1
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Li D, Radhakrishnan R, Akopian N. Location Qubits in a Multiple-Quantum-Dot System. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5656-5661. [PMID: 38657275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A physical platform for nodes of the envisioned quantum Internet is long-sought. Here we propose such a platform, along with a conceptually simple and experimentally uncomplicated quantum information processing scheme, realized in a system of multiple crystal-phase quantum dots. We introduce novel location qubits, describe a method to construct a universal set of all-optical quantum gates, and simulate their performance in realistic structures, including decoherence sources. Our results show that location qubits are robust against the main decoherence mechanisms, and realistic single-qubit gate fidelities exceed 99.9%. Our scheme paves a clear way toward constructing multiqubit solid-state quantum registers with a built-in photonic interface─a key building block of the forthcoming quantum Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Li
- DTU Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads Building 343, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rohan Radhakrishnan
- DTU Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads Building 343, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nika Akopian
- DTU Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads Building 343, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Butler EP, Fux GE, Ortega-Taberner C, Lovett BW, Keeling J, Eastham PR. Optimizing Performance of Quantum Operations with Non-Markovian Decoherence: The Tortoise or the Hare? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:060401. [PMID: 38394576 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between a quantum system and its environment limits our ability to control it and perform quantum operations on it. We present an efficient method to find optimal controls for quantum systems coupled to non-Markovian environments, by using the process tensor to compute the gradient of an objective function. We consider state transfer for a driven two-level system coupled to a bosonic environment, and characterize performance in terms of speed and fidelity. This allows us to determine the best achievable fidelity as a function of process duration. We show there can be a trade-off between speed and fidelity, and that slower processes can have higher fidelity by exploiting non-Markovian effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P Butler
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Quantum Alliance, Unit 16, Trinity Technology and Enterprise Centre, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gerald E Fux
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
- Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlos Ortega-Taberner
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Quantum Alliance, Unit 16, Trinity Technology and Enterprise Centre, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendon W Lovett
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Keeling
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Eastham
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity Quantum Alliance, Unit 16, Trinity Technology and Enterprise Centre, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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3
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Boos K, Kim SK, Bracht T, Sbresny F, Kaspari JM, Cygorek M, Riedl H, Bopp FW, Rauhaus W, Calcagno C, Finley JJ, Reiter DE, Müller K. Signatures of Dynamically Dressed States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:053602. [PMID: 38364136 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.053602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The interaction of a resonant light field with a quantum two-level system is of key interest both for fundamental quantum optics and quantum technological applications employing resonant excitation. While emission under resonant continuous-wave excitation has been well studied, the more complex emission spectrum of dynamically dressed states-a quantum two-level system driven by resonant pulsed excitation-has so far been investigated in detail only theoretically. Here, we present the first experimental observation of the complete resonance fluorescence emission spectrum of a single quantum two-level system, in the form of an excitonic transition in a semiconductor quantum dot, driven by finite Gaussian pulses. We observe multiple emerging sidebands as predicted by theory, with an increase of their number and spectral detuning with excitation pulse intensity and a dependence of their spectral shape and intensity on the pulse length. Detuning-dependent measurements provide additional insights into the emission features. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical calculations of the emission spectra, corroborating our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Boos
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Bracht
- Condensed Matter Theory, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Friedrich Sbresny
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jan M Kaspari
- Condensed Matter Theory, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Moritz Cygorek
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Hubert Riedl
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Natural Sciences, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Frederik W Bopp
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Natural Sciences, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - William Rauhaus
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Carolin Calcagno
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Natural Sciences, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Doris E Reiter
- Condensed Matter Theory, TU Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Koong ZX, Cygorek M, Scerri E, Santana TS, Park SI, Song JD, Gauger EM, Gerardot BD. Coherence in cooperative photon emission from indistinguishable quantum emitters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8171. [PMID: 35302855 PMCID: PMC8932659 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photon-mediated interactions between atoms can arise via coupling to a common electromagnetic mode or by quantum interference. Here, we probe the role of coherence in cooperative emission arising from two distant but indistinguishable solid-state emitters because of path erasure. The primary signature of cooperative emission, the emergence of "bunching" at zero delay in an intensity correlation experiment, is used to characterize the indistinguishability of the emitters, their dephasing, and the degree of correlation in the joint system that can be coherently controlled. In a stark departure from a pair of uncorrelated emitters, in Hong-Ou-Mandel-type interference measurements, we observe photon statistics from a pair of indistinguishable emitters resembling that of a weak coherent state from an attenuated laser. Our experiments establish techniques to control and characterize cooperative behavior between matter qubits using the full quantum optics toolbox, a key step toward realizing large-scale quantum photonic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xian Koong
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Moritz Cygorek
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Eleanor Scerri
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Ted S. Santana
- Centro de Cîencias Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andrè, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Suk In Park
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Dong Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Erik M. Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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5
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Sbresny F, Hanschke L, Schöll E, Rauhaus W, Scaparra B, Boos K, Zubizarreta Casalengua E, Riedl H, Del Valle E, Finley JJ, Jöns KD, Müller K. Stimulated Generation of Indistinguishable Single Photons from a Quantum Ladder System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:093603. [PMID: 35302816 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for the generation of highly indistinguishable single photons using semiconductor quantum dots and demonstrate its performance and potential. The scheme is based on the resonant two-photon excitation of the biexciton followed by stimulation of the biexciton to selectively prepare an exciton. Quantum-optical simulations and experiments are in good agreement and show that the scheme provides significant advantages over previously demonstrated excitation methods. The two-photon excitation of the biexciton suppresses re-excitation and enables ultralow multiphoton errors, while the precisely timed stimulation pulse results in very low timing jitter of the photons, and consequently, high indistinguishability. In addition, the polarization of the stimulation pulse allows us to deterministically program the polarization of the emitted photon (H or V). This ensures that all emission of interest occurs in the polarization of the detection channel, resulting in higher brightness than cross-polarized resonant excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Sbresny
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lukas Hanschke
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eva Schöll
- Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP) and Department of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - William Rauhaus
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bianca Scaparra
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Katarina Boos
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Eduardo Zubizarreta Casalengua
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hubert Riedl
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Elena Del Valle
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jöns
- Institute for Photonic Quantum Systems (PhoQS), Center for Optoelectronics and Photonics Paderborn (CeOPP) and Department of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and MCQST, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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6
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Yan J, Liu S, Lin X, Ye Y, Yu J, Wang L, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Meng Y, Hu X, Wang DW, Jin C, Liu F. Double-Pulse Generation of Indistinguishable Single Photons with Optically Controlled Polarization. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1483-1490. [PMID: 35148112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources play a key role in photonic quantum technologies. Semiconductor quantum dots can emit indistinguishable single photons under resonant excitation. However, the resonance fluorescence technique typically requires cross-polarization filtering, which causes a loss of the unpolarized quantum dot emission by 50%. To solve this problem, we demonstrate a method for generating indistinguishable single photons with optically controlled polarization by two laser pulses off-resonant with neutral exciton states. This scheme is realized by exciting the quantum dot to the biexciton state and subsequently driving the quantum dot to an exciton eigenstate. By combining with a magnetic field, we demonstrated the generation of photons with optically controlled polarization (the degree of polarization is 101(2)%), laser-neutral exciton detuning up to 0.81 meV, high single-photon purity (99.6(1)%), and indistinguishability (85(4)%). Laser pulses can be blocked using polarization and spectral filtering. Our work makes an important step toward indistinguishable single-photon sources with near-unity collection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Yan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shunfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Yongzheng Ye
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiawang Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Lingfang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong 264025, China
| | - Yun Meng
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chaoyuan Jin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
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7
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Abstract
In a radiative Auger process, optical decay leaves other carriers in excited states, resulting in weak red-shifted satellite peaks in the emission spectrum. The appearance of radiative Auger in the emission directly leads to the question if the process can be inverted: simultaneous photon absorption and electronic demotion. However, excitation of the radiative Auger transition has not been shown, neither on atoms nor on solid-state quantum emitters. Here, we demonstrate the optical driving of the radiative Auger transition, linking few-body Coulomb interactions and quantum optics. We perform our experiments on a trion in a semiconductor quantum dot, where the radiative Auger and the fundamental transition form a Λ-system. On driving both transitions simultaneously, we observe a reduction of the fluorescence signal by up to 70%. Our results suggest the possibility of turning resonance fluorescence on and off using radiative Auger as well as THz spectroscopy with optics close to the visible regime. Radiative Auger is a process that leads to a red-shift of the optical emission of an atom or a charged solid-state quantum emitter. Here, the authors realize the inverse process by optically driving the radiative Auger transition of a short-lived electronic state in a semiconductor quantum dot.
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8
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Fux GE, Butler EP, Eastham PR, Lovett BW, Keeling J. Efficient Exploration of Hamiltonian Parameter Space for Optimal Control of Non-Markovian Open Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:200401. [PMID: 34110219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.200401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a general method to efficiently design optimal control sequences for non-Markovian open quantum systems, and illustrate it by optimizing the shape of a laser pulse to prepare a quantum dot in a specific state. The optimization of control procedures for quantum systems with strong coupling to structured environments-where time-local descriptions fail-is a computationally challenging task. We modify the numerically exact time evolving matrix product operator (TEMPO) method, such that it allows the repeated computation of the time evolution of the reduced system density matrix for various sets of control parameters at very low computational cost. This method is potentially useful for studying numerous optimal control problems, in particular in solid state quantum devices where the coupling to vibrational modes is typically strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald E Fux
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin P Butler
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Paul R Eastham
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendon W Lovett
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Keeling
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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9
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Koong ZX, Scerri E, Rambach M, Cygorek M, Brotons-Gisbert M, Picard R, Ma Y, Park SI, Song JD, Gauger EM, Gerardot BD. Coherent Dynamics in Quantum Emitters under Dichromatic Excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:047403. [PMID: 33576652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.047403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the coherent dynamics of a two-level quantum emitter driven by a pair of symmetrically detuned phase-locked pulses. The promise of dichromatic excitation is to spectrally isolate the excitation laser from the quantum emission, enabling background-free photon extraction from the emitter. While excitation is not possible without spectral overlap between the exciting pulse and the quantum emitter transition for ideal two-level systems due to cancellation of the accumulated pulse area, we find that any additional interactions that interfere with cancellation of the accumulated pulse area may lead to a finite stationary population inversion. Our spectroscopic results of a solid-state two-level system show that, while coupling to lattice vibrations helps to improve the inversion efficiency up to 50% under symmetric driving, coherent population control and a larger amount of inversion are possible using asymmetric dichromatic excitation, which we achieve by adjusting the ratio of the intensities between the red- and blue-detuned pulses. Our measured results, supported by simulations using a real-time path-integral method, offer a new perspective toward realizing efficient, background-free photon generation and extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Koong
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - E Scerri
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - M Rambach
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - M Cygorek
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - M Brotons-Gisbert
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - R Picard
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Y Ma
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - S I Park
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - J D Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - E M Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - B D Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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10
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Ramachandran A, Wilbur GR, O'Neal S, Deppe DG, Hall KC. Suppression of decoherence tied to electron-phonon coupling in telecom-compatible quantum dots: low-threshold reappearance regime for quantum state inversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6498-6501. [PMID: 33258845 DOI: 10.1364/ol.403590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate suppression of dephasing tied to deformation potential coupling of confined electrons to longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons in optical control experiments on large semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with emission compatible with the low-dispersion telecommunications band at 1.3 µm. By exploiting the sensitivity of the electron-phonon spectral density to the size and shape of the QD, we demonstrate a fourfold reduction in the threshold pulse area required to enter the decoupled regime for exciton inversion using adiabatic rapid passage (ARP). Our calculations of the quantum state dynamics indicate that the symmetry of the QD wave function provides an additional means to engineer the electron-phonon interaction. Our findings will support the development of solid-state quantum emitters in future distributed quantum networks using semiconductor QDs.
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11
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Phillips CL, Brash AJ, McCutcheon DPS, Iles-Smith J, Clarke E, Royall B, Skolnick MS, Fox AM, Nazir A. Photon Statistics of Filtered Resonance Fluorescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:043603. [PMID: 32794814 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.043603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spectral filtering of resonance fluorescence is widely employed to improve single photon purity and indistinguishability by removing unwanted backgrounds. For filter bandwidths approaching the emitter linewidth, complex behavior is predicted due to preferential transmission of components with differing photon statistics. We probe this regime using a Purcell-enhanced quantum dot in both weak and strong excitation limits, finding excellent agreement with an extended sensor theory model. By changing only the filter width, the photon statistics can be transformed between antibunched, bunched, or Poissonian. Our results verify that strong antibunching and a subnatural linewidth cannot simultaneously be observed, providing new insight into the nature of coherent scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Phillips
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Dara P S McCutcheon
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street Building, Manchester M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Mark Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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12
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Hahn T, Wigger D, Kuhn T. Entropy Dynamics of Phonon Quantum States Generated by Optical Excitation of a Two-Level System. ENTROPY 2020; 22:e22030286. [PMID: 33286060 PMCID: PMC7516742 DOI: 10.3390/e22030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In quantum physics, two prototypical model systems stand out due to their wide range of applications. These are the two-level system (TLS) and the harmonic oscillator. The former is often an ideal model for confined charge or spin systems and the latter for lattice vibrations, i.e., phonons. Here, we couple these two systems, which leads to numerous fascinating physical phenomena. Practically, we consider different optical excitations and decay scenarios of a TLS, focusing on the generated dynamics of a single phonon mode that couples to the TLS. Special emphasis is placed on the entropy of the different parts of the system, predominantly the phonons. While, without any decay, the entire system is always in a pure state, resulting in a vanishing entropy, the complex interplay between the single parts results in non-vanishing respective entanglement entropies and non-trivial dynamics of them. Taking a decay of the TLS into account leads to a non-vanishing entropy of the full system and additional aspects in its dynamics. We demonstrate that all aspects of the entropy’s behavior can be traced back to the purity of the states and are illustrated by phonon Wigner functions in phase space.
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13
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Vibrational enhancement of quadrature squeezing and phase sensitivity in resonance fluorescence. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3034. [PMID: 31292447 PMCID: PMC6620290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational environments are commonly considered to be detrimental to the optical emission properties of solid-state and molecular systems, limiting their performance within quantum information protocols. Given that such environments arise naturally it is important to ask whether they can instead be turned to our advantage. Here we show that vibrational interactions can be harnessed within resonance fluorescence to generate optical states with a higher degree of quadrature squeezing than in isolated atomic systems. Considering the example of a driven quantum dot coupled to phonons, we demonstrate that it is feasible to surpass the maximum level of squeezing theoretically obtainable in an isolated atomic system and indeed come close to saturating the fundamental upper bound on squeezing from a two-level emitter. We analyse the performance of these vibrationally-enhanced squeezed states in a phase estimation protocol, finding that for the same photon flux, they can outperform the single mode squeezed vacuum state. Vibrational interactions are usually considered an obstacle to the creation and manipulation of quantum states; looking at the paradigmatic example of a driven quantum dot, the authors show how they could actually help to engineer optical states that are impossible to reach in the perfectly isolated case.
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14
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Koong ZX, Scerri D, Rambach M, Santana TS, Park SI, Song JD, Gauger EM, Gerardot BD. Fundamental Limits to Coherent Photon Generation with Solid-State Atomlike Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:167402. [PMID: 31702372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.167402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent generation of indistinguishable single photons is crucial for many quantum communication and processing protocols. Solid-state realizations of two-level atomic transitions or three-level spin-Λ systems offer significant advantages over their atomic counterparts for this purpose, albeit decoherence can arise due to environmental couplings. One popular approach to mitigate dephasing is to operate in the weak-excitation limit, where the excited-state population is minimal and coherently scattered photons dominate over incoherent emission. Here we probe the coherence of photons produced using two-level and spin-Λ solid-state systems. We observe that the coupling of the atomiclike transitions to the vibronic transitions of the crystal lattice is independent of the driving strength, even for detuned excitation using the spin-Λ configuration. We apply a polaron master equation to capture the non-Markovian dynamics of the vibrational manifolds. These results provide insight into the fundamental limitations to photon coherence from solid-state quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Koong
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - D Scerri
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - M Rambach
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - T S Santana
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - S I Park
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - J D Song
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - E M Gauger
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - B D Gerardot
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom
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15
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Seidelmann T, Ungar F, Barth AM, Vagov A, Axt VM, Cygorek M, Kuhn T. Phonon-Induced Enhancement of Photon Entanglement in Quantum Dot-Cavity Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:137401. [PMID: 31697541 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on simulations of the degree of polarization entanglement of photon pairs simultaneously emitted from a quantum dot-cavity system that demand revisiting the role of phonons. Since coherence is a fundamental precondition for entanglement and phonons are known to be a major source of decoherence, it seems unavoidable that phonons can only degrade entanglement. In contrast, we demonstrate that phonons can cause a degree of entanglement that even surpasses the corresponding value for the phonon-free case. In particular, we consider the situation of comparatively small biexciton binding energies and either finite exciton or cavity mode splitting. In both cases, combinations of the splitting and the dot-cavity coupling strength are found where the entanglement exhibits a nonmonotonic temperature dependence which enables entanglement above the phonon-free level in a finite parameter range. This unusual behavior can be explained by phonon-induced renormalizations of the dot-cavity coupling g in combination with a nonmonotonic dependence of the entanglement on g that is present already without phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Seidelmann
- Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik III, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F Ungar
- Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik III, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A M Barth
- Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik III, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Vagov
- Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik III, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - V M Axt
- Universität Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Physik III, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Cygorek
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - T Kuhn
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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16
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Yunusova KM, Konstantinov D, Bouchiat H, Chepelianskii AD. Coupling between Rydberg States and Landau Levels of Electrons Trapped on Liquid Helium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:176802. [PMID: 31107091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.176802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the coupling between Rydberg states of electrons trapped on a liquid helium surface and Landau levels induced by a perpendicular magnetic field. We show that this realizes a prototype quantum system equivalent to an atom in a cavity, where their coupling strength can be tuned by a parallel magnetic field. We determine experimentally the renormalization of the atomic transition energies induced by the coupling to the cavity, which can be seen as an analog of the Lamb shift. When the coupling is sufficiently strong, the transition between the ground and first excited Rydberg states splits into two resonances corresponding to dressed states with vacuum and one photon in the cavity. Our results are in quantitative agreement with the energy shifts predicted by the effective atom in a cavity model where all parameters are known with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Yunusova
- LPS, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - D Konstantinov
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0412, Japan
| | - H Bouchiat
- LPS, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay, France
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bande
- Institute of Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Liu F, Brash AJ, O'Hara J, Martins LMPP, Phillips CL, Coles RJ, Royall B, Clarke E, Bentham C, Prtljaga N, Itskevich IE, Wilson LR, Skolnick MS, Fox AM. High Purcell factor generation of indistinguishable on-chip single photons. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:835-840. [PMID: 30013218 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On-chip single-photon sources are key components for integrated photonic quantum technologies. Semiconductor quantum dots can exhibit near-ideal single-photon emission, but this can be significantly degraded in on-chip geometries owing to nearby etched surfaces. A long-proposed solution to improve the indistinguishablility is to use the Purcell effect to reduce the radiative lifetime. However, until now only modest Purcell enhancements have been observed. Here we use pulsed resonant excitation to eliminate slow relaxation paths, revealing a highly Purcell-shortened radiative lifetime (22.7 ps) in a waveguide-coupled quantum dot-photonic crystal cavity system. This leads to near-lifetime-limited single-photon emission that retains high indistinguishablility (93.9%) on a timescale in which 20 photons may be emitted. Nearly background-free pulsed resonance fluorescence is achieved under π-pulse excitation, enabling demonstration of an on-chip, on-demand single-photon source with very high potential repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- JARA-Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alistair J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - John O'Hara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Luis M P P Martins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Rikki J Coles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Benjamin Royall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Edmund Clarke
- EPSRC National Epitaxy Facility, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Nikola Prtljaga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Gooch & Housego (Torquay), Torquay, UK
| | - Igor E Itskevich
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Luke R Wilson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - A Mark Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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19
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Sowa JK, Mol JA, Briggs GAD, Gauger EM. Environment-assisted quantum transport through single-molecule junctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:29534-29539. [PMID: 29082390 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule electronics has been envisioned as the ultimate goal in the miniaturisation of electronic circuits. While the aim of incorporating single-molecule junctions into modern technology still proves elusive, recent developments in this field have begun to enable experimental investigation of fundamental concepts within the area of chemical physics. One such phenomenon is the concept of environment-assisted quantum transport which has emerged from the investigation of exciton transport in photosynthetic complexes. Here, we study charge transport through a two-site molecular junction coupled to a vibrational environment. We demonstrate that vibrational interactions can significantly enhance the current through specific molecular orbitals. Our study offers a clear pathway towards finding and identifying environment-assisted transport phenomena in charge transport settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub K Sowa
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK.
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20
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Nahri DG, Mathkoor FHA, Raymond Ooi CH. Real-time path-integral approach for dissipative quantum dot-cavity quantum electrodynamics: impure dephasing-induced effects. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:055701. [PMID: 27966466 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/29/5/055701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A dissipative quantum dot (QD)-cavity system, where the QD is initially prepared in the excited state with no photon in the cavity, coupled to a longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonon reservoir is studied using a numerically exact real-time path-integral approach. Three distinct dynamical regimes of weak (WC), strong (SC), and coherent coupling (CC) are discussed and more accurate conditions identifying them are presented. Our results show that to have the CC regime, which is characterized by clear vacuum Rabi oscillation (VRO), vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) should be larger than the sum of the widths of the corresponding peaks. In order to distinguish between contributions of population decay and impure dephasing, induced by LA phonon bath and the dissipations, we propose a two-part phenomenological expression, corresponding to the population decay and impure dephasing, which fits the QD-cavity decay curves perfectly and is used to calculate the corresponding spectra. We demonstrate that the effective population decay rate (the emission rate) increases from the carrier recombination rate to a maximum value, which is the mean of the QD and cavity dissipation rates, with QD-cavity coupling strength. To study the role of the effective impure dephasing rate on the width of the central peak of the spectra we introduce a quantity that can also be applied in determining the distinct coupling regimes. This quantity enables us to identify the onset of the SC regime as the point where the impure dephasing term begins to contribute to the central band of the spectrum significantly, as a result of the existence of VRO with a very small frequency (unclear VRO) at the corresponding decay curve. Its contribution to the width of the central peak increases with the coupling strength up to the onset of the CC regime, then reduces as a result of the appearance of sidebands in the spectra, which originates from clear VRO. The effective population decay and impure dephasing rate contribute solely to the width-of the central and sideband peaks of the triplet spectra respectively-only beyond a very large coupling strength which is the same across the considered temperature range. For higher temperatures, the maximum achievable emission rate can be obtained at larger coupling strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud G Nahri
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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When do perturbative approaches accurately capture the dynamics of complex quantum systems? Sci Rep 2016; 6:28204. [PMID: 27335176 PMCID: PMC4917862 DOI: 10.1038/srep28204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of higher-dimensional quantum systems embedded in a complex environment remains a significant theoretical challenge. While several approaches yielding numerically converged solutions exist, these are computationally expensive and often provide only limited physical insight. Here we address the question: when do more intuitive and simpler-to-compute second-order perturbative approaches provide adequate accuracy? We develop a simple analytical criterion and verify its validity for the case of the much-studied FMO dynamics as well as the canonical spin-boson model.
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22
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Sun KW, Fujihashi Y, Ishizaki A, Zhao Y. A variational master equation approach to quantum dynamics with off-diagonal coupling in a sub-Ohmic environment. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:204106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4950888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Yuta Fujihashi
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishizaki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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23
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Wang H, Duan ZC, Li YH, Chen S, Li JP, He YM, Chen MC, He Y, Ding X, Peng CZ, Schneider C, Kamp M, Höfling S, Lu CY, Pan JW. Near-Transform-Limited Single Photons from an Efficient Solid-State Quantum Emitter. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:213601. [PMID: 27284656 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By pulsed s-shell resonant excitation of a single quantum dot-micropillar system, we generate long streams of 1000 near-transform-limited single photons with high mutual indistinguishability. The Hong-Ou-Mandel interference of two photons is measured as a function of their emission time separation varying from 13 ns to 14.7 μs, where the visibility slightly drops from 95.9(2)% to a plateau of 92.1(5)% through a slow dephasing process occurring at a time scale of 0.7 μs. A temporal and spectral analysis reveals the pulsed resonance fluorescence single photons are close to the transform limit, which are readily useful for multiphoton entanglement and interferometry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Z-C Duan
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Y-H Li
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Si Chen
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - J-P Li
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Y-M He
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Instität and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
| | - M-C Chen
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu He
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - X Ding
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Peng
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Instität and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kamp
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Instität and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Instität and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universitat Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wüzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
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24
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Complete Coherent Control of a Quantum Dot Strongly Coupled to a Nanocavity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25172. [PMID: 27112420 PMCID: PMC4845032 DOI: 10.1038/srep25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongly coupled quantum dot-cavity systems provide a non-linear configuration of hybridized light-matter states with promising quantum-optical applications. Here, we investigate the coherent interaction between strong laser pulses and quantum dot-cavity polaritons. Resonant excitation of polaritonic states and their interaction with phonons allow us to observe coherent Rabi oscillations and Ramsey fringes. Furthermore, we demonstrate complete coherent control of a quantum dot-photonic crystal cavity based quantum-bit. By controlling the excitation power and phase in a two-pulse excitation scheme we achieve access to the full Bloch sphere. Quantum-optical simulations are in good agreement with our experiments and provide insight into the decoherence mechanisms.
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25
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Mermillod Q, Jakubczyk T, Delmonte V, Delga A, Peinke E, Gérard JM, Claudon J, Kasprzak J. Harvesting, Coupling, and Control of Single-Exciton Coherences in Photonic Waveguide Antennas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:163903. [PMID: 27152807 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.163903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We perform coherent nonlinear spectroscopy of individual excitons strongly confined in single InAs quantum dots (QDs). The retrieval of their intrinsically weak four-wave mixing (FWM) response is enabled by a one-dimensional dielectric waveguide antenna. Compared to a similar QD embedded in bulk media, the FWM detection sensitivity is enhanced by up to 4 orders of magnitude, over a broad operation bandwidth. Three-beam FWM is employed to investigate coherence and population dynamics within individual QD transitions. We retrieve their homogenous dephasing in a presence of low-frequency spectral wandering. Two-dimensional FWM reveals off-resonant Förster coupling between a pair of distinct QDs embedded in the antenna. We also detect a higher order QD nonlinearity (six-wave mixing) and use it to coherently control the FWM transient. Waveguide antennas enable us to conceive multicolor coherent manipulation schemes of individual emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Mermillod
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut Néel, "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T Jakubczyk
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut Néel, "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - V Delmonte
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut Néel, "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A Delga
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E Peinke
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J-M Gérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Claudon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CEA, INAC-PHELIQS, "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Kasprzak
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut Néel, "Nanophysique et semiconducteurs" group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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26
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Nazir A, McCutcheon DPS. Modelling exciton-phonon interactions in optically driven quantum dots. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:103002. [PMID: 26882465 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/10/103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We provide a self-contained review of master equation approaches to modelling phonon effects in optically driven self-assembled quantum dots. Coupling of the (quasi) two-level excitonic system to phonons leads to dissipation and dephasing, the rates of which depend on the excitation conditions, intrinsic properties of the QD sample, and its temperature. We describe several techniques, which include weak-coupling master equations that are perturbative in the exciton-phonon coupling, as well as those based on the polaron transformation that can remain valid for strong phonon interactions. We additionally consider the role of phonons in altering the optical emission characteristics of quantum dot devices, outlining how we must modify standard quantum optics treatments to account for the presence of the solid-state environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Nazir
- Photon Science Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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27
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Altaisky MV, Zolnikova NN, Kaputkina NE, Krylov VA, Lozovik YE, Dattani NS. Decoherence and Entanglement Simulation in a Model of Quantum Neural Network Based on Quantum Dots. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201610802006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Unsleber S, Schneider C, Maier S, He YM, Gerhardt S, Lu CY, Pan JW, Kamp M, Höfling S. Deterministic generation of bright single resonance fluorescence photons from a Purcell-enhanced quantum dot-micropillar system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:32977-32985. [PMID: 26831965 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.032977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the observation of bright emission of single photons under pulsed resonance fluorescence conditions from a single quantum dot (QD) in a micropillar cavity. The brightness of the QD fluorescence is greatly enhanced via the coupling to the fundamental mode of a micropillar, allowing us to determine a single photon extraction efficiency of (20.7 ± 0.8) % per linear polarization basis. This yields an overall extraction efficiency of (41.4 ± 1.5) % in our device. We observe the first Rabi-oscillation in a weakly coupled quantum dot-micropillar system under coherent pulsed optical excitation, which enables us to deterministically populate the excited QD state. In this configuration, we probe the single photon statistics of the device yielding g(2)(0) = 0.072 ± 0.011 at a QD-cavity detuning of 75 μeV.
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Transform-limited single photons from a single quantum dot. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8204. [PMID: 26348157 PMCID: PMC4569856 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a quantum photonics network requires a source of very-high-fidelity single photons. An outstanding challenge is to produce a transform-limited single-photon emitter to guarantee that single photons emitted far apart in the time domain are truly indistinguishable. This is particularly difficult in the solid-state as the complex environment is the source of noise over a wide bandwidth. A quantum dot is a robust, fast, bright and narrow-linewidth emitter of single photons; layer-by-layer growth and subsequent nano-fabrication allow the electronic and photonic states to be engineered. This represents a set of features not shared by any other emitter but transform-limited linewidths have been elusive. Here, we report transform-limited linewidths measured on second timescales, primarily on the neutral exciton but also on the charged exciton close to saturation. The key feature is control of the nuclear spins, which dominate the exciton dephasing via the Overhauser field. Photons emitted from a quantum dot typically have slightly different frequencies owing to various sources of noise. Here, the authors suppress the noise, notably the noise arising from the nuclear spins, and demonstrate single-photon emission with a transform-limited optical linewidth.
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Roy-Choudhury K, Hughes S. Theory of phonon-modified quantum dot photoluminescence intensity in structured photonic reservoirs. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1838-1841. [PMID: 25872087 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The spontaneous emission rate of a quantum dot coupled to a structured photonic reservoir is determined by the frequency dependence of its local density of photon states. Through phonon-dressing, a breakdown of Fermi's golden rule can occur for certain photonic structures whose photon decay time becomes comparable to the longitudinal acoustic phonon decay times. We present a polaron master equation model to calculate the photoluminescence intensity from a coherently excited quantum dot coupled to a structured photonic reservoir. We consider examples of a semiconductor microcavity and a coupled cavity waveguide, and show clear photoluminescence intensity spectral features that contain unique signatures of the interplay between phonon and photon bath coupling.
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Quilter JH, Brash AJ, Liu F, Glässl M, Barth AM, Axt VM, Ramsay AJ, Skolnick MS, Fox AM. Phonon-assisted population inversion of a single InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot by pulsed laser excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:137401. [PMID: 25884136 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a new method to realize the population inversion of a single InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot excited by a laser pulse tuned within the neutral exciton phonon sideband. In contrast to the conventional method of inverting a two-level system by performing coherent Rabi oscillation, the inversion is achieved by rapid thermalization of the optically dressed states via incoherent phonon-assisted relaxation. A maximum exciton population of 0.67±0.06 is measured for a laser tuned 0.83 meV to higher energy. Furthermore, the phonon sideband is mapped using a two-color pump-probe technique, with its spectral form and magnitude in very good agreement with the result of path-integral calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Quilter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A J Brash
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - F Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - M Glässl
- Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A M Barth
- Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - V M Axt
- Institut für Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A J Ramsay
- Hitachi Cambridge Laboratory, Hitachi Europe Ltd., Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - A M Fox
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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Wei YJ, He YM, Chen MC, Hu YN, He Y, Wu D, Schneider C, Kamp M, Höfling S, Lu CY, Pan JW. Deterministic and robust generation of single photons from a single quantum dot with 99.5% indistinguishability using adiabatic rapid passage. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6515-9. [PMID: 25357153 DOI: 10.1021/nl503081n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Single photons are attractive candidates of quantum bits (qubits) for quantum computation and are the best messengers in quantum networks. Future scalable, fault-tolerant photonic quantum technologies demand both stringently high levels of photon indistinguishability and generation efficiency. Here, we demonstrate deterministic and robust generation of pulsed resonance fluorescence single photons from a single semiconductor quantum dot using adiabatic rapid passage, a method robust against fluctuation of driving pulse area and dipole moments of solid-state emitters. The emitted photons are background-free, have a vanishing two-photon emission probability of 0.3% and a raw (corrected) two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility of 97.9% (99.5%), reaching a precision that places single photons at the threshold for fault-tolerant surface-code quantum computing. This single-photon source can be readily scaled up to multiphoton entanglement and used for quantum metrology, boson sampling, and linear optical quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Reiter DE, Kuhn T, Glässl M, Axt VM. The role of phonons for exciton and biexciton generation in an optically driven quantum dot. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:423203. [PMID: 25273644 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/42/423203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
For many applications of semiconductor quantum dots in quantum technology, well-controlled state preparation of the quantum dot states is mandatory. Since quantum dots are embedded in the semiconductor matrix, their interaction with phonons often plays a major role in the preparation process. In this review, we discuss the influence of phonons on three basically different optical excitation schemes that can be used for the preparation of exciton, biexciton and superposition states: a resonant excitation leading to Rabi rotations in the excitonic system, an excitation with chirped pulses exploiting the effect of adiabatic rapid passage and an off-resonant excitation giving rise to a phonon-assisted state preparation. We give an overview of experimental and theoretical results, showing the role of phonons and compare the performance of the schemes for state preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Reiter
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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34
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Wigger D, Lüker S, Reiter DE, Axt VM, Machnikowski P, Kuhn T. Energy transport and coherence properties of acoustic phonons generated by optical excitation of a quantum dot. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:355802. [PMID: 25115958 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/35/355802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The energy transport of acoustic phonons generated by the optical excitation of a quantum dot as well as the coherence properties of these phonons are studied theoretically both for the case of a pulsed excitation and for a continuous wave (CW) excitation switched on instantaneously. For a pulsed excitation, depending on pulse area and pulse duration, a finite number of phonon wave packets is emitted, while for the case of a CW excitation a sequence of wave packets with decreasing amplitude is generated after the excitation has been switched on. We show that the energy flow associated with the generated phonons is partly related to coherent phonon oscillations and partly to incoherent phonon emission. The efficiency of the energy transfer to the phonons and the details of the energy flow depend strongly and in a non-monotonic way on the Rabi frequency exhibiting a resonance behavior. However, in the case of CW excitation it turns out that the total energy transferred to the phonons is directly linked in a monotonic way to the Rabi frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wigger
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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35
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Wei YJ, He Y, He YM, Lu CY, Pan JW, Schneider C, Kamp M, Höfling S, McCutcheon DPS, Nazir A. Temperature-dependent Mollow triplet spectra from a single quantum dot: Rabi frequency renormalization and sideband linewidth insensitivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:097401. [PMID: 25216004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.097401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate temperature-dependent resonance fluorescence spectra obtained from a single self-assembled quantum dot. A decrease of the Mollow triplet sideband splitting is observed with increasing temperature, an effect we attribute to a phonon-induced renormalization of the driven dot Rabi frequency. We also present first evidence for a nonperturbative regime of phonon coupling, in which the expected linear increase in sideband linewidth as a function of temperature is canceled by the corresponding reduction in Rabi frequency. These results indicate that dephasing in semiconductor quantum dots may be less sensitive to changes in temperature than expected from a standard weak-coupling analysis of phonon effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, & CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, & CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, & CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, & CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, & CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Christian Schneider
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kamp
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, Saint Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom; Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany; and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dara P S McCutcheon
- Department of Photonics Engineering, DTU Fotonik, Ørsteds Plads, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark and Departamento de Física, FCEyN, UBA and IFIBA, Conicet, Pabellón 1, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- Photon Science Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom and Controlled Quantum Dynamics Theory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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36
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Gramich V, Gasparinetti S, Solinas P, Ankerhold J. Lamb-shift enhancement and detection in strongly driven superconducting circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:027001. [PMID: 25062221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.027001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that strong driving of a quantum system substantially enhances the Lamb shift induced by broadband reservoirs, which are typical for solid-state devices. By varying drive parameters the impact of environmental vacuum fluctuations with continuous spectral distribution onto system observables can be tuned in a distinctive way. This provides experimentally feasible measurement schemes for the Lamb shift in superconducting circuits based on Cooper pair boxes, where it can be detected either in shifted dressed transition frequencies or in pumped charge currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Gramich
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany and Low Temperature Laboratory (OVLL), Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Simone Gasparinetti
- Low Temperature Laboratory (OVLL), Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Paolo Solinas
- Low Temperature Laboratory (OVLL), Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland and SPIN-CNR, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Joachim Ankerhold
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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37
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Shabani A, Roden J, Whaley KB. Continuous measurement of a non-Markovian open quantum system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:113601. [PMID: 24702367 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Continuous quantum measurement is the backbone of various methods in quantum control, quantum metrology, and quantum information. Here, we present a generalized formulation of dispersive measurement of a complex quantum systems. We describe the complex system as an open quantum system that is strongly coupled to a non-Markovian environment, enabling the treatment of a broad variety of natural or engineered complex systems. The system is monitored via a probe resonator coupled to a broadband (Markovian) reservoir. Based on this model, we derive a formalism of stochastic hierarchy equations of motion describing the decoherence dynamics of the system conditioned on the measurement record. Furthermore, we demonstrate a spectroscopy method based on weak quantum measurement to reveal the non-Markovian nature of the environment, which we term weak spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shabani
- Berkeley Center for Quantum Information and Computation, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Roden
- Berkeley Center for Quantum Information and Computation, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K B Whaley
- Berkeley Center for Quantum Information and Computation, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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38
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Holmes M, Kako S, Choi K, Podemski P, Arita M, Arakawa Y. Measurement of an exciton Rabi rotation in a single GaN/Al(x)Ga(1-x)N nanowire-quantum dot using photoluminescence spectroscopy: evidence for coherent control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:057401. [PMID: 23952442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Experimental observation of excited state exciton Rabi rotation in a single GaN quantum dot is presented. The dot is embedded in a site-controlled GaN/AlGaN nanowire. Damped oscillation is observed in the power-dependent spectra of the quantum-dot ground state upon resonant pumping of an excited state that had been identified by photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. A discussion on the origins of the damping is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Holmes
- Institute for Nano Quantum Information Electronics, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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39
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Monniello L, Tonin C, Hostein R, Lemaitre A, Martinez A, Voliotis V, Grousson R. Excitation-induced dephasing in a resonantly driven InAs/GaAs quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:026403. [PMID: 23889424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.026403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on coherent emission of the neutral exciton state in a single semiconductor self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot embedded in a one-dimensional waveguide, under resonant picosecond pulsed excitation. Direct measurements of the radiative lifetime and coherence time are performed as a function of excitation power and temperature. The characteristic damping of Rabi oscillations observed is attributed to an excitation-induced dephasing due to a resonant coupling between the emitter and the acoustic phonon bath of the matrix. Other sources responsible for the decrease of the coherence time have been evidenced, in particular an enhancement of the radiative recombination rate due to the resonant strong coupling between the dot and the one-dimensional optical mode. As a consequence, the emission couples very efficiently into the waveguide mode, leading to an additional relaxation term of the excited-state population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonard Monniello
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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40
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McCutcheon DPS, Nazir A. Model of the optical emission of a driven semiconductor quantum dot: phonon-enhanced coherent scattering and off-resonant sideband narrowing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:217401. [PMID: 23745930 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the crucial role played by the solid-state environment in determining the photon emission characteristics of a driven quantum dot. For resonant driving, we predict a phonon enhancement of the coherently emitted radiation field with increasing driving strength, in stark contrast to the conventional expectation of a rapidly decreasing fraction of coherent emission with stronger driving. This surprising behavior results from thermalization of the dot with respect to the phonon bath and leads to a nonstandard regime of resonance fluorescence in which significant coherent scattering and the Mollow triplet coexist. Off resonance, we show that despite the phonon influence, narrowing of dot spectral sideband widths can occur in certain regimes, consistent with an experimental trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara P S McCutcheon
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, UBA and IFIBA, Conicet, Pabellón I, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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41
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Nissen F, Fink JM, Mlynek JA, Wallraff A, Keeling J. Collective suppression of linewidths in circuit QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:203602. [PMID: 25167408 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental observation and a theoretical explanation of collective suppression of linewidths for multiple superconducting qubits coupled to a good cavity. This demonstrates how strong qubit-cavity coupling can significantly modify the dephasing and dissipation processes that might be expected for individual qubits, and can potentially improve coherence times in many-body circuit QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Nissen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes M Fink
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas A Mlynek
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonathan Keeling
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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Assunção MO, de Oliveira EJR, Villas-Bôas JM, Souza FM. Thermal effects on photon-induced quantum transport in a single quantum dot. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:135301. [PMID: 23462318 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/13/135301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate laser induced quantum transport in a single quantum dot attached to electrical contacts. Our approach, based on a nonequilibrium Green function technique, allows us to include thermal effects on the photon-induced quantum transport and excitonic dynamics, enabling the study of non-Markovian effects. By solving a set of coupled integrodifferential equations, involving correlation and propagator functions, we obtain the photocurrent and the dot occupation as a function of time. Two distinct sources of decoherence, namely, incoherent tunneling and thermal fluctuations, are observed in the Rabi oscillations. As temperature increases, a thermally activated Pauli blockade results in a suppression of these oscillations. Additionally, the interplay between photon and thermally induced electron populations results in a switch of the current sign as time evolves and its stationary value can be maximized by tuning the laser intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Assunção
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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He YM, He Y, Wei YJ, Wu D, Atatüre M, Schneider C, Höfling S, Kamp M, Lu CY, Pan JW. On-demand semiconductor single-photon source with near-unity indistinguishability. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:213-217. [PMID: 23377455 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots offer distinct advantages for quantum information, including a scalable solid-state platform, ultrabrightness and interconnectivity with matter qubits. A key prerequisite for their use in optical quantum computing and solid-state networks is a high level of efficiency and indistinguishability. Pulsed resonance fluorescence has been anticipated as the optimum condition for the deterministic generation of high-quality photons with vanishing effects of dephasing. Here, we generate pulsed single photons on demand from a single, microcavity-embedded quantum dot under s-shell excitation with 3 ps laser pulses. The π pulse-excited resonance-fluorescence photons have less than 0.3% background contribution and a vanishing two-photon emission probability. Non-postselective Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two successively emitted photons is observed with a visibility of 0.97(2), comparable to trapped atoms and ions. Two single photons are further used to implement a high-fidelity quantum controlled-NOT gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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44
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Lee CK, Cao J, Gong J. Noncanonical statistics of a spin-boson model: theory and exact Monte Carlo simulations. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:021109. [PMID: 23005725 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.021109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium canonical distribution in statistical mechanics assumes weak system-bath coupling (SBC). In real physical situations this assumption can be invalid, and equilibrium quantum statistics of the system may be noncanonical. By exploiting both polaron transformation and perturbation theory in a spin-boson model, an analytical treatment is advocated to study noncanonical statistics of a two-level system at arbitrary temperature and for arbitrary SBC strength, yielding theoretical results in agreement with exact Monte Carlo simulations. In particular, the eigen-representation of system's reduced density matrix is used to quantify noncanonical statistics as well as the quantumness of the open system. For example, it is found that irrespective of SBC strength, noncanonical statistics enhances as temperature decreases but vanishes at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Kong Lee
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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45
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Godden TM, Quilter JH, Ramsay AJ, Wu Y, Brereton P, Boyle SJ, Luxmoore IJ, Puebla-Nunez J, Fox AM, Skolnick MS. Coherent optical control of the spin of a single hole in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:017402. [PMID: 22304289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.017402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate coherent optical control of a single hole spin confined to an InAs/GaAs quantum dot. A superposition of hole-spin states is created by fast (10-100 ps) dissociation of a spin-polarized electron-hole pair. Full control of the hole spin is achieved by combining coherent rotations about two axes: Larmor precession of the hole spin about an external Voigt geometry magnetic field, and rotation about the optical axis due to the geometric phase shift induced by a picosecond laser pulse resonant with the hole-trion transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Godden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
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Moelbjerg A, Kaer P, Lorke M, Mørk J. Resonance fluorescence from semiconductor quantum dots: beyond the Mollow triplet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:017401. [PMID: 22304288 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We show that the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a quantum dot excited by a strong optical pulse contains multiple peaks beyond those of the Mollow triplet. We show that as the area of the optical pulse is increased, new side peaks split off the central peak and shift in frequency. A simple analytical theory has been derived, which quantitatively accounts for the appearance and position of the peaks. This theory explains the physics responsible for the multiple peaks. By considering the time-dependent spectrum we demonstrate a time ordering of the side peaks, which is further evidence for the suggested physical explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Moelbjerg
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 343, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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McCutcheon DPS, Nazir A. Consistent treatment of coherent and incoherent energy transfer dynamics using a variational master equation. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:114501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3636081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Ulrich SM, Ates S, Reitzenstein S, Löffler A, Forchel A, Michler P. Dephasing of triplet-sideband optical emission of a resonantly driven InAs/GaAs quantum dot inside a microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:247402. [PMID: 21770597 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.247402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Detailed properties of resonance fluorescence from a single quantum dot in a micropillar cavity are investigated, with particular focus on emission coherence in the dependence on optical driving field power and detuning. A power-dependent series over a wide range reveals characteristic Mollow triplet spectra with large Rabi splittings of |Ω|≤15 GHz. In particular, the effect of dephasing in terms of systematic spectral broadening ∝Ω(2) of the Mollow sidebands is observed as a strong fingerprint of excitation-induced dephasing. Our results are in excellent agreement with predictions of a recently presented model on phonon-dressed quantum dot Mollow triplet emission in the cavity-QED regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ulrich
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen Research Center SCoPE, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Roy C, Hughes S. Phonon-dressed Mollow triplet in the regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics: excitation-induced dephasing and nonperturbative cavity feeding effects. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:247403. [PMID: 21770598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.247403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the resonance fluorescence spectra of a driven quantum dot placed inside a high-Q semiconductor cavity and interacting with an acoustic phonon bath. The dynamics is calculated using a time-convolutionless master equation in the polaron frame. We predict pronounced spectral broadening of the Mollow sidebands through off-resonant cavity emission which, for small cavity-coupling rates, increases quadratically with the Rabi frequency in direct agreement with recent experiments using semiconductor micropillars [S. M. Ulrich et al., preceding Letter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 247402 (2011)]. We also demonstrate that, surprisingly, phonon coupling actually helps resolve signatures of the elusive second rungs of the Jaynes-Cummings ladder states via off-resonant cavity feeding. Both multiphonon and multiphoton effects are shown to play a qualitatively important role on the fluorescence spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roy
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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