1
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Bayerbach MJ, D'Aurelio SE, van Loock P, Barz S. Bell-state measurement exceeding 50% success probability with linear optics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4080. [PMID: 37556537 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Bell-state projections serve as a fundamental basis for most quantum communication and computing protocols today. However, with current Bell-state measurement schemes based on linear optics, only two of four Bell states can be identified, which means that the maximum success probability of this vital step cannot exceed 50%. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a scheme that amends the original measurement with additional modes in the form of ancillary photons, which leads to a more complex measurement pattern, and ultimately a higher success probability of 62.5%. Experimentally, we achieve a success probability of (57.9 ± 1.4)%, a substantial improvement over the conventional scheme. With the possibility of extending the protocol to a larger number of ancillary photons, our work paves the way toward more efficient realizations of quantum technologies based on Bell-state measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias J Bayerbach
- Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Simone E D'Aurelio
- Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter van Loock
- Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Institute of Physics, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Barz
- Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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2
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Somhorst FHB, van der Meer R, Correa Anguita M, Schadow R, Snijders HJ, de Goede M, Kassenberg B, Venderbosch P, Taballione C, Epping JP, van den Vlekkert HH, Timmerhuis J, Bulmer JFF, Lugani J, Walmsley IA, Pinkse PWH, Eisert J, Walk N, Renema JJ. Quantum simulation of thermodynamics in an integrated quantum photonic processor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3895. [PMID: 37393275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the core questions of quantum physics is how to reconcile the unitary evolution of quantum states, which is information-preserving and time-reversible, with evolution following the second law of thermodynamics, which, in general, is neither. The resolution to this paradox is to recognize that global unitary evolution of a multi-partite quantum state causes the state of local subsystems to evolve towards maximum-entropy states. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate this effect in linear quantum optics by simultaneously showing the convergence of local quantum states to a generalized Gibbs ensemble constituting a maximum-entropy state under precisely controlled conditions, while introducing an efficient certification method to demonstrate that the state retains global purity. Our quantum states are manipulated by a programmable integrated quantum photonic processor, which simulates arbitrary non-interacting Hamiltonians, demonstrating the universality of this phenomenon. Our results show the potential of photonic devices for quantum simulations involving non-Gaussian states.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H B Somhorst
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R van der Meer
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M Correa Anguita
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R Schadow
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - H J Snijders
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M de Goede
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - B Kassenberg
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P Venderbosch
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - C Taballione
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J P Epping
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Timmerhuis
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J F F Bulmer
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Lugani
- Center for Sensors, Instrumentation and Cyber Physical System Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - I A Walmsley
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd., London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - P W H Pinkse
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - N Walk
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J J Renema
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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3
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Golestani A, Davis AOC, Sośnicki F, Mikołajczyk M, Treps N, Karpiński M. Electro-Optic Fourier Transform Chronometry of Pulsed Quantum Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123605. [PMID: 36179203 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The power spectrum of an optical field can be acquired without a spectrally resolving detector by means of Fourier-transform spectrometry, based on measuring the temporal autocorrelation of the optical field. Analogously, we here perform temporal envelope measurements of ultrashort optical pulses without time resolved detection. We introduce the technique of Fourier transform chronometry, where the temporal envelope is acquired by measuring the frequency autocorrelation of the optical field in a linear interferometer. We apply our technique, which is the time-frequency conjugate measurement to Fourier-transform spectrometry, to experimentally measure the pulse envelope of classical and single-photon light pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Golestani
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Alex O C Davis
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Filip Sośnicki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michał Mikołajczyk
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Nicolas Treps
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Michał Karpiński
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
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4
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Di Domenico G, Pearl S, Karnieli A, Trajtenberg-Mills S, Juwiler I, Eisenberg HS, Arie A. Direct generation of high brightness path entangled N00N states using structured crystals and shaped pump beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21535-21543. [PMID: 36224871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.451641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical N00N states are N-photon path entangled states with important applications in quantum metrology. However, their use was limited till now owing to the difficulties of generating them in an efficient and robust manner. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate two new simple, compact and robust schemes to generate path entangled N00N states with N = 2 that emerge directly from the nonlinear interaction. The first scheme is based on shaping the pump beam, and the second scheme is based on modulating the nonlinear coefficient of the crystal. These new methods exhibit high coincidence count rates for the detection of a N00N state, reaching record value of 2 × 105 coincidences per second. We observe super-resolution by measuring the second order correlation on the generated N = 2 state in an interferometric setup, showing the distinct fringe periodicity at half of the optical wavelength. Our findings may pave the way towards scalable and efficient sources for super-resolved quantum metrology applications and for the generation of bright squeezed vacuum states.
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5
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Larson W, Courtney TL, Keyser C. Spectrally pure photons generated in a quasi-phase matched xenon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:5739-5757. [PMID: 35209530 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally pure photons heralded from unentangled photon pair sources are crucial for any quantum optical system reliant on the multiplexing of heralded photons from independent sources. Generation of unentangled photon pairs in gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers specifically remains an attractive architecture for integration into quantum-optical fiber networks. The dispersion design offered by selection of fiber microstructures and gas pressure allows considerable control over the group-velocity profile which dictates the wavelengths of photon pairs that can be generated without spectral entanglement. Here, we expand on this design flexibility, which has previously been implemented for four-wave mixing, by modeling the use of a static, periodically poled electric field to achieve an effective quasi-phase-matched three-wave mixing nonlinearity that creates spontaneous parametric downconversion. Electric-field-induced quasi-phase-matched spontaneous parametric downconversion enables control of phase matching conditions that is independent of the group velocity, allowing phase matching at arbitrary wavelengths without affecting the entanglement of photons at those wavelengths. This decoupling of entanglement engineering and phase matching facilitates spectrally pure photon pair generation with efficiency and wavelength-tunability that is otherwise unprecedented.
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6
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Tsujimoto Y, Wakui K, Fujiwara M, Sasaki M, Takeoka M. Ultra-fast Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry via temporal filtering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:37150-37160. [PMID: 34808793 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heralded single photons (HSPs) generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are useful resource to achieve various photonic quantum information processing. Given a large-scale experiment which needs multiple HSPs, increasing the generation rate with suppressing higher-order pair creation is desirable. One of the promising ways is to use a pump laser with a GHz-order repetition rate. In such a high repetition rate regime, however, single-photon detectors can only partially identify the pulses. Hence, we develop a simple model to consider that effect on the spectral purity, and experimentally demonstrate a high-visibility Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between two independent HSPs generated by SPDC with 3.2 GHz-repetition-rate mode-locked pump pulses. The observed visibility of 0.88(3) is in good agreement with our theoretical model.
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7
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Observation of frequency-uncorrelated photon pairs generated by counter-propagating spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12628. [PMID: 34135400 PMCID: PMC8209226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the generation of frequency-uncorrelated photon pairs from counter-propagating spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a periodically-poled KTP waveguide. The joint spectral intensity of photon pairs is characterized by measuring the corresponding stimulated process, namely, the difference frequency generation process. The experimental result shows a clear uncorrelated joint spectrum, where the backward-propagating photon has a narrow bandwidth of 7.46 GHz and the forward-propagating one has a bandwidth of 0.23 THz like the pump light. The heralded single-photon purity estimated through Schmidt decomposition is as high as 0.996, showing a perspective for ultra-purity and narrow-band single-photon generation. Such unique feature results from the backward-wave quasi-phase-matching condition and does not has a strict limitation on the material and working wavelength, thus fascinating its application in photonic quantum technologies.
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8
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Anwar A, Perumangatt C, Steinlechner F, Jennewein T, Ling A. Entangled photon-pair sources based on three-wave mixing in bulk crystals. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:041101. [PMID: 34243479 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photon pairs are a critical resource in quantum communication protocols ranging from quantum key distribution to teleportation. The current workhorse technique for producing photon pairs is via spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) in bulk nonlinear crystals. The increased prominence of quantum networks has led to a growing interest in deployable high performance entangled photon-pair sources. This manuscript provides a review of the state-of-the-art bulk-optics-based SPDC sources with continuous wave pump and discusses some of the main considerations when building for deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Anwar
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, S117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chithrabhanu Perumangatt
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, S117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Steinlechner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Jennewein
- Institute of Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander Ling
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, S117543 Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Kaneda F, Oikawa J, Yabuno M, China F, Miki S, Terai H, Mitsumori Y, Edamatsu K. Spectral characterization of photon-pair sources via classical sum-frequency generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:38993-39004. [PMID: 33379457 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring spectral properties of photon pairs is of great importance for optical quantum information and measurement applications. High-resolution spectral measurement is a key technique for engineering spectral properties of photons, making them ideal for various quantum applications. Here we demonstrate spectral measurements and optimization of frequency-entangled photon pairs produced via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC), utilizing frequency-resolved sum-frequency generation (SFG), the reverse process of SPDC. A joint phase-matching spectrum of a nonlinear crystal around 1580 nm is captured with a 40 pm resolution and a > 40 dB signal-to-noise ratio, which is significantly improved compared to traditional frequency-resolved coincidence measurements. Moreover, our scheme is applicable to collinear degenerate sources whose characterization is difficult with previously demonstrated stimulated difference frequency generation (DFG). We also illustrate that the observed phase-matching function is useful for finding an optimal pump spectrum to maximize the spectral indistinguishability of SPDC photons. We expect that our precise spectral characterization technique will be useful tool for characterizing and tailoring SPDC sources for a wide range of optical quantum applications.
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10
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Jin R, Cai W, Ding C, Mei F, Deng G, Shimizu R, Zhou Q. Spectrally uncorrelated biphotons generated from “the family of BBO crystal”. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/que2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui‐Bo Jin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern RecognitionWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics DevicesInstitute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University Taiyuan China
| | - Wu‐Hao Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern RecognitionWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chunling Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern RecognitionWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics DevicesInstitute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University Taiyuan China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme OpticsShanxi University Taiyuan China
| | - Guang‐Wei Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences and School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum InformationUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | | | - Qiang Zhou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences and School of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum InformationUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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11
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Xu ZH, Li YH, Zhou ZY, Liu SL, Li Y, Liu SK, Yang C, Guo GC, Shi BS. High-quality versatile photonic sources for multiple quantum optical experiments. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5077-5084. [PMID: 32121736 DOI: 10.1364/oe.386189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Entangled sources are important components for quantum information science and technology (QIST). The ability to generate high-quality entangled sources will determine the extent of progress in this field. Unlike previous schemes, a thin quasi-phase matching nonlinear crystal and a dense-wave-division-multiplexing device are used here to build high-quality versatile photonic sources with a simple configuration that can be used to perform Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, time-energy entanglement and multi-channel polarization entanglement experiments. The measurement results from various quantum optical experiments show the high quality of these photonic sources. These multi-functional photonic sources will be very useful in a variety of QIST applications.
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12
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Su J, Cui L, Li J, Liu Y, Li X, Ou ZY. Versatile and precise quantum state engineering by using nonlinear interferometers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20479-20492. [PMID: 31510141 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The availability of photon states with well-defined temporal modes is crucial for photonic quantum technologies. Ever since the inception of generating photonic quantum states through pulse pumped spontaneous parametric processes, many exquisite efforts have been put on improving the modal purity of the photon states to achieve single-mode operation. However, because the nonlinear interaction and linear dispersion are often mixed in parametric processes, limited successes have been achieved so far only at some specific wavelengths with sophisticated design. In this paper, we resort to a different approach by exploiting an active filtering mechanism originated from interference fringe of nonlinear interferometer. The nonlinear interferometer is realized in a sequential array of nonlinear medium, with a gap in between made of a linear dispersive medium, in which the precise modal control is realized without influencing the phase matching of the parametric process. As a proof-of-principle demonstration of the capability, we present a photon pairs source using a two-stage nonlinear interferometer formed by two identical nonlinear fibers with a standard single mode fiber in between. The results show that spectrally correlated two-photon state via four wave mixing in a single piece nonlinear fiber is modified into factorable state and heralded single-photons with high modal purity and high heralding efficiency are achievable. This novel quantum interferometric method, which can improve the quality of the photon states in almost all the aspects such as modal purity, heralding efficiency, and flexibility in wavelength selection, is proved to be effective and easy to realize.
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13
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Kaneda F, Suzuki H, Shimizu R, Edamatsu K. Direct generation of frequency-bin entangled photons via two-period quasi-phase-matched parametric downconversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1416-1424. [PMID: 30696207 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple scheme for direct generation of frequency-bin entangled photon pairs via spontaneous parametric downconversion. Our fabricated nonlinear optical crystal with two different poling periods can simultaneously satisfy two different, spectrally symmetric nondegenerate quasi-phase-matching conditions, enabling the direct generation of entanglement in two discrete frequency-bin modes. Our produced photon pairs exhibited Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with high-visibility beating oscillations- a signature of two-mode frequency-bin entanglement. Moreover, we demonstrate deterministic entanglement-mode conversion from frequency-bin to polarization modes, with which our source can be more versatile for various quantum applications. Our scheme can be extended to direct generation of high-dimensional frequency-bin entanglement, and thus will be a key technology for frequency-multiplexed optical quantum information processing.
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14
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Meyer-Scott E, Prasannan N, Eigner C, Quiring V, Donohue JM, Barkhofen S, Silberhorn C. High-performance source of spectrally pure, polarization entangled photon pairs based on hybrid integrated-bulk optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:32475-32490. [PMID: 30645414 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.032475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photon pair sources based on bulk optics are approaching optimal design and implementation, with high state fidelities, spectral purities and heralding efficiencies, but generally low brightness. Integrated entanglement sources, while providing higher brightness and low-power operation, often sacrifice performance in output state quality and coupling efficiency. Here we present a polarization-entangled pair source based on a hybrid approach of waveguiding and bulk optics, addressing every metric simultaneously. We show 96 % fidelity to the singlet state, 82 % Hong-Ou-Mandel interference visibility, 43 % average Klyshko efficiency, and a high brightness of 2.9 × 106 pairs/(mode·s·mW), while requiring only microwatts of pump power.
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15
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Ansari V, Roccia E, Santandrea M, Doostdar M, Eigner C, Padberg L, Gianani I, Sbroscia M, Donohue JM, Mancino L, Barbieri M, Silberhorn C. Heralded generation of high-purity ultrashort single photons in programmable temporal shapes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:2764-2774. [PMID: 29401812 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.002764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a source of nearly pure single photons in arbitrary temporal shapes heralded from a parametric down-conversion (PDC) source at telecom wavelengths. The technology is enabled by the tailored dispersion of in-house fabricated waveguides with shaped pump pulses to directly generate the PDC photons in on-demand temporal shapes. We generate PDC photons in Hermite-Gauss and frequency-binned modes and confirm a minimum purity of 0.81, even for complex temporal shapes.
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16
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Flórez J, Carlson NJ, Nacke CH, Giner L, Lundeen JS. A variable partially polarizing beam splitter. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:023108. [PMID: 29495806 DOI: 10.1063/1.5004805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present designs for variably polarizing beam splitters. These are beam splitters allowing the complete and independent control of the horizontal and vertical polarization splitting ratios. They have quantum optics and quantum information applications, such as quantum logic gates for quantum computing and non-local measurements for quantum state estimation. At the heart of each design is an interferometer. We experimentally demonstrate one particular implementation, a displaced Sagnac interferometer configuration, that provides an inherent instability to air currents and vibrations. Furthermore, this design does not require any custom-made optics but only common components which can be easily found in an optics laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Flórez
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nathan J Carlson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Codey H Nacke
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lambert Giner
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jeff S Lundeen
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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17
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Kuo PS, Gerrits T, Verma V, Nam SW. Spectral correlation and interference in continuous-wave non-degenerate photon pairs at telecom wavelengths. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 1.011817E6. [PMID: 32116402 DOI: 10.1117/12.2263389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an entangled photon pair source based on a domain-engineered, type-II periodically poled lithium niobate crystal that produces signal and idler photons at 1533 nm and 1567 nm. We characterized the spectral correlations of the generated entangled photons using fiber-assisted signal-photon spectroscopy. We observed interference between the two down-conversion paths after erasing polarization distinguishability of the down-converted photons. The observed interference signature is closely related to the spectral correlations between photons in a Hong- Ou-Mandel interferometer. These measurements suggest good indistinguishability between the two downconversion paths, which is required for high entanglement visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina S Kuo
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 20899-8913
| | - Thomas Gerrits
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, USA 80305-3337
| | - Varun Verma
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, USA 80305-3337
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, USA 80305-3337
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18
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Jin RB, Fujiwara M, Shimizu R, Collins RJ, Buller GS, Yamashita T, Miki S, Terai H, Takeoka M, Sasaki M. Detection-dependent six-photon Holland-Burnett state interference. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36914. [PMID: 27841300 PMCID: PMC5378926 DOI: 10.1038/srep36914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOON state, and its experimental approximation the Holland-Burnett state, have important applications in phase sensing measurement with enhanced sensitivity. However, most of the previous Holland-Burnett state interference (HBSI) experiments only investigated the area of the interference pattern in the region immediately around zero optical path length difference, while the full HBSI pattern over a wide range of optical path length differences has not yet been well explored. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate up to six-photon HBSI and study the properties of the interference patterns over a wide range of optical path length differences. It was found that the shape, the coherence time and the visibility of the interference patterns were strongly dependent on the detection schemes. This work paves the way for applications which are based on the envelope of the HBSI pattern, such as quantum spectroscopy and quantum metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jin
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan.,School of Science and Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Mikio Fujiwara
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Shimizu
- University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Robert J Collins
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald S Buller
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Taro Yamashita
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 588-2 Iwaoka, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Shigehito Miki
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 588-2 Iwaoka, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Terai
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 588-2 Iwaoka, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takeoka
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
| | - Masahide Sasaki
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
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19
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Kuo PS, Gerrits T, Verma VB, Nam SW. Spectral correlation and interference in non-degenerate photon pairs at telecom wavelengths. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:5074-5077. [PMID: 27805689 PMCID: PMC5414416 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We characterize an entangled-photon-pair source that produces signal and idler photons at 1533 nm and 1567 nm using fiber-assisted signal-photon spectroscopy. By erasing the polarization distinguishability, we observe interference between the two down-conversion paths. The observed interference signature is closely related to the spectral correlations between photons in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer. These measurements suggest good indistinguishability between the two down-conversion paths, which is required for high entanglement visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina S. Kuo
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899
| | - Thomas Gerrits
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Varun B. Verma
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305
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20
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Qian P, Gu Z, Cao R, Wen R, Ou ZY, Chen JF, Zhang W. Temporal Purity and Quantum Interference of Single Photons from Two Independent Cold Atomic Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:013602. [PMID: 27419568 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.013602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The temporal purity of single photons is crucial to the indistinguishability of independent photon sources for the fundamental study of the quantum nature of light and the development of photonic technologies. Currently, the technique for single photons heralded from time-frequency entangled biphotons created in nonlinear crystals does not guarantee the temporal-quantum purity, except using spectral filtering. Nevertheless, an entirely different situation is anticipated for narrow-band biphotons with a coherence time far longer than the time resolution of a single-photon detector. Here we demonstrate temporally pure single photons with a coherence time of 100 ns, directly heralded from the time-frequency entangled biphotons generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing in cold atomic ensembles, without any supplemented filters or cavities. A near-perfect purity and indistinguishability are both verified through Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference using single photons from two independent cold atomic ensembles. The time-frequency entanglement provides a route to manipulate the pure temporal state of the single-photon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qian
- Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Gu
- Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Cao
- Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wen
- Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Y Ou
- Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 North Blackford Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - J F Chen
- Quantum Institute of Light and Atoms, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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21
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Weston MM, Chrzanowski HM, Wollmann S, Boston A, Ho J, Shalm LK, Verma VB, Allman MS, Nam SW, Patel RB, Slussarenko S, Pryde GJ. Efficient and pure femtosecond-pulse-length source of polarization-entangled photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:10869-10879. [PMID: 27409907 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.010869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a source of polarization entangled photon pairs based on spontaneous parametric downconversion engineered for frequency uncorrelated telecom photon generation. Our source provides photon pairs that display, simultaneously, the key properties for high-performance quantum information and fundamental quantum science tasks. Specifically, the source provides for high heralding efficiency, high quantum state purity and high entangled state fidelity at the same time. Among different tests we apply to our source we observe almost perfect non-classical interference between photons from independent sources with a visibility of (100 ± 5)%.
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22
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Kaneda F, Garay-Palmett K, U'Ren AB, Kwiat PG. Heralded single-photon source utilizing highly nondegenerate, spectrally factorable spontaneous parametric downconversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:10733-10747. [PMID: 27409894 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.010733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of an indistinguishable heralded single-photon state, using highly nondegenerate spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). Spectrally factorable photon pairs can be generated by incorporating a broadband pump pulse and a group-velocity matching (GVM) condition in a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal. The heralding photon is in the near IR, close to the peak detection efficiency of off-the-shelf Si single-photon detectors; meanwhile, the heralded photon is in the telecom L-band where fiber losses are at a minimum. We observe spectral factorability of the SPDC source and consequently high purity (90%) of the produced heralded single photons by several different techniques. Because this source can also realize a high heralding efficiency (> 90%), it would be suitable for time-multiplexing techniques, enabling a pseudo-deterministic single-photon source, a critical resource for optical quantum information and communication technology.
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23
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Jeong YC, Hong KH, Kim YH. Bright source of polarization-entangled photons using a PPKTP pumped by a broadband multi-mode diode laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:1165-1174. [PMID: 26832500 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.001165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a bright source of polarization-entangled photon pairs using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in a 10 mm long type-II PPKTP crystal pumped by a broadband multi-mode diode laser with the coherence length of 330 μm. Ordinarily, the huge mismatch between the pump coherence length and the PPKTP length would degrade the polarization entanglement completely. By employing the universal Bell-state synthesizer scheme, we remove the spectral/temporal distinguishability of the biphoton amplitudes entirely to recover high-visibility and high-fidelity two-photon polarization entanglement. The pair detection rates are 7,000 pairs/mW via single-mode fibers (with 99.2% fidelity) and 90,900 pairs/mW via multi-mode fibers (with 96.8% fidelity). We also analyze the scheme theoretically to show the effect of broadband multi-mode pumping on the phase matching condition of the type-II PPKTP.
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24
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Shalm LK, Meyer-Scott E, Christensen BG, Bierhorst P, Wayne MA, Stevens MJ, Gerrits T, Glancy S, Hamel DR, Allman MS, Coakley KJ, Dyer SD, Hodge C, Lita AE, Verma VB, Lambrocco C, Tortorici E, Migdall AL, Zhang Y, Kumor DR, Farr WH, Marsili F, Shaw MD, Stern JA, Abellán C, Amaya W, Pruneri V, Jennewein T, Mitchell MW, Kwiat PG, Bienfang JC, Mirin RP, Knill E, Nam SW. Strong Loophole-Free Test of Local Realism. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:250402. [PMID: 26722906 PMCID: PMC5815856 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.250402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a loophole-free violation of local realism using entangled photon pairs. We ensure that all relevant events in our Bell test are spacelike separated by placing the parties far enough apart and by using fast random number generators and high-speed polarization measurements. A high-quality polarization-entangled source of photons, combined with high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon detectors, allows us to make measurements without requiring any fair-sampling assumptions. Using a hypothesis test, we compute p values as small as 5.9×10^{-9} for our Bell violation while maintaining the spacelike separation of our events. We estimate the degree to which a local realistic system could predict our measurement choices. Accounting for this predictability, our smallest adjusted p value is 2.3×10^{-7}. We therefore reject the hypothesis that local realism governs our experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynden K Shalm
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Evan Meyer-Scott
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Bradley G Christensen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Peter Bierhorst
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Michael A Wayne
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Martin J Stevens
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Thomas Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Scott Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Deny R Hamel
- Département de Physique et d'Astronomie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Michael S Allman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Kevin J Coakley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Shellee D Dyer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Carson Hodge
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Adriana E Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Varun B Verma
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Camilla Lambrocco
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Edward Tortorici
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Alan L Migdall
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Yanbao Zhang
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Daniel R Kumor
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - William H Farr
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Francesco Marsili
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Matthew D Shaw
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stern
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Carlos Abellán
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Waldimar Amaya
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Jennewein
- Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
- Quantum Information Science Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan W Mitchell
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul G Kwiat
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Joshua C Bienfang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Maryland, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Richard P Mirin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Emanuel Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Sae Woo Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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25
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Jiang WC, Lu X, Zhang J, Painter O, Lin Q. Silicon-chip source of bright photon pairs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:20884-20904. [PMID: 26367942 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.020884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrated quantum photonics relies critically on the purity, scalability, integrability, and flexibility of a photon source to support diverse quantum functionalities on a single chip. Here we report a chip-scale photon-pair source on the silicon-on-insulator platform that utilizes dramatic cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing in a high-Q silicon microdisk resonator. The device is able to produce high-quality photon pairs at different wavelengths with a high spectral brightness of 6.24×10(7) pairs/s/mW(2)/GHz and photon-pair correlation with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 1386 ± 278 while pumped with a continuous-wave laser. The superior performance, together with the structural compactness and CMOS compatibility, opens up a great avenue towards quantum silicon photonics with capability of multi-channel parallel information processing for both integrated quantum computing and long-haul quantum communication.
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26
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Zielnicki K, Garay-Palmett K, Dirks R, U'Ren AB, Kwiat PG. Engineering of near-IR photon pairs to be factorable in space-time and entangled in polarization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7894-7907. [PMID: 25837127 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a source of near-infrared photon pairs based on the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC), for which the joint signal-idler quantum state is designed to be factorable in the frequency-time and in the transverse position-momentum degrees of freedom. Our technique is based on the use of a broadband pump and vector group velocity matching between the pump, signal, and idler waves. We show experimentally that a source based on this technique can be configured for the generation of: i) pure heralded single photons, and ii) polarization-entangled photon pairs which are free from spectral correlations, in both cases without resorting to spectral filtering. While critical for many applications in optical quantum information processing, such a source has not previously been demonstrated.
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27
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Efficient generation of twin photons at telecom wavelengths with 2.5 GHz repetition-rate-tunable comb laser. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7468. [PMID: 25524646 PMCID: PMC4650829 DOI: 10.1038/srep07468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient generation and detection of indistinguishable twin photons are at the core of quantum information and communications technology (Q-ICT). These photons are conventionally generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), which is a probabilistic process, and hence occurs at a limited rate, which restricts wider applications of Q-ICT. To increase the rate, one had to excite SPDC by higher pump power, while it inevitably produced more unwanted multi-photon components, harmfully degrading quantum interference visibility. Here we solve this problem by using recently developed 10 GHz repetition-rate-tunable comb laser, combined with a group-velocity-matched nonlinear crystal, and superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. They operate at telecom wavelengths more efficiently with less noises than conventional schemes, those typically operate at visible and near infrared wavelengths generated by a 76 MHz Ti Sapphire laser and detected by Si detectors. We could show high interference visibilities, which are free from the pump-power induced degradation. Our laser, nonlinear crystal, and detectors constitute a powerful tool box, which will pave a way to implementing quantum photonics circuits with variety of good and low-cost telecom components, and will eventually realize scalable Q-ICT in optical infra-structures.
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28
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Glebov BL, Fan J, Migdall A. Photon number squeezing in repeated parametric downconversion with ancillary photon-number measurements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:20358-20365. [PMID: 25321244 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a realistic numerical simulation of a source of number-squeezed photon states employing a cavity-based parametric downconversion (PDC) process. A cavity containing the PDC medium is pumped repeatedly. The cavity recycles only one of the PDC output modes, allowing it to be amplified with each subsequent pump pulse. A photon number resolved (PNR) measurement is made on the other PDC output mode following each pump pulse. Once the PNR measurements indicate that the target number of photons has accumulated in the cavity, the pumping is stopped and the resulting photon state is released. The photon number uncertainty in the resulting state is ~3 dB below that of a mean-equivalent coherent state and furthermore the probability of generating the target photon number is similarly increased.
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29
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Cho YW, Park KK, Lee JC, Kim YH. Engineering frequency-time quantum correlation of narrow-band biphotons from cold atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:063602. [PMID: 25148327 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The nonclassical photon pair, generated via a parametric process, is naturally endowed with a specific form of frequency-time quantum correlations. Here, we report complete control of frequency-time quantum correlations of narrow-band biphotons generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing in a cold atomic ensemble. We have experimentally confirmed the generation of frequency-anticorrelated, frequency-correlated, and frequency-uncorrelated narrow-band biphoton states, as well as verifying the strong nonclassicality of the correlations. Our work opens up new possibilities for engineering narrow-band entangled photons for various quantum optical and quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Cho
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kwang-Kyoon Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea
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30
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Bruno N, Martin A, Guerreiro T, Sanguinetti B, Thew RT. Pulsed source of spectrally uncorrelated and indistinguishable photons at telecom wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:17246-17253. [PMID: 25090538 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.017246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of indistinguishable photon pairs at telecom wavelengths based on a type-II parametric down conversion process in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal. The phase matching, pump laser characteristics and coupling geometry are optimised to obtain spectrally uncorrelated photons with high coupling efficiencies. Four photons are generated by a counter-propagating pump in the same crystal and anlysed via two photon interference experiments between photons from each pair source as well as joint spectral and g((2)) measurements. We obtain a spectral purity of 0.91 and coupling efficiencies around 90% for all four photons without any filtering. These pure indistinguishable photon sources at telecom wavelengths are perfectly adapted for quantum network demonstrations and other multi-photon protocols.
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31
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Jin RB, Shimizu R, Wakui K, Fujiwara M, Yamashita T, Miki S, Terai H, Wang Z, Sasaki M. Pulsed Sagnac polarization-entangled photon source with a PPKTP crystal at telecom wavelength. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:11498-11507. [PMID: 24921271 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.011498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate pulsed polarization-entangled photons generated from a periodically poled KTiOPO(4) (PPKTP) crystal in a Sagnac interferometer configuration at telecom wavelength. Since the group-velocity-matching (GVM) condition is satisfied, the intrinsic spectral purity of the photons is much higher than in the previous scheme at around 800 nm wavelength. The combination of a Sagnac interferometer and the GVM-PPKTP crystal makes our entangled source compact, stable, highly entangled, spectrally pure and ultra-bright. The photons were detected by two superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) with detection efficiencies of 70% and 68% at dark counts of less than 1 kcps. We achieved fidelities of 0.981 ± 0.0002 for |ψ(-)〉 and 0.980 ± 0.001 for |ψ(+)〉 respectively. This GVM-PPKTP-Sagnac scheme is directly applicable to quantum communication experiments at telecom wavelength, especially in free space.
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32
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Lutz T, Kolenderski P, Jennewein T. Demonstration of spectral correlation control in a source of polarization-entangled photon pairs at telecom wavelength. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:1481-1484. [PMID: 24690818 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally correlated photon pairs can be used to improve the performance of long-range fiber-based quantum communication protocols. We present a source based on spontaneous parametric downconversion, which allows one to control spectral correlations within the entangled photon pair without spectral filtering by changing the pump-pulse duration or the characteristics of the coupled spatial modes. The spectral correlations and polarization entanglement are characterized. We find that the generated photon pairs can feature both positive spectral correlations, decorrelation, or negative correlations at the same time as polarization entanglement with a high fidelity of 0.97 (no background subtraction) with the expected Bell state.
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33
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Jin RB, Shimizu R, Wakui K, Benichi H, Sasaki M. Widely tunable single photon source with high purity at telecom wavelength. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:10659-10666. [PMID: 23669922 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.010659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically and experimentally investigate the spectral tunability and purity of photon pairs generated from spontaneous parametric down conversion in periodically poled KTiOPO(4) crystal with group-velocity matching condition. The numerical simulation predicts that the spectral purity can be kept higher than 0.81 when the wavelength is tuned from 1460 nm to 1675 nm, which covers the S-, C-, L-, and U-band in telecommunication wavelengths. We also experimentally measured the joint spectral intensity at 1565 nm, 1584 nm and 1565 nm, yielding Schmidt numbers of 1.01, 1.02 and 1.04, respectively. Such a photon source is useful for quantum information and communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jin
- National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan.
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34
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Bienfang J, Fan J, Migdall A, Polyakov S. Introduction. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387695-9.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gerrits T, Stevens MJ, Baek B, Calkins B, Lita A, Glancy S, Knill E, Nam SW, Mirin RP, Hadfield RH, Bennink RS, Grice WP, Dorenbos S, Zijlstra T, Klapwijk T, Zwiller V. Generation of degenerate, factorizable, pulsed squeezed light at telecom wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:24434-24447. [PMID: 22109470 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.024434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We characterize a periodically poled KTP crystal that produces an entangled, two-mode, squeezed state with orthogonal polarizations, nearly identical, factorizable frequency modes, and few photons in unwanted frequency modes. We focus the pump beam to create a nearly circular joint spectral probability distribution between the two modes. After disentangling the two modes, we observe Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with a raw (background corrected) visibility of 86% (95%) when an 8.6 nm bandwidth spectral filter is applied. We measure second order photon correlations of the entangled and disentangled squeezed states with both superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors and photon-number-resolving transition-edge sensors. Both methods agree and verify that the detected modes contain the desired photon number distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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Broome MA, Almeida MP, Fedrizzi A, White AG. Reducing multi-photon rates in pulsed down-conversion by temporal multiplexing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:22698-22708. [PMID: 22109151 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.022698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple technique to reduce the emission rate of higher-order photon events from pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The technique uses extra-cavity control over a mode locked ultrafast laser to simultaneously increase repetition rate and reduce the energy of each pulse from the pump beam. We apply our scheme to a photonic quantum gate, showing improvements in the non-classical interference visibility for 2-photon and 4-photon experiments, and in the quantum-gate fidelity and entangled state production in the 2-photon case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Broome
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, ARC Centre for Quantum Computer and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Eisaman MD, Fan J, Migdall A, Polyakov SV. Invited review article: Single-photon sources and detectors. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:071101. [PMID: 21806165 DOI: 10.1063/1.3610677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We review the current status of single-photon-source and single-photon-detector technologies operating at wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the infrared. We discuss applications of these technologies to quantum communication, a field currently driving much of the development of single-photon sources and detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Eisaman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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