of the ion N(2)(+). Our results, in very good agreement with recent experiments [Haessler et al., Phys. Rev. A 80, 011404 (2009)], show how a resonance embedded in the molecular continuum dramatically affects the phases of the two-photon transition amplitudes. In addition, we introduce a formal relation between these measurable phases and the photoelectron release time, opening the way to attosecond time-resolved measurements, equivalent to double-slit experiments in the time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Caillat
- UPMC Université Paris, UMR, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, France
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29
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Plenge J, Wirsing A, Raschpichler C, Wassermann B, Rühl E. Control of coherent excitation of neon in the extreme ultraviolet regime. Faraday Discuss 2011; 153:361-73; discussion 395-413. [PMID: 22452090 DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coherent excitation of a superposition of Rydberg states in neon by the 13th harmonic of an intense 804 nm pulse and the formation of a wave packet is reported. Pump-probe experiments are performed, where the 3d-manifold of the 2p6-->2p5 (2P3/2) 3d [1/2]1- and 2p6-->2p5 (2P3/2) 3d [3/2]1-transitions are excited by an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation pulse, which is centered at 20.05 eV photon energy. The temporal evolution of the excited state population is probed by ionization with a time-delayed 804 nm pulse. Control of coherent transient excitation and wave packet dynamics in the XUV-regime is demonstrated, where the spectral phase of the 13th harmonic is used as a control parameter. Modulation of the phase is achieved by propagation of the XUV-pulse through neon of variable gas density. The experimental results indicate that phase-shaped high-order harmonics can be used to control fundamental coherent excitation processes in the XUV-regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Plenge
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Yakovlev VS, Gagnon J, Karpowicz N, Krausz F. Attosecond streaking enables the measurement of quantum phase. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:073001. [PMID: 20868037 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.073001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Attosecond streaking, as a measurement technique, was originally conceived as a means to characterize attosecond light pulses, which is a good approximation if the relevant transition matrix elements are approximately constant within the bandwidth of the light pulse. Our analysis of attosecond streaking measurements on systems with a complex response to the photoionizing pulse reveals the relation between the momentum-space wave function of the outgoing electron and the result of conventional retrieval algorithms. This finding enables the measurement of the quantum phase associated with bound-continuum transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Yakovlev
- Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Am Coulombwall 1, Germany.
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31
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Mauritsson J, Remetter T, Swoboda M, Klünder K, L'Huillier A, Schafer KJ, Ghafur O, Kelkensberg F, Siu W, Johnsson P, Vrakking MJJ, Znakovskaya I, Uphues T, Zherebtsov S, Kling MF, Lépine F, Benedetti E, Ferrari F, Sansone G, Nisoli M. Attosecond electron spectroscopy using a novel interferometric pump-probe technique. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:053001. [PMID: 20867908 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present an interferometric pump-probe technique for the characterization of attosecond electron wave packets (WPs) that uses a free WP as a reference to measure a bound WP. We demonstrate our method by exciting helium atoms using an attosecond pulse (AP) with a bandwidth centered near the ionization threshold, thus creating both a bound and a free WP simultaneously. After a variable delay, the bound WP is ionized by a few-cycle infrared laser precisely synchronized to the original AP. By measuring the delay-dependent photoelectron spectrum we obtain an interferogram that contains both quantum beats as well as multipath interference. Analysis of the interferogram allows us to determine the bound WP components with a spectral resolution much better than the inverse of the AP duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mauritsson
- Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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