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Chen H, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Han Y, Zhou Z, Yang J. Multifunctional Plasmon-Induced Transparency Devices Based on Hybrid Metamaterial-Waveguide Systems. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3273. [PMID: 36234401 PMCID: PMC9565884 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we design a multifunctional micro-nano device with a hybrid metamaterial-waveguide system, which leads to a triple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). The formation mechanisms of the three transparent peaks have their own unique characteristics. First, PIT-I can be switched into the BIC (Friedrich-Wintge bound state in continuum), and the quality factors (Q-factors) of the transparency window of PIT-I are increased during the process. Second, PIT-II comes from near-field coupling between two bright modes. Third, PIT-III is generated by the near-field coupling between a low-Q broadband bright mode and a high-Q narrowband guide mode, which also has a high-Q transparent window due to the guide mode. The triple-PIT described above can be dynamically tuned by the gate voltage of the graphene, particularly for the dynamic tuning of the Q values of PIT-I and PIT-III. Based on the high Q value of the transparent window, our proposed structure can be used for highly sensitive refractive index sensors or devices with prominent slow light effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Chen
- College of Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhaojian Zhang
- College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yunxin Han
- College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zigang Zhou
- College of Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Junbo Yang
- College of Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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2
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Krehl J, Guzzinati G, Schultz J, Potapov P, Pohl D, Martin J, Verbeeck J, Fery A, Büchner B, Lubk A. Spectral field mapping in plasmonic nanostructures with nanometer resolution. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4207. [PMID: 30310063 PMCID: PMC6181996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures and -devices are rapidly transforming light manipulation technology by allowing to modify and enhance optical fields on sub-wavelength scales. Advances in this field rely heavily on the development of new characterization methods for the fundamental nanoscale interactions. However, the direct and quantitative mapping of transient electric and magnetic fields characterizing the plasmonic coupling has been proven elusive to date. Here we demonstrate how to directly measure the inelastic momentum transfer of surface plasmon modes via the energy-loss filtered deflection of a focused electron beam in a transmission electron microscope. By scanning the beam over the sample we obtain a spatially and spectrally resolved deflection map and we further show how this deflection is related quantitatively to the spectral component of the induced electric and magnetic fields pertaining to the mode. In some regards this technique is an extension to the established differential phase contrast into the dynamic regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Krehl
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - G Guzzinati
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J Schultz
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - P Potapov
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - D Pohl
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jérôme Martin
- Institut Charles Delaunay - Laboratoire de nanotechnologies et d'instrumentation optique, UMR CNRS 6281, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10010, Troyes, France
| | - J Verbeeck
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A Fery
- IPF Dresden, Hohe Str. 3, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - B Büchner
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Lubk
- IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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3
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Zhao X, Yuan C, Zhu Y, Chen X, Zhu L. Controlling the interaction between plasmon-induced transparency and guided mode resonance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:30043-30050. [PMID: 29221039 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid metamaterial-waveguide (HMW) system, consisting of a plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) metamaterial layer deposited on top of a slab waveguide, is investigated at mid-infrared wavelengths. The proposed hybrid system supports three quasi-guided modes. Two of them are excited through the conventional pathway, i.e. directly excited from the free-space waves via the diffractive coupling, while the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation both demonstrate that the third one undergoes a completely different excitation pathway, i.e. induced by the dark plasmon mode via near field coupling. The interactions between the three quasi-guided modes and the PIT effect further lead to the interesting multi-spectral transmission characteristics that cannot be realized in traditional HMW systems. This is the first report, to our best knowledge, describing this unconventional excitation mechanism of the quasi-guided mode as well as the interaction between the quasi-guided waveguide mode and PIT effect.
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Chen K, Rajeeva BB, Wu Z, Rukavina M, Dao TD, Ishii S, Aono M, Nagao T, Zheng Y. Moiré Nanosphere Lithography. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6031-6040. [PMID: 26022616 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have developed moiré nanosphere lithography (M-NSL), which incorporates in-plane rotation between neighboring monolayers, to extend the patterning capability of conventional nanosphere lithography (NSL). NSL, which uses self-assembled layers of monodisperse micro/nanospheres as masks, is a low-cost, scalable nanofabrication technique and has been widely employed to fabricate various nanoparticle arrays. Combination with dry etching and/or angled deposition has greatly enriched the family of nanoparticles NSL can yield. In this work, we introduce a variant of this technique, which uses sequential stacking of polystyrene nanosphere monolayers to form a bilayer crystal instead of conventional spontaneous self-assembly. Sequential stacking leads to the formation of moiré patterns other than the usually observed thermodynamically stable configurations. Subsequent O2 plasma etching results in a variety of complex nanostructures. Using the etched moiré patterns as masks, we have fabricated complementary gold nanostructures and studied their optical properties. We believe this facile technique provides a strategy to fabricate complex nanostructures or metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- †National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Material Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- ‡CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Bharath Bangalore Rajeeva
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zilong Wu
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael Rukavina
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Thang Duy Dao
- †National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Material Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- ‡CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- †National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Material Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- ‡CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masakazu Aono
- †National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Material Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- ‡CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nagao
- †National Institute for Materials Science, International Center for Material Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
- ‡CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- §Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Häfele V, Trügler A, Hohenester U, Hohenau A, Leitner A, Krenn JR. Local refractive index sensitivity of gold nanodisks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:10293-10300. [PMID: 25969071 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the local refractive index sensitivity of plasmonic gold nanodisks by applying small polymer dots to selected disk sites by means of two-step lithography. Measured sensitivity profiles obtained from tracking the polymer-induced spectral shift of the plasmon modes are in excellent agreement with numerical simulation of both spectral sensitivity and the electric near field of the nanodisks. Based on the nanodisk sensitivity profile we tailor a sensitive and spatially uniform plasmonic sensor by capping the disk with a dielectric layer, thus restricting analyte access to the disk rim.
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6
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Ziashahabi A, Poursalehi R. The Effects of Surface Oxidation and Interparticle Coupling on Surface Plasmon Resonance Properties of Aluminum Nanoparticles as a UV Plasmonic Material. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mspro.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Grinblat G, Rahmani M, Cortés E, Caldarola M, Comedi D, Maier SA, Bragas AV. High-efficiency second harmonic generation from a single hybrid ZnO nanowire/Au plasmonic nano-oligomer. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6660-5. [PMID: 25347036 DOI: 10.1021/nl503332f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a plasmonic-semiconductor hybrid nanosystem, consisting of a ZnO nanowire coupled to a gold pentamer oligomer by crossing the hot-spot. It is demonstrated that the hybrid system exhibits a second harmonic (SH) conversion efficiency of ∼3 × 10(-5)%, which is among the highest values for a nanoscale object at optical frequencies reported so far. The SH intensity was found to be ∼1700 times larger than that from the same nanowire excited outside the hot-spot. Placing high nonlinear susceptibility materials precisely in plasmonic confined-field regions to enhance SH generation opens new perspectives for highly efficient light frequency up-conversion on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Grinblat
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Cuántica, Dep. de Física, FCEN-IFIBA CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Goris B, Guzzinati G, Fernández-López C, Pérez-Juste J, Liz-Marzán LM, Trügler A, Hohenester U, Verbeeck J, Bals S, Van Tendeloo G. Plasmon Mapping in Au@Ag Nanocube Assemblies. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2014; 118:15356-15362. [PMID: 25067991 PMCID: PMC4106270 DOI: 10.1021/jp502584t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon modes in metallic nanostructures largely determine their optoelectronic properties. Such plasmon modes can be manipulated by changing the morphology of the nanoparticles or by bringing plasmonic nanoparticle building blocks close to each other within organized assemblies. We report the EELS mapping of such plasmon modes in pure Ag nanocubes, Au@Ag core-shell nanocubes, and arrays of Au@Ag nanocubes. We show that these arrays enable the creation of interesting plasmonic structures starting from elementary building blocks. Special attention will be dedicated to the plasmon modes in a triangular array formed by three nanocubes. Because of hybridization, a combination of such nanotriangles is shown to provide an antenna effect, resulting in strong electrical field enhancement at the narrow gap between the nanotriangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Goris
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giulio Guzzinati
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- BioNanoPlasmonics
Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia - San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andreas Trügler
- Institut
für Physik, Karl-Franzens-Universität
Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Hohenester
- Institut
für Physik, Karl-Franzens-Universität
Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jo Verbeeck
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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9
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Aouani H, Rahmani M, Navarro-Cía M, Maier SA. Third-harmonic-upconversion enhancement from a single semiconductor nanoparticle coupled to a plasmonic antenna. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 9:290-4. [PMID: 24608232 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to convert low-energy quanta into a quantum of higher energy is of great interest for a variety of applications, including bioimaging, drug delivery and photovoltaics. Although high conversion efficiencies can be achieved using macroscopic nonlinear crystals, upconverting light at the nanometre scale remains challenging because the subwavelength scale of materials prevents the exploitation of phase-matching processes. Light-plasmon interactions that occur in nanostructured noble metals have offered alternative opportunities for nonlinear upconversion of infrared light, but conversion efficiency rates remain extremely low due to the weak penetration of the exciting fields into the metal. Here, we show that third-harmonic generation from an individual semiconductor indium tin oxide nanoparticle is significantly enhanced when coupled within a plasmonic gold dimer. The plasmonic dimer acts as a receiving optical antenna, confining the incident far-field radiation into a near field localized at its gap; the indium tin oxide nanoparticle located at the plasmonic dimer gap acts as a localized nonlinear transmitter upconverting three incident photons at frequency ω into a photon at frequency 3ω. This hybrid nanodevice provides third-harmonic-generation enhancements of up to 10(6)-fold compared with an isolated indium tin oxide nanoparticle, with an effective third-order susceptibility up to 3.5 × 10(3) nm V(-2) and conversion efficiency of 0.0007%. We also show that the upconverted third-harmonic emission can be exploited to probe the near-field intensity at the plasmonic dimer gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heykel Aouani
- 1] The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK [2]
| | - Mohsen Rahmani
- 1] The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK [2]
| | - Miguel Navarro-Cía
- Optical and Semiconductor Devices Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BT, UK
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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10
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Gjonaj B, Aulbach J, Johnson PM, Mosk AP, Kuipers L, Lagendijk A. Focusing and scanning microscopy with propagating surface plasmons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:266804. [PMID: 23848909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.266804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a novel surface plasmon polariton (SPP) microscope which is capable of imaging below the optical diffraction limit. A plasmonic lens, generated through phase-structured illumination, focuses SPPs down to their diffraction limit and scans the focus with steps as small as 10 nm. This plasmonic lens is implemented on a metallic nanostructure consisting of alternating hole array gratings and bare metal arenas. We use subwavelength scattering holes placed within the bare metal arenas to determine the resolution of our microscope. The resolution depends on the size of the scanning SPP focus. This novel technique has the potential for biomedical imaging microscopy, surface biology, and functionalization chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gjonaj
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Bendaña XM, Lozano G, Pirruccio G, Gómez Rivas J, García de Abajo FJ. Excitation of confined modes on particle arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:5636-5642. [PMID: 23482137 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.005636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe both theoretically and experimentally the existence and excitation of confined modes in planar arrays of gold nanodisks. Ordered 2D lattices of monodispersive nanoparticles are manufactured, embedded in a silica matrix, and exposed to evanescent prism-coupling illumination, leading to dark features in the reflectivity, which signal the presence of confined modes guided along the arrays. We find remarkable agreement between theory and experiment in the frequency-momentum dispersion of the resonances. Direct excitation of these modes reveals long propagation distances and deep extinction features. This combined experimental and theoretical characterization of guided modes shows a good understanding of the optical response of metallic particles arrays, which can be beneficial in future designs of optical-signal and distant-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Bendaña
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano - CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Gjonaj B, Aulbach J, Johnson PM, Mosk AP, Kuipers L, Lagendijk A. Optical control of plasmonic Bloch modes on periodic nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:546-550. [PMID: 22268886 DOI: 10.1021/nl204071e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study and actively control the coherent properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) optically excited on a nanohole array. Amplitude and phase of the optical excitation are externally controlled via a digital spatial light modulator (SLM) and SPP interference fringe patterns are designed and observed with high contrast. Our interferometric observations reveal SPPs dressed with the Bloch modes of the periodic nanostructure. The momentum associated with these dressed plasmons (DP) is highly dependent on the grating period and fully matches our theoretical predictions. We show that the momentum of DP waves can, in principle, exceed the SPP momentum. Actively controlling DP waves via programmable phase patterns offers the potential for high field confinement applicable in lithography, surface enhanced Raman scattering, and plasmonic structured illumination microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gjonaj
- FOM-Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Piliarik M, Kvasnička P, Galler N, Krenn JR, Homola J. Local refractive index sensitivity of plasmonic nanoparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:9213-9220. [PMID: 21643175 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.009213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on an experimental characterization of the sensitivity of localized surface plasmons (LSP) to local changes in the refractive index at a nanometer scale. The method is based on forming a polymer mask covering different well defined areas of metallic nanoparticles and measuring the extinction peak shifts associated with the local refractive index changes. Arrays of nanoparticles (nanorod chains) are prepared using electron beam lithography and the dielectric mask is aligned with respect to the nanoparticle array in a second lithographic step. Extinction peak shifts corresponding to different positions of the mask are measured and values for the local refractive index sensitivity are deduced. A deconvolution procedure is established and used to map the local sensitivity across the surface of nanoparticle based on measured data. The experimental results are shown to correspond well with theoretical simulations obtained using the finite-difference time-domain method. The results indicate that the sensitivity is strongly correlated with the profile of the LSP electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Piliarik
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Chaberská 57, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Zhang J, Cai L, Bai W, Song G. Hybrid waveguide-plasmon resonances in gold pillar arrays on top of a dielectric waveguide. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:3408-3410. [PMID: 20967082 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a hybrid waveguide-plasmon system consisting of gold pillar arrays on top of a dielectric waveguide. The formation of extraordinary transmissions induced by the hybrid waveguide-plasmon resonances is investigated by rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The characteristics of the hybrid resonances can be predicted by introducing the photonic crystal slab theory. Extremely narrow absorption peaks and the electromagnetically induced transparency-like optical property are demonstrated in our hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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