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Liu S, Lou Y, Chen Y, Jing J. All-Optical Optimal N-to-M Quantum Cloning of Coherent States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:060503. [PMID: 33635702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The laws of quantum mechanics forbid the perfect copying of an unknown quantum state, known as the no-cloning theorem. In spite of this, approximate cloning with imperfect fidelity is possible, which opens up the field of quantum cloning. In general, quantum cloning can be divided into discrete variable and continuous variable (CV) categories. In the CV regime, all-optical implementation of the optimal N→M quantum cloning has been proposed in two original parallel works, which involves a parametric amplifier and a set of beam splitters and thus avoids the optic-electro and electro-optic conversions in the current CV quantum cloning technologies. However, such original proposal of all-optical CV optimal N→M quantum cloning scheme has never been experimentally implemented. Here, we show that optimal N→M quantum cloning of coherent states can be realized by utilizing a parametric amplifier based on four-wave mixing process in a hot atomic vapor and a set of beam splitters. In particular, we realize 1→M, 2→M, and 4→M quantum cloning. We find that the fidelity of N→M quantum cloning increases with the decrease of clone number M and the increase of original replica number N. The best cloning fidelity achieved in our experiment is about 93.3% ±1.0% in the 4→5 case. Our results may find potential applications in realizing all-optical high-fidelity quantum state transfer and all-optical high-compatibility eavesdropping attack in quantum communication networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yanbo Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jietai Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Joint Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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2
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Bouchard F, Sit A, Zhang Y, Fickler R, Miatto FM, Yao Y, Sciarrino F, Karimi E. Two-photon interference: the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2021; 84:012402. [PMID: 33232945 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abcd7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 30 years ago, two-photon interference was observed, marking the beginning of a new quantum era. Indeed, two-photon interference has no classical analogue, giving it a distinct advantage for a range of applications. The peculiarities of quantum physics may now be used to our advantage to outperform classical computations, securely communicate information, simulate highly complex physical systems and increase the sensitivity of precise measurements. This separation from classical to quantum physics has motivated physicists to study two-particle interference for both fermionic and bosonic quantum objects. So far, two-particle interference has been observed with massive particles, among others, such as electrons and atoms, in addition to plasmons, demonstrating the extent of this effect to larger and more complex quantum systems. A wide array of novel applications to this quantum effect is to be expected in the future. This review will thus cover the progress and applications of two-photon (two-particle) interference over the last three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bouchard
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alicia Sit
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Robert Fickler
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Filippo M Miatto
- Télécom Paris, LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 19 Place Marguerite Peray, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Yuan Yao
- Télécom Paris, LTCI, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 19 Place Marguerite Peray, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Advanced Research Complex, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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3
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D'Ambrosio V, Carvacho G, Agresti I, Marrucci L, Sciarrino F. Tunable Two-Photon Quantum Interference of Structured Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:013601. [PMID: 31012655 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.013601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structured photons are nowadays an important resource in classical and quantum optics due to the richness of properties they show under propagation, focusing, and in their interaction with matter. Vectorial modes of light in particular, a class of modes where the polarization varies across the beam profile, have already been used in several areas ranging from microscopy to quantum information. One of the key ingredients needed to exploit the full potential of complex light in the quantum domain is the control of quantum interference, a crucial resource in fields like quantum communication, sensing, and metrology. Here we report a tunable Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between vectorial modes of light. We demonstrate how a properly designed spin-orbit device can be used to control quantum interference between vectorial modes of light by simply adjusting the device parameters and no need of interferometric setups. We believe our result can find applications in fundamental research and quantum technologies based on structured light by providing a new tool to control quantum interference in a compact, efficient, and robust way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D'Ambrosio
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Carvacho
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Iris Agresti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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4
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Erhard M, Fickler R, Krenn M, Zeilinger A. Twisted photons: new quantum perspectives in high dimensions. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17146. [PMID: 30839541 PMCID: PMC6060046 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Twisted photons can be used as alphabets to encode information beyond one bit per single photon. This ability offers great potential for quantum information tasks, as well as for the investigation of fundamental questions. In this review article, we give a brief overview of the theoretical differences between qubits and higher dimensional systems, qudits, in different quantum information scenarios. We then describe recent experimental developments in this field over the past three years. Finally, we summarize some important experimental and theoretical questions that might be beneficial to understand better in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Erhard
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science & Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Robert Fickler
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mario Krenn
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science & Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Anton Zeilinger
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science & Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria
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5
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Wang FX, Wu J, Chen W, Yin ZQ, Wang S, Guo GC, Han ZF. Controlled-phase manipulation module for orbital-angular-momentum photon states. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:349-352. [PMID: 29328278 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phase manipulation is essential to quantum information processing, for which the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photon is a promising high-dimensional resource. Dove prism (DP) is one of the most important elements to realize the nondestructive phase manipulation of OAM photons. DP usually changes the polarization of light and thus increases the manipulation error for a spin-OAM hybrid state. DP in a Sagnac interferometer also introduces a mode-dependent global phase to the OAM mode. In this work, we implemented a high-dimensional controlled-phase manipulation module (PMM), which can compensate the mode-dependent global phase and thus preserve the phase in the spin-OAM hybrid superposition state. The PMM is stable for free running and is suitable to realize the high-dimensional controlled-phase gate for spin-OAM hybrid states. Considering the Sagnac-based structure, the PMM is also suitable for classical communication with the spin-OAM hybrid light field.
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Krenn M, Malik M, Erhard M, Zeilinger A. Orbital angular momentum of photons and the entanglement of Laguerre-Gaussian modes. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20150442. [PMID: 28069773 PMCID: PMC5247486 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The identification of orbital angular momentum (OAM) as a fundamental property of a beam of light nearly 25 years ago has led to an extensive body of research around this topic. The possibility that single photons can carry OAM has made this degree of freedom an ideal candidate for the investigation of complex quantum phenomena and their applications. Research in this direction has ranged from experiments on complex forms of quantum entanglement to the interaction between light and quantum states of matter. Furthermore, the use of OAM in quantum information has generated a lot of excitement, as it allows for encoding large amounts of information on a single photon. Here, we explain the intuition that led to the first quantum experiment with OAM 15 years ago. We continue by reviewing some key experiments investigating fundamental questions on photonic OAM and the first steps to applying these properties in novel quantum protocols. At the end, we identify several interesting open questions that could form the subject of future investigations with OAM.This article is part of the themed issue 'Optical orbital angular momentum'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Krenn
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mehul Malik
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Erhard
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Zeilinger
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Bouchard F, Fickler R, Boyd RW, Karimi E. High-dimensional quantum cloning and applications to quantum hacking. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601915. [PMID: 28168219 PMCID: PMC5291699 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Attempts at cloning a quantum system result in the introduction of imperfections in the state of the copies. This is a consequence of the no-cloning theorem, which is a fundamental law of quantum physics and the backbone of security for quantum communications. Although perfect copies are prohibited, a quantum state may be copied with maximal accuracy via various optimal cloning schemes. Optimal quantum cloning, which lies at the border of the physical limit imposed by the no-signaling theorem and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, has been experimentally realized for low-dimensional photonic states. However, an increase in the dimensionality of quantum systems is greatly beneficial to quantum computation and communication protocols. Nonetheless, no experimental demonstration of optimal cloning machines has hitherto been shown for high-dimensional quantum systems. We perform optimal cloning of high-dimensional photonic states by means of the symmetrization method. We show the universality of our technique by conducting cloning of numerous arbitrary input states and fully characterize our cloning machine by performing quantum state tomography on cloned photons. In addition, a cloning attack on a Bennett and Brassard (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol is experimentally demonstrated to reveal the robustness of high-dimensional states in quantum cryptography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bouchard
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Robert Fickler
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Robert W. Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, 45137-66731 Zanjan, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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8
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De Assis PL, Carvalho MAD, Berruezo LP, Ferraz J, Pádua S. Generation of two pairs of qudits using four photons and a single degree of freedom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:30149-30163. [PMID: 28059292 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.030149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Qudits, d-level quantum systems, have been shown to provide a better resource for quantum key distribution and other Quantum Information protocols. It is customary to generate photonic qudits using more than one degree of freedom of the same photon. In much the same way, multi-qubit states are generated using only a pair of photons and ingenious ways to manipulate more than one degree of freedom independently. In contrast to such costly implementations in terms of quantum resources, we present the controlled generation of two copies of two-qudit states using four photons and a single degree of freedom, transverse momentum. The degree of entanglement within each pair was inferred by exploiting the availability of two copies of the same state, without the need of a full tomographic reconstruction of the states, and both highly-entangled and separable states were generated. We show theoretically that the set of states obtainable using our setup is very diverse, ranging from maximally entangled states of qudits to separable states.
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9
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Yang Y, Chiribella G, Hayashi M. Optimal Compression for Identically Prepared Qubit States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:090502. [PMID: 27610836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We establish the ultimate limits to the compression of sequences of identically prepared qubits. The limits are determined by Holevo's information quantity and are attained through use of the optimal universal cloning machine, which finds here a novel application to quantum Shannon theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yang
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Giulio Chiribella
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, CIFAR Program in Quantum Information Science, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Masahito Hayashi
- Graduate School of Mathematics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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10
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Photonic Programmable Tele-Cloning Network. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28903. [PMID: 27353838 PMCID: PMC4926117 DOI: 10.1038/srep28903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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11
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Zhang Y, Roux FS, Konrad T, Agnew M, Leach J, Forbes A. Engineering two-photon high-dimensional states through quantum interference. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501165. [PMID: 26933685 PMCID: PMC4771439 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many protocols in quantum science, for example, linear optical quantum computing, require access to large-scale entangled quantum states. Such systems can be realized through many-particle qubits, but this approach often suffers from scalability problems. An alternative strategy is to consider a lesser number of particles that exist in high-dimensional states. The spatial modes of light are one such candidate that provides access to high-dimensional quantum states, and thus they increase the storage and processing potential of quantum information systems. We demonstrate the controlled engineering of two-photon high-dimensional states entangled in their orbital angular momentum through Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. We prepare a large range of high-dimensional entangled states and implement precise quantum state filtering. We characterize the full quantum state before and after the filter, and are thus able to determine that only the antisymmetric component of the initial state remains. This work paves the way for high-dimensional processing and communication of multiphoton quantum states, for example, in teleportation beyond qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Zhang
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Filippus S. Roux
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) National Laser Centre, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Thomas Konrad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Megan Agnew
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science (IPaQS), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jonathan Leach
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Science (IPaQS), Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Andrew Forbes
- School of Physics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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D'Ambrosio V, Cardano F, Karimi E, Nagali E, Santamato E, Marrucci L, Sciarrino F. Test of mutually unbiased bases for six-dimensional photonic quantum systems. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2726. [PMID: 24067548 PMCID: PMC3782886 DOI: 10.1038/srep02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In quantum information, complementarity of quantum mechanical observables plays a key role. The eigenstates of two complementary observables form a pair of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs). More generally, a set of MUBs consists of bases that are all pairwise unbiased. Except for specific dimensions of the Hilbert space, the maximal sets of MUBs are unknown in general. Even for a dimension as low as six, the identification of a maximal set of MUBs remains an open problem, although there is strong numerical evidence that no more than three simultaneous MUBs do exist. Here, by exploiting a newly developed holographic technique, we implement and test different sets of three MUBs for a single photon six-dimensional quantum state (a "qusix"), encoded exploiting polarization and orbital angular momentum of photons. A close agreement is observed between theory and experiments. Our results can find applications in state tomography, quantitative wave-particle duality, quantum key distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filippo Cardano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ebrahim Karimi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Current address: Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Eleonora Nagali
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Enrico Santamato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, Napoli
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 00185, Italy
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13
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Complete experimental toolbox for alignment-free quantum communication. Nat Commun 2012; 3:961. [PMID: 22805568 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum communication employs the counter-intuitive features of quantum physics for tasks that are impossible in the classical world. It is crucial for testing the foundations of quantum theory and promises to revolutionize information and communication technologies. However, to execute even the simplest quantum transmission, one must establish, and maintain, a shared reference frame. This introduces a considerable overhead in resources, particularly if the parties are in motion or rotating relative to each other. Here we experimentally show how to circumvent this problem with the transmission of quantum information encoded in rotationally invariant states of single photons. By developing a complete toolbox for the efficient encoding and decoding of quantum information in such photonic qubits, we demonstrate the feasibility of alignment-free quantum key-distribution, and perform proof-of-principle demonstrations of alignment-free entanglement distribution and Bell-inequality violation. The scheme should find applications in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and satellite-based quantum communication.
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14
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Karimi E, Marrucci L, de Lisio C, Santamato E. Time-division multiplexing of the orbital angular momentum of light. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:127-129. [PMID: 22854442 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an optical setup for generating a sequence of light pulses in which the orbital angular momentum (OAM) degree of freedom is correlated with the temporal one. The setup is based on a single q plate within a ring optical resonator. By this approach, we demonstrate the generation of a train of pulses carrying increasing values of OAM, or, alternatively, of a controlled temporal sequence of pulses having prescribed OAM superposition states. Finally, we exhibit an "OAM-to-time conversion" apparatus that divides different input OAM states into different time bins. The latter application provides a simple approach to digital spiral spectroscopy of pulsed light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Karimi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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15
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D'Ambrosio V, Nagali E, Monken CH, Slussarenko S, Marrucci L, Sciarrino F. Deterministic qubit transfer between orbital and spin angular momentum of single photons. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:172-174. [PMID: 22854457 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work we experimentally implement a deterministic transfer of a generic qubit initially encoded in the orbital angular momentum of a single-photon to its polarization. Such a transfer of quantum information, which is completely reversible, has been implemented adopting an electrically tunable q-plate device and a Sagnac interferometer with a Dove prism. The adopted scheme exhibits high fidelity and low losses.
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16
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Integrated photonic quantum gates for polarization qubits. Nat Commun 2011; 2:566. [PMID: 22127062 PMCID: PMC3482629 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to manipulate quantum states of light by integrated devices may open new perspectives both for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and for novel technological applications. However, the technology for handling polarization-encoded qubits, the most commonly adopted approach, is still missing in quantum optical circuits. Here we demonstrate the first integrated photonic controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate for polarization-encoded qubits. This result has been enabled by the integration, based on femtosecond laser waveguide writing, of partially polarizing beam splitters on a glass chip. We characterize the logical truth table of the quantum gate demonstrating its high fidelity to the expected one. In addition, we show the ability of this gate to transform separable states into entangled ones and vice versa. Finally, the full accessibility of our device is exploited to carry out a complete characterization of the CNOT gate through a quantum process tomography. As quantum information processing continues to develop apace, the need for integrated photonic devices becomes ever greater for both fundamental measurements and technological applications. To this end, Crespi et al. demonstrate a high-fidelity photonic controlled-NOT gate on a glass chip.
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17
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Slussarenko S, D'Ambrosio V, Piccirillo B, Marrucci L, Santamato E. The polarizing Sagnac interferometer: a tool for light orbital angular momentum sorting and spin-orbit photon processing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:27205-27216. [PMID: 21196998 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.027205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we show that an optical setup based on a polarizing Sagnac interferometer combined with a Dove prism can be used as a convenient general-purpose tool for the generation, detection and sorting of spin-orbit states of light. This device can work both in the classical and in the quantum single-photon regime, provides higher sorting efficiency and extinction ratio than usual hologram-fiber combinations, and shows much higher stability and ease of alignment than Mach-Zehnder interferometer setups. To demonstrate the full potential of this setup, we also report some demonstrative experiments of several possible applications of this setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Slussarenko
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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